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Non-possession (aparigraha (Sanskrit: अपरिग्रह)) is a philosophy that holds that no one or anything possesses anything. ln Jainism, aparigraha is the virtue of non-possessiveness, non-grasping or non-greediness. Aparigrah is the opposite of parigrah, and refers to keeping the desire for possessions to what is necessary or important, depending on one's life stage and context. The precept of aparigraha is a self-restraint (temperance) from the type of greed and avarice where one's own material gain or happiness comes by hurting, killing or destroying other human beings, life forms or nature.

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  • Non-possession (en)
  • 無佔有 (zh)
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  • Non-possession (aparigraha (Sanskrit: अपरिग्रह)) is a philosophy that holds that no one or anything possesses anything. ln Jainism, aparigraha is the virtue of non-possessiveness, non-grasping or non-greediness. Aparigrah is the opposite of parigrah, and refers to keeping the desire for possessions to what is necessary or important, depending on one's life stage and context. The precept of aparigraha is a self-restraint (temperance) from the type of greed and avarice where one's own material gain or happiness comes by hurting, killing or destroying other human beings, life forms or nature. (en)
  • 無佔有(non-possession),故名思意,是指視沒有任何人或者物擁有任何東西的哲學。 印度及細亞各宗教,如印度教及錫克教,有(Aparigraha)的哲理,與無佔有十分接近。分別是無佔有則是甘地發明及實踐的真理堅固(Satyagraha)哲學系統的一部份。甘地在生時帶領人民採取非暴力反抗,對象是印度當代及根深蒂固的所有社會問題。當時,印度由英國統治;此只為社會問題的一部份。因此,反抗策略需考慮到印度社會傳統思想、民風、禮節及英國社會的法律思想。最後實行的策略,由甘地本人命名為「真理堅固」。自此可結論,無佔有深受西方法律思想及哲學的影響。又,解釋無佔有則可明確解釋「擁有」及「佔有」為何物 。 無佔有不排除世上存有佔有觀念。甘地本人在實踐無佔有同時亦生活在極端貧窮之中,但此不代表實踐無佔有則會貧窮。要實踐無佔有,必須吸取僅所需要的資源(不過多亦不過少),否則沒有可能實踐。人類(及其他動物、個體)之所以有吸取過多或過少的行為,歸咎於社會條件反射作用。甘地在執行真理堅固時,貧窮生活為此策略的一部份,但不是無佔有的一部份。 當一個人或個體未察覺到所有對自己有直接或間接影響的事件時,對此個體來說,無佔有只是原則;但當一個人或個體 此個體自然會繼續體會到、接受及確認所有直接或間接影響自己的事件。 (zh)
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