Tonstein (from the German "Ton", meaning clay, plus "Stein", meaning rock) is a hard, compact sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of kaolinite or, less commonly, other clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite. The clays often are cemented by iron oxide minerals, carbonaceous matter, or chlorite. Tonsteins form from volcanic ash deposited in swamps.Tonsteins occur as distinctive, thin, and laterally extensive layers in coal seams throughout the world. They are often used as key beds to correlate the strata in which they are found. The regional persistence of tonsteins and relict phenocrysts indicate that they formed as the result of the diagenetic alteration of volcanic ash falls in an acidic (low pH) and low-salinity environment, consistent with a freshwater swamp. In contrast
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| - Gore blanc (fr)
- Łupek ogniotrwały (pl)
- Tonstein (en)
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| - Le gore blanc est une roche sédimentaire argileuse, peu plastique, blanc grisâtre, beige ou brun clair, à cassure conchoïdale. Il est principalement constitué de kaolin et de . On le désigne souvent par son nom allemand, tonstein. (fr)
- Łupek ogniotrwały, tonstein – skała osadowa, odmiana łupka ilastego występująca jako przerosty w pokładach węgla kamiennego, rzadziej wśród karbońskich skał płonnych. Składa się głównie z kaolinitu o specyficznym wykształceniu, ponadto ze skaleni, łyszczyków. Jest to skała bardzo drobnoziarnista, o wyraźnej kierunkowości, często laminowana lub warstwowana, zwięzła, twarda, nieplastyczna, nie rozmakająca w wodzie. (pl)
- Tonstein (from the German "Ton", meaning clay, plus "Stein", meaning rock) is a hard, compact sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of kaolinite or, less commonly, other clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite. The clays often are cemented by iron oxide minerals, carbonaceous matter, or chlorite. Tonsteins form from volcanic ash deposited in swamps.Tonsteins occur as distinctive, thin, and laterally extensive layers in coal seams throughout the world. They are often used as key beds to correlate the strata in which they are found. The regional persistence of tonsteins and relict phenocrysts indicate that they formed as the result of the diagenetic alteration of volcanic ash falls in an acidic (low pH) and low-salinity environment, consistent with a freshwater swamp. In contrast (en)
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| - Le gore blanc est une roche sédimentaire argileuse, peu plastique, blanc grisâtre, beige ou brun clair, à cassure conchoïdale. Il est principalement constitué de kaolin et de . On le désigne souvent par son nom allemand, tonstein. (fr)
- Tonstein (from the German "Ton", meaning clay, plus "Stein", meaning rock) is a hard, compact sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of kaolinite or, less commonly, other clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite. The clays often are cemented by iron oxide minerals, carbonaceous matter, or chlorite. Tonsteins form from volcanic ash deposited in swamps.Tonsteins occur as distinctive, thin, and laterally extensive layers in coal seams throughout the world. They are often used as key beds to correlate the strata in which they are found. The regional persistence of tonsteins and relict phenocrysts indicate that they formed as the result of the diagenetic alteration of volcanic ash falls in an acidic (low pH) and low-salinity environment, consistent with a freshwater swamp. In contrast, the alteration of a volcanic ashfall deposit in a marine environment typically produces a bentonite layer. The induration of tonsteins is in contrast to kaolin claystones that can be mined for kaolin clay, such as the ball clays found at Bovey Tracey which formed by the erosion of a nearby kaolinised granite. These deposits are generally softer, white, and plastic. (en)
- Łupek ogniotrwały, tonstein – skała osadowa, odmiana łupka ilastego występująca jako przerosty w pokładach węgla kamiennego, rzadziej wśród karbońskich skał płonnych. Składa się głównie z kaolinitu o specyficznym wykształceniu, ponadto ze skaleni, łyszczyków. Jest to skała bardzo drobnoziarnista, o wyraźnej kierunkowości, często laminowana lub warstwowana, zwięzła, twarda, nieplastyczna, nie rozmakająca w wodzie. (pl)
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