About: Grutter v. Bollinger

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Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action in student admissions. The Court held that a student admissions process that favors "underrepresented minority groups" does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause so long as it takes into account other factors evaluated on an individual basis for every applicant.

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Thing case Legal Case unit of work Legal case yago:WikicatUnitedStatesSupremeCourtCases yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Case107308889 yago:Event100029378 yago:Happening107283608 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity Supreme Court of the United States case umbel-rc:Event
rdfs:label	Grutter v. Bollinger (en) 그루터 대 볼린저 사건 (ko) 格鲁特诉布林格案 (zh)
rdfs:comment	그루터 대 볼린저 사건(Grutter v. Bollinger)은 적극적 우대조치에 관한 미국 연방대법원의 유명 판례이다. (ko) 格鲁特诉布林格案 (Grutter v. Bollinger)， U.S. 306 (2005)，是美国最高法院2003年裁决的一个里程碑式案件，支持并维持了密歇根大学法学院的大学平权法案招生政策。桑德拉·戴·奥康纳大法官联名史蒂文斯、苏特、金斯伯格、布雷耶大法官以5-4的多数意见判决密歇根大学法学院对于促进班级中的种族多元化有高度的重视。最高法院认为，尽管具有种族意识的录取程序有偏袒“未被充分代表的少数族裔”之嫌，但这个评估程序也会同时考虑到许多其它的基于每位申请人个人条件的因素，因此该程序并不等同于——该制度在1977-78年的加州大学董事会诉巴基案中已被判违宪。大法官鲁斯·金斯伯格和史蒂芬·布雷耶支持此次判决，但他们也同时声明他们并不赞同法院判决书中关于有关的平权措施在25年内没有必要施行的说辞。首席大法官威廉·伦奎斯特与联名的大法官斯卡利亚、肯尼迪、托马斯均表示不服此次判决，他们指这类的录取程序实际上是不加掩饰的且违宪的种族配额程序。伦奎斯特援引了非裔美国人申请者在所有申请者中的比例几乎等同于非裔美国人被录取的比例的事实来佐证自己的反对判决的观点。大法官安东尼·肯尼迪也同样不服判决，他认为最高法院没有执行巴基案中大法官刘易斯·鲍威尔执笔的裁决中要求的严格审查程序。大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚和克拉伦斯·托马斯都分别表示反对此次判决。 (zh) Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action in student admissions. The Court held that a student admissions process that favors "underrepresented minority groups" does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause so long as it takes into account other factors evaluated on an individual basis for every applicant. (en)
foaf:name	(en) Barbara Grutter, Petitioner v.Lee Bollinger, et al. (en)
dcterms:subject	2003 in United States case law University and college admissions United States Supreme Court cases University of Michigan Legal history of Michigan 2003 in education United States affirmative action case law United States equal protection case law United States racial discrimination case law United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
Wikipage page ID	204756 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1123824136 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Amicus curiae 2003 in United States case law Sandra Day O'Connor Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action En banc F. Supp. 2d Bernard A. Friedman University and college admissions List of United States Supreme Court cases List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 539 Pennsylvania General Assembly United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit United States v. Virginia University of Michigan University of Michigan Law School Initiative 200 List of landmark court decisions in the United States Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 United States Supreme Court cases College admissions in the United States Ruth Bader Ginsburg University of Michigan Frederick Douglass GPA Gratz v. Bollinger Bloomberg BNA Equal Protection Clause Legal history of Michigan Lee Bollinger Stephen Breyer 2003 in education Bush v. Gore CCH (company) United States affirmative action case law United States equal protection case law United States racial discrimination case law William Rehnquist 6th Cir. Affirmative action in the United States Fisher v. University of Texas (2013) Fisher v. University of Texas (2016) Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Racial quota United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court E.D. Mich. Affirmative action Affirmative action at the University of Michigan John Marshall Harlan L. Ed. 2d Law School Admission Test Supreme Court of the United States Plessy v. Ferguson Race and ethnicity in the United States Regents of the University of California v. Bakke MCRI Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College Proposition 209 University of California, Berkeley School of Law Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution Michigan Constitution F.3d U.S. Presidential Election, 2000
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl%3Fnavby=CASE&court=US&vol=539&page=244 http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl%3Fnavby=CASE&court=US&vol=539&page=306 https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/353 http://tulane.edu/liberal-arts/sociology/upload/soci_201_bollinger_11-1.pdf

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