James B. Aleshire (October 31, 1856 – June 1, 1925) was a career officer in the United States Army. A 1880 graduate of the United States Military Academy (West Point), he served from 1876 to 1916, and attained the rank of major general. A veteran of the American Indian Wars, Spanish–American War, China Relief Expedition, and Philippine–American War, Aleshire was most notable for his service as Quartermaster General of the United States Army from 1907 to 1916, during which he was credited with combining the formerly separate Quartermaster, Subsistence and Pay Departments to create the consolidated U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps.