| rdfs:comment
| - Rationierung in Kuba beschreibt ein System der Verteilung von Lebensmitteln, das in Kuba unter der Bezeichnung Libreta de Abastecimiento („Bezugsbüchlein“) oder auch kurz Libreta bekannt ist. Dieses System bestimmt die Bezugsmengen für jede Person sowie die Häufigkeit der Zuteilung. (de)
- La libreta, mise en place par Fidel Castro en 1963, est un carnet d'approvisionnement distribué dans tous les foyers cubains. La libreta permet d'obtenir des produits de premières nécessités, à des prix bas, dans les magasins d'État (bodegas). C'est un géré par l'État. (fr)
- El racionamiento en Cuba es el sistema implementado por el gobierno central cubano desde la Revolución como política de Estado permanente, en el cual se distribuyen los alimentos y otros productos que son parte de la Canasta Básica de Alimentos en el país insular del Caribe, y que, por diversas razones, se encuentran en déficit de producción o con existencias limitadas. Es el mecanismo por el cual el gobierno cubano reparte de manera igualitaria un producto que se encuentra en escasez, por lo que la lista puede sufrir modificaciones mensuales, semestrales o anuales. (es)
- Rationing in Cuba is organized by the government and implemented by means of a Libreta de Abastecimiento ("Supplies booklet") assigned to every individual. The system establishes the amounts of subsidized rations each person is allowed to receive through the system, and the frequency at which supplies can be obtained. While the food rations are not free, the ration fees are a small fraction of the actual price of the goods (on average, less than $2 USD for a month of rations, which is approximately 12% of their market value). Purchases of the goods can also be made outside of the system, but they are typically too expensive for most Cubans to afford. (en)
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| has abstract
| - Rationierung in Kuba beschreibt ein System der Verteilung von Lebensmitteln, das in Kuba unter der Bezeichnung Libreta de Abastecimiento („Bezugsbüchlein“) oder auch kurz Libreta bekannt ist. Dieses System bestimmt die Bezugsmengen für jede Person sowie die Häufigkeit der Zuteilung. (de)
- El racionamiento en Cuba es el sistema implementado por el gobierno central cubano desde la Revolución como política de Estado permanente, en el cual se distribuyen los alimentos y otros productos que son parte de la Canasta Básica de Alimentos en el país insular del Caribe, y que, por diversas razones, se encuentran en déficit de producción o con existencias limitadas. Es el mecanismo por el cual el gobierno cubano reparte de manera igualitaria un producto que se encuentra en escasez, por lo que la lista puede sufrir modificaciones mensuales, semestrales o anuales. Pese a los rumores de su posible extinción, el sistema aún continúa operando en Cuba, comenzando incluso con un proceso de digitalización en 2019 mediante una «libreta electrónica», que permitiría una reducción en las colas de espera para poder adquirir los productos. (es)
- Rationing in Cuba is organized by the government and implemented by means of a Libreta de Abastecimiento ("Supplies booklet") assigned to every individual. The system establishes the amounts of subsidized rations each person is allowed to receive through the system, and the frequency at which supplies can be obtained. While the food rations are not free, the ration fees are a small fraction of the actual price of the goods (on average, less than $2 USD for a month of rations, which is approximately 12% of their market value). Purchases of the goods can also be made outside of the system, but they are typically too expensive for most Cubans to afford. Despite past rumors of ending, the system still exists. As of 2012, a coupon book taken to a ration shop provided family minimums for rice, sugar, matches, and oil, above the average wage of $30/month. While most Cubans do not have to pay for rent, healthcare, or education, ration fees often take up a large percentage of their monthly income, and the unsubsidized costs of their monthly rations would be greater than the average monthly income. The amount of food provided to each citizen has decreased somewhat over time due to the end of billions in yearly financial support from the USSR, a drastic reduction of tens of thousands of subsidized petroleum barrels from Venezuela, and according to government officials, increased sanctions from the United States, and there have been significant increases in the ration fees at times. Economic mismanagement has also played a large role in food shortages and rationing, even while the USSR subsidized the Island to the tune of $5 billion per year, certain food items still had to be rationed. All citizens are still provided with subsidized rations today, even those who could otherwise afford to purchase food. President Raul Castro said in 2011 that the subsidies are far too costly for the Cuban government, involving more than $1 billion USD in food subsidies every year, and that he would like to eliminate the system and its "unbearable burden for the economy" which he claimed produces "a disincentive to work". These remarks were received very negatively among Cubans, and Castro eventually reversed his proposal. More strenuous rationing on food and other basics was imposed in May 2019 due to the country's economic problems, which resulted largely from a stiffening U.S. embargo, the loss of aid from Venezuela, and difficulties with the state-run oil company. (en)
- La libreta, mise en place par Fidel Castro en 1963, est un carnet d'approvisionnement distribué dans tous les foyers cubains. La libreta permet d'obtenir des produits de premières nécessités, à des prix bas, dans les magasins d'État (bodegas). C'est un géré par l'État. (fr)
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