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| - Die Sydney Twelve (deutsch: Sydney-Zwölf) waren zwölf Mitglieder der Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), einer länderübergreifenden Gewerkschaft, deren Einfluss sich auf USA, Großbritannien, Kanada und Australien konzentriert. Die Sydney-Zwölf wurden am 23. September 1916 in Sydney, Australien wegen Landesverrat, Brandstiftung und Fälscherei nach dem Felony Act von 1848 in Haft genommen. Sie wurden aufgrund fadenscheiniger Beweise angeklagt, verurteilt und mit langjähriger Haft bestraft. Nach einem Regierungswechsel von der National Party zur Australian Labor Party im Jahre 1920, die eine Urteilsüberprüfung anordnete, wurden sie alle zwölf aus der Haft entlassen. (de)
- The Sydney Twelve were members of the Industrial Workers of the World arrested on 23 September 1916 in Sydney, Australia, and charged with treason under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) which incorporated the Treason Felony Act 1848 (Imp). They were John Hamilton, Peter Larkin, Joseph Fagin, William Teen, Donald Grant, Benjamin King, Thomas Glynn, Donald McPherson, Thomas Moore, Charles Reeve, William Beattie, and Bob Besant. The treason charges were dropped prior to trial and replaced with three conspiracy charges: (1) conspiracy to commit arson (2) conspiracy to procure the release of Tom Barker from gaol by unlawful means and (3) conspiracy to excite sedition. (en)
- 悉尼十二人指在1916年9月22日在澳大利亚悉尼被捕的十二名世界产业工人成员，并被依据新南威尔士州《1900年犯罪法案》 （《1948年叛国重罪法案》的增修条文）做出叛国罪指控。上述十二人分别是约翰·汉密尔顿，彼得·拉金，约瑟夫·费金，威廉·蒂恩，唐纳德·格兰特，本杰明·金，托马斯·格林，唐纳德·麦克弗森，托马斯·摩尔，查尔斯·里夫，威廉·比蒂和鲍勃·贝桑特。 审前，叛国罪指控被变更为以下三项共同犯罪指控： 1.
* 共谋纵火 2.
* 共谋让汤姆·巴克越狱的计划 3.
* 共谋煽动叛乱 参与部分成员认为有男人因在一战期间反对征兵制等反战言论被诬告陷害。前工党领袖（后转为民族主义者）比利·休斯 于1916年12月的五日内强行通过《1916年非法结社法》并将世界产业工人列为非法组织。 针对悉尼十二人的案件得到了政府对世界产业工人的极端帮助。1916年9月26日的一宗涉及世界产业工人三名成员的托特纳姆谋杀案和一名警察在遭谋杀身亡的案件便为典型案例。检方尽一切努力将这起谋杀案与对悉尼十二人的指控联系起来。弗兰克·弗朗茨和罗兰·尼古拉斯·肯尼迪于1916年12月20日在巴瑟斯特监狱被判有罪并处死，这是新南威尔士州十年后执行的第一次死刑。后赫伯特·肯尼迪被宣告无罪。 民谣歌手安迪·欧文创作《角斗士》纪念悉尼十二人，该作于2001年3月以唱片形式发行。 (zh)
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| has abstract
| - Die Sydney Twelve (deutsch: Sydney-Zwölf) waren zwölf Mitglieder der Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), einer länderübergreifenden Gewerkschaft, deren Einfluss sich auf USA, Großbritannien, Kanada und Australien konzentriert. Die Sydney-Zwölf wurden am 23. September 1916 in Sydney, Australien wegen Landesverrat, Brandstiftung und Fälscherei nach dem Felony Act von 1848 in Haft genommen. Sie wurden aufgrund fadenscheiniger Beweise angeklagt, verurteilt und mit langjähriger Haft bestraft. Nach einem Regierungswechsel von der National Party zur Australian Labor Party im Jahre 1920, die eine Urteilsüberprüfung anordnete, wurden sie alle zwölf aus der Haft entlassen. (de)
- The Sydney Twelve were members of the Industrial Workers of the World arrested on 23 September 1916 in Sydney, Australia, and charged with treason under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) which incorporated the Treason Felony Act 1848 (Imp). They were John Hamilton, Peter Larkin, Joseph Fagin, William Teen, Donald Grant, Benjamin King, Thomas Glynn, Donald McPherson, Thomas Moore, Charles Reeve, William Beattie, and Bob Besant. The treason charges were dropped prior to trial and replaced with three conspiracy charges: (1) conspiracy to commit arson (2) conspiracy to procure the release of Tom Barker from gaol by unlawful means and (3) conspiracy to excite sedition. Some within the Australian labour movement claimed the men were framed for their strong anti-war views and their opposition to conscription during the First World War. Former Labor Prime Minister (and later Nationalist) Billy Hughes forced through the Unlawful Associations Act (1916) through Federal Parliament in five days during December 1916, then had the IWW declared an unlawful association. The case against the Twelve was assisted by the Government hysteria against the IWW. This was typified in the Tottenham murder case involving three members of the IWW and the murder of a policeman at Tottenham, New South Wales, on 26 September 1916. The prosecution made every effort to connect the murder with the charges against the Sydney IWW men. Frank Franz and Roland Nicholas Kennedy were found guilty and executed on 20 December 1916 at Bathurst Gaol, the first executions in New South Wales after a decade. Herbert Kennedy was acquitted. The case was tried in the Central Criminal Court before Justice Robert Pring and a jury. The jury found Glynn, McPherson, Teen, Beattie, Fagin, Grant and Hamilton guilty of all three charges while Reeve, Larkin, Besant and Moore guilty of the arson and sedition conspiracies and King was guilty of the sedition conspiracy. Justice Pring handed down sentences of fifteen years to Hilton, Beatty, Fagin, Grant, Teen, Glynn and McPherson; ten years to Moore, Besant, Larkin and Reeve; and five years to King. Grant remarked after his sentence was passed: "Fifteen years for fifteen words". The actual words which were quoted in his trial were: "For every day that Tom Barker is in gaol it will cost the capitalist class £10,000." The twelve lodged appeals against their convictions, however these met with limited success - the Court of Criminal Appeal quashed the convictions of Glynn and McPherson for the Barker conspiracy and reduced their sentences to ten years - however the majority of the convictions and sentences were confirmed. There was an active campaign for the release of the Sydney Twelve and other IWW members held in prison. The Defence and Release Committee was established at the behest of Henry Boote, Editor of the Australian Workers' Union weekly paper, The Worker, and of Ernie Judd, delegate from the Municipal Workers Union on Labor Council of New South Wales. Supporters included Percy Brookfield, the member for Sturt (Broken Hill) in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, and the poet Lesbia Harford. Unions such as the Ship Painters and Dockers Union were active in the campaign. The Labor Council of New South Wales commissioned a report into the case in 1918, and an enquiry into the case was also conducted by Justice Philip Street. Both the trade union report and the judicial report found problems with the case, for example the chief witness, Scully, had concocted evidence which he gave at the trial. After the Storey Labor Government was elected in New South Wales on 20 March 1920, Justice Norman Ewing was appointed to inquire into the trial and sentencing. The judge found that Grant, Beattie, Larkin and Glynn may have been involved in conspiracy of a seditious nature, but recommended that they be released. Six of the men, the judge found, were not "justly or rightly" convicted of sedition: Teen, Hamilton, McPherson, Moore, Besant and Fagin. King was considered rightly convicted of sedition, but recommended for immediate release. Reeve was found to have been rightly convicted of arson. However the judge also rejected any suggestion that the men had been framed. Ten of the men were released in August 1920, and King and Reeve slightly later. The folksinger Andy Irvine composed a song memorialising the Sydney Twelve, called "Gladiators", released on a record in March 2001. (en)
- 悉尼十二人指在1916年9月22日在澳大利亚悉尼被捕的十二名世界产业工人成员，并被依据新南威尔士州《1900年犯罪法案》 （《1948年叛国重罪法案》的增修条文）做出叛国罪指控。上述十二人分别是约翰·汉密尔顿，彼得·拉金，约瑟夫·费金，威廉·蒂恩，唐纳德·格兰特，本杰明·金，托马斯·格林，唐纳德·麦克弗森，托马斯·摩尔，查尔斯·里夫，威廉·比蒂和鲍勃·贝桑特。 审前，叛国罪指控被变更为以下三项共同犯罪指控： 1.
* 共谋纵火 2.
* 共谋让汤姆·巴克越狱的计划 3.
* 共谋煽动叛乱 参与部分成员认为有男人因在一战期间反对征兵制等反战言论被诬告陷害。前工党领袖（后转为民族主义者）比利·休斯 于1916年12月的五日内强行通过《1916年非法结社法》并将世界产业工人列为非法组织。 针对悉尼十二人的案件得到了政府对世界产业工人的极端帮助。1916年9月26日的一宗涉及世界产业工人三名成员的托特纳姆谋杀案和一名警察在遭谋杀身亡的案件便为典型案例。检方尽一切努力将这起谋杀案与对悉尼十二人的指控联系起来。弗兰克·弗朗茨和罗兰·尼古拉斯·肯尼迪于1916年12月20日在巴瑟斯特监狱被判有罪并处死，这是新南威尔士州十年后执行的第一次死刑。后赫伯特·肯尼迪被宣告无罪。 该案在由法官罗伯特·达洛·普林及其陪审团审理。陪审团认定格林，麦克弗森，蒂恩，比蒂，费金，格兰特和汉密尔顿的三项指控全部成立，而里夫，拉金，贝桑特和摩尔的后两者指控成立，而金只有煽动阴谋罪指控成立。普林法官对希尔顿，比蒂，费金，格兰特，蒂姆，格林和麦克弗森被判有期徒刑十五年；摩尔，贝桑特，拉金和里夫被判有期徒刑十年；金被判有期徒刑五年。格兰特在判决通过后表示“十五年十五个字”。在他的审判中实际引用了“汤姆·巴克终日被禁锢于监狱，资产阶级为此会付出一万英镑的代价”一句。后十二人就判决结果提出上诉，但只取得部分成功推翻对格林和麦克弗森阴谋营救贝克尔的有罪判决，并减刑至十年，但多数定罪和判决仍然成立。 羁押期间，有大规模活动要求释放被关押在监狱中的悉尼十二人和其他世界产业工人成员。国防和释放委员会是应澳大利亚工人联盟周报《工人》编辑亨利·布特和新南威尔士州市政工人工会代表厄尼·贾德的要求成立的。支持者包括新南威尔士立法会中斯特尔特（布罗肯希尔）的成员和诗人。等工会亦积极参与。 于1918年委托对此案提出报告，大法官亦就此事展开调查。工会报告和司法报告都认为此案存在问题（如首席证人斯库利在审判中提供捏造证据）。 新南威尔士州的斯托里工党政府在1920年3月20日当选后，州政府任命大法官参与该案的调查审判和判刑工作。法官发现格兰特，比蒂，拉金和格林可能参与了煽动性质的阴谋，但建议释放他们。法官发现，其中六名男子的煽动叛乱罪指控有误：蒂恩，汉密尔顿，麦克弗森，摩尔，贝桑特和法金。费金·金被认为煽动叛乱罪成立，但建议立即释放。里夫的纵火罪指控成立。然而，法官对任何关于这些人被诬陷的说法予以驳回。悉尼十二人中的十人于1920年8月获释，金和里夫稍晚获释。 民谣歌手安迪·欧文创作《角斗士》纪念悉尼十二人，该作于2001年3月以唱片形式发行。 (zh)
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