| rdfs:comment
| - Cases of HIV/AIDS in Peru are considered to have reached the level of a concentrated epidemic. According to a population-based survey conducted in Peru’s 24 largest cities in 2002, adult HIV prevalence was estimated to be less than 1 percent (0.6 percent among pregnant women; 0.4 percent among males; and 0.1 percent among females). The survey demonstrated that cases are unevenly distributed in the country, affecting mostly young people between the ages of 25 and 34. As of July 2010, the cumulative reported number of persons infected with HIV was 41,638, and there were 26,566 cases of AIDS, according to the Ministry of Health (MOH), and the male/female ratio for AIDS diagnoses in 2009 was 3.02 to 1. The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates 76,000 Peruvians are HIV-pos (en)
- Se considera que el VIH/sida en el Perú ha alcanzado el nivel de una epidemia concentrada. Según una encuesta poblacional llevada a cabo en el Perú en las 24 ciudades más grandes en 2002, la prevalencia del VIH se estima en menos del 1 % para adultos (0,6 % entre las mujeres embarazadas, el 0,4 % entre los hombres y un 0,1 % entre las mujeres). La encuesta demostró que los casos se encuentran distribuidos en el país, afectando en su mayoría a jóvenes entre las edades de 25 y 34 años. En septiembre de 2007, el número registrado de personas infectadas con el VIH era 29 771, y hubo 20 110 casos de sida (Ministerio de Salud, 2007]). (es)
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| has abstract
| - Cases of HIV/AIDS in Peru are considered to have reached the level of a concentrated epidemic. According to a population-based survey conducted in Peru’s 24 largest cities in 2002, adult HIV prevalence was estimated to be less than 1 percent (0.6 percent among pregnant women; 0.4 percent among males; and 0.1 percent among females). The survey demonstrated that cases are unevenly distributed in the country, affecting mostly young people between the ages of 25 and 34. As of July 2010, the cumulative reported number of persons infected with HIV was 41,638, and there were 26,566 cases of AIDS, according to the Ministry of Health (MOH), and the male/female ratio for AIDS diagnoses in 2009 was 3.02 to 1. The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates 76,000 Peruvians are HIV-positive, meaning that many people at risk do not know their status. There were 3,300 deaths due to AIDS in Peru in 2007 (UNAIDS, 2008), down from 5,600 deaths in 2005. Among Peru's reported cases of HIV/AIDS, 77 percent are in Lima and Callao – the capital city area (United Nations General Assembly Special Session report, 2010). Sexual transmission accounts for the majority (97 percent) of cases, followed by mother-to-child transmission (2 percent), and contaminated blood and blood products (1 percent) (UNGASS, 2010). The prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM), which was 14 percent nationally and 23 percent in Lima in 2005, has continued to rise in recent years, while among sex workers prevalence remains low (0.6 to 2 percent). In five Central American countries, the annual HIV incidence was 5.1% among men who have sex with men, while an incidence of 3.5% has been found among men who have sex with men who attended public health clinics in Lima, Peru. A recent analysis by Alarcon-Villaverde indicated MSM account for a large proportion of HIV incidence (55 percent) in Peru (UNAIDS, 2009). In addition, transsexuals who are sex workers are the most affected population, with an estimated prevalence between 32 percent and 45 percent (UNGASS, 2010). Although 96 percent of female sex workers (FSWs) report having used a condom with their last client (MOH, 2003), the frequency of condom use among male sex workers is only 42 percent (UNGASS 2008). HIV/AIDS incidence in the main prisons in Peru is approximately 1.1 percent (Instituto Nacional Penitenciario [INPE], 2005), and condom use by prison inmates is low (32.8 percent reported in 2004) (INPE, 2005). Blood safety is also a concern. Several reported cases of HIV infection in 2006 and 2007 have been attributed to blood transfusions received through public health services (MOH, 2007). Infections with syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia in men and women and trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in women are factors in the increasing risk of HIV transmission in Peru. According to the 2009 Demographic and Health Survey, 14 percent of the women surveyed among those reporting history of sexual intercourse reported having sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms. Inadequate and ineffective treatment of STIs is common in Peru. Inadequate and ineffective treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is common. Also of significant concern is the high HIV prevalence among prison inmates. Given the relatively low level of sexual education, limited condom use, and risky sexual behaviors practiced by some subpopulations, including multiple sex partners, there is a significant potential for the further spread of HIV in Peru. According to the 2008 UNGASS report, less than 5 percent of schools offer sex education, including information about HIV (USAID 2010). One study by Klausner and Mendoza (2002) of young people aged 18 to 30 in 34 neighborhoods in Lima, Chiclayo, and Trujillo demonstrated that 18 percent had more than one sex partner in the last year, 8 percent had more than one partner in the last three months, and condom use was low. (en)
- Se considera que el VIH/sida en el Perú ha alcanzado el nivel de una epidemia concentrada. Según una encuesta poblacional llevada a cabo en el Perú en las 24 ciudades más grandes en 2002, la prevalencia del VIH se estima en menos del 1 % para adultos (0,6 % entre las mujeres embarazadas, el 0,4 % entre los hombres y un 0,1 % entre las mujeres). La encuesta demostró que los casos se encuentran distribuidos en el país, afectando en su mayoría a jóvenes entre las edades de 25 y 34 años. En septiembre de 2007, el número registrado de personas infectadas con el VIH era 29 771, y hubo 20 110 casos de sida (Ministerio de Salud, 2007]). La proporción hombre/mujer de casos de sida diagnosticados en 2006 fue de 3,01 (MINSA, 2007). ONUSIDA calcula que 93 000 peruanos son VIH positivos, lo que significa que muchas personas en riesgo no conocen su estado. Hubo 5600 muertes por sida en el Perú en 2005. (es)
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