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Pre-ignition (or preignition) in a spark-ignition engine is a technically different phenomenon from engine knocking, and describes the event wherein the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder ignites before the spark plug fires. Pre-ignition is initiated by an ignition source other than the spark, such as hot spots in the combustion chamber, a spark plug that runs too hot for the application, or carbonaceous deposits in the combustion chamber heated to incandescence by previous engine combustion events.

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  • Auto-allumage (fr)
  • Preaccensione (it)
  • プレイグニッション (ja)
  • Pre-ignition (en)
rdfs:comment
  • Nei motori volumetrici ad accensione comandata, si può avere in alcuni casi la preaccensione o autocombustione della miscela combustibile. Questo fenomeno non affligge i motori diesel, perché la combustione viene sempre per autoaccensione, dove generalmente la stessa miscela viene immessa nel momento in cui questa deve autoaccendersi. (it)
  • 火花点火内燃機関における過早着火(かそうちゃっか)またはプレイグニッション(英: Pre-ignition, preignition)は、エンジンのノッキングとは厳密に言えば異なる現象であり、火花プラグが点火する前にシリンダー内の空気と燃料の混合気が着火する現象を指す。 火花点火エンジンのシリンダ内の正常燃焼は、火炎が熱伝達あるいは拡散により、順次隣の分子へ伝わる。すなわち温度波により伝播する場合で、火炎が毎秒数mないし数十mの速度で伝播して、全部の混合気が燃焼する。しかし正常な火炎伝播が終わる前に末端の混合気が圧縮点火することがあり、これがノッキングである。また燃焼室の一部が高温となり、この部分で混合気が加熱されて自然発火すれば表面点となり、その点火の時期が火花の点火時期より早ければ過早点火となることをプレイグニションという。プレイグニションの原因は、主として点火プラグ中心電極の子部であり、点火プラグの熱価が低すぎたり、点火時期が進み過ぎていると中高速の高負荷で発生しやすい。プレイグニションは点火時期を過度に進めたと同じ状態となり、発生シリンダでは出力が激減したり逆転力が働く場合もあるため、トルク変動や出力の低下を招く。さらに燃焼室各部の熱負荷も急増するため、ピストンの焼付きやプラグ電極の溶損などを引き起こす。このような高速高負荷におけるプレイグニションは、適正な点火時期で点火プラグの熱価を選択することにより発生を防ぐことができる。 (ja)
  • Pre-ignition (or preignition) in a spark-ignition engine is a technically different phenomenon from engine knocking, and describes the event wherein the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder ignites before the spark plug fires. Pre-ignition is initiated by an ignition source other than the spark, such as hot spots in the combustion chamber, a spark plug that runs too hot for the application, or carbonaceous deposits in the combustion chamber heated to incandescence by previous engine combustion events. (en)
  • Le phénomène d'auto-allumage « inflammation spontanée et accidentelle du mélange carburé » était fréquent dans un moteur à allumage commandé à fort taux de compression, lorsque la pression du mélange air-essence, dans les cylindres, provoquait une température suffisante pour provoquer une combustion spontanée et erratique du mélange, dans les cylindres, avant l’étincelle générée par la bougie, ayant pour conséquence une perte importante de la puissance et un risque de "casse" mécanique. (fr)
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  • Pre-ignition (or preignition) in a spark-ignition engine is a technically different phenomenon from engine knocking, and describes the event wherein the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder ignites before the spark plug fires. Pre-ignition is initiated by an ignition source other than the spark, such as hot spots in the combustion chamber, a spark plug that runs too hot for the application, or carbonaceous deposits in the combustion chamber heated to incandescence by previous engine combustion events. The phenomenon is also referred to as 'after-run', or 'run-on' or sometimes dieseling, when it causes the engine to carry on running after the ignition is shut off. This effect is more readily achieved on carbureted gasoline engines, because the fuel supply to the carburetor is typically regulated by a passive mechanical float valve and fuel delivery can feasibly continue until fuel line pressure has been relieved, provided the fuel can be somehow drawn past the throttle plate. The occurrence is rare in modern engines with throttle-body or electronic fuel injection, because the injectors will not be permitted to continue delivering fuel after the engine is shut off, and any occurrence may indicate the presence of a leaking (failed) injector. In the case of highly supercharged or high compression multi-cylinder engines, pre-ignition can quickly melt or burn pistons since the power generated by other still functioning pistons will force the overheated ones along no matter how early the mix pre-ignites. Many engines have suffered such failure where improper fuel delivery is present. Often one injector may clog while the others carry on normally allowing mild detonation in one cylinder that leads to serious detonation, then pre-ignition. The challenges associated with pre-ignition have increased in recent years with the development of highly boosted and "downspeeded" spark ignition engines. The reduced engine speeds allow more time for autoignition chemistry to complete thus promoting the possibility of pre-ignition and so called "mega-knock". Under these circumstances, there is still significant debate as to the sources of the pre-ignition event. Pre-ignition and engine knock both sharply increase combustion chamber temperatures. Consequently, either effect increases the likelihood of the other effect occurring, and both can produce similar effects from the operator's perspective, such as rough engine operation or loss of performance due to operational intervention by a powertrain-management computer. For reasons like these, a person not familiarized with the distinction might describe one by the name of the other. Given proper combustion chamber design, pre-ignition can generally be eliminated by proper spark plug selection, proper fuel/air mixture adjustment, and periodic cleaning of the combustion chambers. (en)
  • Le phénomène d'auto-allumage « inflammation spontanée et accidentelle du mélange carburé » était fréquent dans un moteur à allumage commandé à fort taux de compression, lorsque la pression du mélange air-essence, dans les cylindres, provoquait une température suffisante pour provoquer une combustion spontanée et erratique du mélange, dans les cylindres, avant l’étincelle générée par la bougie, ayant pour conséquence une perte importante de la puissance et un risque de "casse" mécanique. À la différence du moteur diesel, l'auto-allumage n'est pas souhaité dans un moteur à allumage commandé, même sur les moteurs à injection directe où la combustion ne doit se produire que lorsque l'étincelle de la bougie jaillit. (fr)
  • Nei motori volumetrici ad accensione comandata, si può avere in alcuni casi la preaccensione o autocombustione della miscela combustibile. Questo fenomeno non affligge i motori diesel, perché la combustione viene sempre per autoaccensione, dove generalmente la stessa miscela viene immessa nel momento in cui questa deve autoaccendersi. (it)
  • 火花点火内燃機関における過早着火(かそうちゃっか)またはプレイグニッション(英: Pre-ignition, preignition)は、エンジンのノッキングとは厳密に言えば異なる現象であり、火花プラグが点火する前にシリンダー内の空気と燃料の混合気が着火する現象を指す。 火花点火エンジンのシリンダ内の正常燃焼は、火炎が熱伝達あるいは拡散により、順次隣の分子へ伝わる。すなわち温度波により伝播する場合で、火炎が毎秒数mないし数十mの速度で伝播して、全部の混合気が燃焼する。しかし正常な火炎伝播が終わる前に末端の混合気が圧縮点火することがあり、これがノッキングである。また燃焼室の一部が高温となり、この部分で混合気が加熱されて自然発火すれば表面点となり、その点火の時期が火花の点火時期より早ければ過早点火となることをプレイグニションという。プレイグニションの原因は、主として点火プラグ中心電極の子部であり、点火プラグの熱価が低すぎたり、点火時期が進み過ぎていると中高速の高負荷で発生しやすい。プレイグニションは点火時期を過度に進めたと同じ状態となり、発生シリンダでは出力が激減したり逆転力が働く場合もあるため、トルク変動や出力の低下を招く。さらに燃焼室各部の熱負荷も急増するため、ピストンの焼付きやプラグ電極の溶損などを引き起こす。このような高速高負荷におけるプレイグニションは、適正な点火時期で点火プラグの熱価を選択することにより発生を防ぐことができる。 (ja)
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