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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Thomas_R._Marshall
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Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall Thomas Marshall Томас Маршалл Thomas Marshall Thomas R. Marshall Thomas R. Marshall 托马斯·R·马歇尔 Thomas R. Marshall Thomas R. Marshall توماس مارشال Маршалл, Томас Райли Thomas Riley Marshall トーマス・R・マーシャル Thomas R. Marshall 토머스 R. 마셜 Thomas R. Marshall
rdfs:comment
Thomas Riley Marshall (* 14. März 1854 in , Wabash County, Indiana; † 1. Juni 1925 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker (Demokratische Partei) und von 1913 bis 1921 der 28. Vizepräsident der Vereinigten Staaten unter Woodrow Wilson. Er amtierte außerdem zwischen 1909 und 1913 als der 27. Gouverneur von Indiana. Thomas Riley Marshall (14. března 1854, , Indiana, USA – 1. června 1925, Washington, D.C.) byl americký politik. Jednalo se o demokratického guvernéra státu Indiana v letech 1909–1913. Od 4. března 1913 do 4. března 1921 byl 28. viceprezidentem USA ve vládě demokrata Woodrowa Wilsona. Stal se dalším americkým viceprezidentem USA, téměř po sto letech, kdo vykonával tento úřad dvě čtyřletá funkční období po sobě. Převzal ceremoniální záležitosti po záchvatu mrtvice prezidenta Woodrowa Wilsona, ale odmítal převzít exekutivu. Známým se stál výrokem: Co tahle země potřebuje, to je dobrý doutník za pět centů. Thomas Riley Marshall è stato un politico statunitense, membro del Partito Democratico. Fu Vicepresidente sotto entrambi i mandati della presidenza di Thomas Woodrow Wilson dal 1913 al 1921. Divenne Maestro massone il 5 settembre 1881 nella Loggia Columbia City n. 189 di Columbia City, raggiunse il 33º grado del Rito scozzese antico ed accettato e a partire dal 21 settembre 1911 fu membro attivo del supremo consiglio della giurisdizione nord degli Stati Uniti d'America. Thomas Riley Marshall (North Manchester (Indiana), 14 maart 1854 – Washington D.C., 1 juni 1925) was een Amerikaanse politicus. Hij was lid van de Democratische Partij. Marshall was van 1909 tot 1913 gouverneur van Indiana en van 1913 tot 1921 de 28e vicepresident van de Verenigde Staten onder Woodrow Wilson. Томас Райлі Маршалл (англ. Thomas Riley Marshall; нар. 14 березня 1854 — пом. 1 червня 1925) — американський політик, член Демократичної партії США, віцепрезидент США з 1913 по 1921 рік. توماس رايلي مارشال (بالإنجليزية: Thomas Riley Marshall)‏ (14 مارس 1854 – 1 يونيو 1925) هو سياسي ديمقراطي أمريكي شغل منصب نائب الرئيس الثامن والعشرين للولايات المتحدة (1913-21) تحت حكم وودرو ويلسون. وهو محام بارز من ولاية إنديانا، أصبح عضوا نشطا ومعروفا في حزب إنديانا الديمقراطي حيث جاب جميع أنحاء الولاية وهو يخطب للمرشحين الآخرين وينظم التجمعات الحزبية التي ساعدته لاحقا بالفوز في انتخابات الحكم ليصبح الحاكم السابع والعشرين على الولاية. اقترح وهو في المنصب إقرار دستور تقدمي للولاية أثار الجدل وضغط من أجل إصلاحات أخرى في العصر التقدمي. واستعانت الأقلية الجمهورية بمحاكم الولاية لعرقلة محاولاته لتغيير الدستور. Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the 28th vice president of the United States from 1913 to 1921 under President Woodrow Wilson. A prominent lawyer in Indiana, he became an active and well known member of the Democratic Party by stumping across the state for other candidates and organizing party rallies that later helped him win election as the 27th governor of Indiana. In office, he attempted to implement changes from his progressive agenda to the Constitution of Indiana, but his efforts proved controversial and were blocked by the Indiana Supreme Court. 토머스 라일리 마셜(Thomas Riley Marshall, 1854년 3월 14일 ~ 1925년 6월 1일)은 미국의 민주당 정치인으로 제28대 부통령 (1913년 ~ 1921년)을 지냈다. Томас Райли Маршалл (англ. Thomas Riley Marshall, 14 марта 1854, Северный Манчестер, Индиана — 1 июня 1925, Вашингтон) — американский политик, член Демократической партии, вице-президент США с 1913 по 1921 год. Thomas Riley Marshall, född 14 mars 1854, död 1 juni 1925, var en amerikansk politiker och USA:s tjugoåttonde vicepresident, från 4 mars 1913 till 4 mars 1921. President under denna tid var Woodrow Wilson. Han var också guvernör i Indiana mellan 1909 och 1913. Marshall tillhörde Demokratiska partiet och förde under sin tid som guvernör en politik av starkt humanistisk och liberal karaktär. Han var stark motståndare till dödsstraffet och inga avrättningar genomfördes i Indiana under hans mandatperiod. 托马斯·赖利·马歇尔（英語：Thomas Riley Marshall，1854年3月14日－1925年6月1日）美国民主党政治家，曾于1913至1921年伍德罗·威尔逊执政期间担任第28任美国副总统。马歇尔曾是印第安纳州名律师，通过在州内各地为其他候选人发表竞选演说并组织党派集会而在政坛崭露头角，之后还因此当选第27任印第安纳州州长。担任州长期间，他提出但也充满争议的州宪法，推动其它进步主义改革。共和党少数派则利用州法院阻止宪法修订。 马歇尔担任州长期间积累的声望和印第安纳州当时作为总统大选关键摇摆州的特殊地位共同影响，确保他于1912年成为威尔逊的竞选搭档，两人也在随后的普选中取胜。但是，两人的意识形态在第一个任期里就出现显著分歧，威尔逊因此严格限制马歇尔对行政部门的影响，还下令把副总统的办公室搬离白宫。美国加入第一次世界大战后，马歇尔应总统要求在全美各地发表鼓舞士气的演说。战争即将结束时，威尔逊前往欧洲签订条约，马歇尔又根据总统要求成为首位主持内阁会议的副总统。主持联邦参议院议程期间，曾有少数反战参议员通过冗长辩论阻挠议事，防止有利于美国参战的法案通过。为确保至关重要的战时法案通过，马歇尔促使参议院通过程序性规则，允许在三分之二投票参议员支持的情况下中止冗长辩论，这项规则之后经过多次变更，至今仍在发挥作用。 Thomas Riley Marshall (North Manchester, 14 de março de 1854 – Washington, D.C., 1 de junho de 1925) foi um político norte-americano que serviu como o 28º vice-presidente dos Estados Unidos durante a presidência de Woodrow Wilson. Marshall, um proeminente advogado de Indiana, tornou-se um ativo e conhecido membro do Partido Democrata ao realizar inúmeros discursos pelo estado e organizar vários comícios que posteriormente o ajudaram a ser eleito o 27º governador de Indiana. No cargo, ele propôs uma constituição estadual e outras reformas de cunho progressista, gerando muitas controvérsias. A minoria Republicana acionou as cortes do estado para impedir mudanças na constituição. Thomas Riley Marshall (ur. 14 marca 1854 w North Manchester, New Jersey, zm. 1 czerwca 1925 w Waszyngtonie) – amerykański polityk, działacz Partii Demokratycznej, 28. wiceprezydent Stanów Zjednoczonych. W 1875 ukończył prawo w Wabash Colege. W latach 1909-1913 sprawował funkcję gubernatora stanu Indiana. Został wyznaczony jako kandydat Partii Demokratycznej na wiceprezydenta przy kandydującym na prezydenta Woodrow Wilsonie w 1912; po zwycięstwie wyborczym sprawował ten urząd przez 2 kadencje (od 4 marca 1913 do 4 marca 1921). Thomas Riley Marshall (North Manchester, Indiana; 14 de marzo de 1854-Washington D. C., 1 de junio de 1925) fue un político estadounidense y miembro del Partido Demócrata que alcanzó la vicepresidencia de los Estados Unidos bajo el mandato del Presidente Woodrow Wilson desde 1913 a 1921. Fue precedido en el cargo por James S. Sherman (republicano) y sucedido por Calvin Coolidge (republicano). Muere en Washington D. C. el 1 de junio de 1925. Thomas Riley Marshall lahir di North Manchester, Indiana pada tanggal 14 Maret 1854. Di sana ia sering datang ke gedung pengadilan untuk mendengar dan melihat aksi para pengacara. Marshall kuliah di jurusan hukum di . Ia memulai praktik pengacara di Columbia City, Indiana pada tahun 1875. Marshall meninggal pada tgl. 1 Juni 1925 di Washington, DC. トーマス・ライリー・マーシャル（英語：Thomas Riley Marshall、1854年3月14日 - 1925年6月1日）は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。ウッドロウ・ウィルソン政権で第28代アメリカ合衆国副大統領を務めた。 Thomas Riley Marshall, né le 14 mars 1854 à North Manchester (Indiana) et mort le 1er juin 1925 à Washington D.C., est un homme politique américain. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est gouverneur de l'Indiana entre 1909 et 1913 puis vice-président des États-Unis entre 1913 et 1921 dans l'administration du président Woodrow Wilson.
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Thomas R Marshall Signature.svg
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dbr:Ira_Landrith Thomas Riley Marshall dbr:Emil_Seidel dbr:Hiram_W._Johnson dbr:August_Gilhaus dbr:Charles_W._Fairbanks dbr:Nicholas_M._Butler dbr:George_R._Kirkpatrick dbr:Aaron_S._Watkins
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Head and shoulders of a sixtyish man, with a serious expression behind his pince-nez. He has a bushy mustache and his light-colored hair is parted near the top. He wears a three-piece suit, a high collared shirt, and a necktie.
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1854-03-14
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Thomas Riley Marshall
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Samuel W. Haynes dbr:James_E._Watson Elijah Jackson F.J.S. Robinson Thomas R. Marshall
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1910.0
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1
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June 2022
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1925-06-01
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Wabash College
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28
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Prohibition Party dbr:United_States_Democratic_Party Democratic Party dbr:Socialist_Party_of_America dbr:Republican_Party_(United_States) dbr:Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America Populist Party Republican Party dbr:Democratic_Party_(United_States) dbr:Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912) dbr:United_States_Republican_Party dbr:United_States_Prohibition_Party
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NNDB is considered an unreliable source . Opinion must be cited separately from fact. Both were given one citation .
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2
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1921-03-04 1913-01-13
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1913-03-04 1909-01-11
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Democratic nominee for Governor of Indiana dbr:Vice_President_of_the_United_States Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States Governor of Indiana
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dbo:abstract
托马斯·赖利·马歇尔（英語：Thomas Riley Marshall，1854年3月14日－1925年6月1日）美国民主党政治家，曾于1913至1921年伍德罗·威尔逊执政期间担任第28任美国副总统。马歇尔曾是印第安纳州名律师，通过在州内各地为其他候选人发表竞选演说并组织党派集会而在政坛崭露头角，之后还因此当选第27任印第安纳州州长。担任州长期间，他提出但也充满争议的州宪法，推动其它进步主义改革。共和党少数派则利用州法院阻止宪法修订。 马歇尔担任州长期间积累的声望和印第安纳州当时作为总统大选关键摇摆州的特殊地位共同影响，确保他于1912年成为威尔逊的竞选搭档，两人也在随后的普选中取胜。但是，两人的意识形态在第一个任期里就出现显著分歧，威尔逊因此严格限制马歇尔对行政部门的影响，还下令把副总统的办公室搬离白宫。美国加入第一次世界大战后，马歇尔应总统要求在全美各地发表鼓舞士气的演说。战争即将结束时，威尔逊前往欧洲签订条约，马歇尔又根据总统要求成为首位主持内阁会议的副总统。主持联邦参议院议程期间，曾有少数反战参议员通过冗长辩论阻挠议事，防止有利于美国参战的法案通过。为确保至关重要的战时法案通过，马歇尔促使参议院通过程序性规则，允许在三分之二投票参议员支持的情况下中止冗长辩论，这项规则之后经过多次变更，至今仍在发挥作用。 1919年10月，威尔逊因中风而无法继续行使总统职责，由此引发的继任危机成为马歇尔担任副总统期间面临的最大挑战。威尔逊本人和第一夫人都不喜欢马歇尔，总统的顾问也认为副总统不是继任总统的恰当人选，他们因此和威尔逊夫人一起设法阻止马歇尔通过正式渠道得知总统病情，以此避免他继任。包括内阁成员及国会领导人在内的许多政要敦促马歇尔代理行使总统职责，但由于具体程序有欠明晰，担心确立影响恶劣的先例，马歇尔拒绝从命。行政部门群龙无首的情况导致组建国际联盟的条约无法通过，美国随即回归孤立主义外交政策。此外，马歇尔担任副总统期间还曾遭遇刺杀，他和夫人洛伊丝一直没有子女，只在担任副总统期间收养过一个病重的孩子。 马歇尔有着众所周知的机智和幽默感，一次主持参议院辩论时，参议员正细数美国需要哪些东西，马歇尔这时插嘴打趣道：“这个国家真正需要的是一支上好的5美分雪茄。”引来一片笑声，这也是他最经久不衰的幽默之一。从副总统位置卸任后，他在印第安纳波利斯开办律师事务所，并撰写了回忆录《往事》和多本法律著作。他继续巡游并公开演讲，于1925年在旅途中因心脏病发辞世，享年71岁。 Томас Райли Маршалл (англ. Thomas Riley Marshall, 14 марта 1854, Северный Манчестер, Индиана — 1 июня 1925, Вашингтон) — американский политик, член Демократической партии, вице-президент США с 1913 по 1921 год. 토머스 라일리 마셜(Thomas Riley Marshall, 1854년 3월 14일 ~ 1925년 6월 1일)은 미국의 민주당 정치인으로 제28대 부통령 (1913년 ~ 1921년)을 지냈다. Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the 28th vice president of the United States from 1913 to 1921 under President Woodrow Wilson. A prominent lawyer in Indiana, he became an active and well known member of the Democratic Party by stumping across the state for other candidates and organizing party rallies that later helped him win election as the 27th governor of Indiana. In office, he attempted to implement changes from his progressive agenda to the Constitution of Indiana, but his efforts proved controversial and were blocked by the Indiana Supreme Court. Marshall's popularity as Indiana governor, and the state's status as a critical swing state, helped him secure the Democratic vice presidential nomination on a ticket with Wilson in 1912 and win the subsequent general election. An ideological rift developed between the two men during their first term leading Wilson to limit Marshall's influence in the administration. Marshall's brand of humor caused Wilson to move his office away from the White House, further isolating him. Marshall was targeted in an assassination attempt in 1915 for supporting intervention in World War I. During Marshall's second term he delivered morale-boosting speeches across the nation during the war and became the first U.S. vice president to hold cabinet meetings, which he did while Wilson was in Europe during peace negotiations. As he was president of the United States Senate, a small number of anti-war Senators kept it deadlocked by refusing to end debate. To enable critical wartime legislation to be passed, Marshall had the body adopt its first procedural rule allowing filibusters to be ended by a two-thirds majority vote—a variation of this rule remains in effect. Marshall's vice presidency is most remembered for a leadership crisis following a stroke that incapacitated Wilson in October 1919. Because of their personal dislike for Marshall, Wilson's advisers and wife Edith sought to keep him uninformed about the president's condition to prevent him from assuming presidential powers and duties. Many people, including cabinet officials and Congressional leaders, urged Marshall to become acting president, but he refused to forcibly assume Wilson's powers, not wanting to set a standard of doing so. Without strong leadership in the executive branch, the administration's opponents defeated the ratification of the League of Nations treaty and effectively returned the United States to an isolationist foreign policy. Marshall ended his time in office as the first vice president since Daniel D. Tompkins, nearly a century earlier, to serve two full terms, and the first vice president re-elected, since John C. Calhoun. Marshall was known for his wit and sense of humor. One of his most enduring jokes provoked widespread laughter from his Senate colleagues during a floor debate. Responding to Senator Joseph Bristow's catalog of the nation's needs, Marshall quipped that, "What this country needs is a really good five-cent cigar." After his terms as vice president, he opened an Indianapolis law practice where he authored several legal books and his memoir, Recollections. He continued to travel and speak publicly. Marshall died in 1925 after suffering a heart attack while on a trip to Washington, D.C. Thomas Riley Marshall, född 14 mars 1854, död 1 juni 1925, var en amerikansk politiker och USA:s tjugoåttonde vicepresident, från 4 mars 1913 till 4 mars 1921. President under denna tid var Woodrow Wilson. Han var också guvernör i Indiana mellan 1909 och 1913. Marshall tillhörde Demokratiska partiet och förde under sin tid som guvernör en politik av starkt humanistisk och liberal karaktär. Han var stark motståndare till dödsstraffet och inga avrättningar genomfördes i Indiana under hans mandatperiod. Efter president Wilsons stroke i oktober 1919 följde en successionskris, då USA:s konstitution vid denna tid inte var tydlig omkring vilka omständigheter som krävdes för att vicepresidenten skulle överta presidentens uppgifter. President Wilson kom under sjukdomstiden aldrig att formellt förklara sig mentalt oförmögen att styra landet, men vårdades isolerat och tog inte emot några besökare, vilket ledde till spekulation omkring presidentens tillstånd. Wilsons hustru Edith kom istället att genom maken spela en central roll i administrationens dagliga affärer, då hon och presidentens rådgivare avgjorde vilka ärenden som lades fram för presidenten under sjukdomen. Vicepresident Marshall förklarade sig inte beredd att överta presidentämbetet utan godkännande av presidenten eller kongressens båda kamrar, men något sådant godkännande kunde aldrig beslutas. Wilson återhämtade sig något under de följande månaderna men många av presidentens representativa plikter kom att utföras av Marshall fram till mandatperiodens slut 1921. Successionskrisen kom att bli en av orsakerna till att det tjugofemte tillägget till USA:s konstitution antogs 1967, där proceduren kring vicepresidentens eventuella tillträde som president regleras i detalj. Thomas Riley Marshall (14. března 1854, , Indiana, USA – 1. června 1925, Washington, D.C.) byl americký politik. Jednalo se o demokratického guvernéra státu Indiana v letech 1909–1913. Od 4. března 1913 do 4. března 1921 byl 28. viceprezidentem USA ve vládě demokrata Woodrowa Wilsona. Stal se dalším americkým viceprezidentem USA, téměř po sto letech, kdo vykonával tento úřad dvě čtyřletá funkční období po sobě. Převzal ceremoniální záležitosti po záchvatu mrtvice prezidenta Woodrowa Wilsona, ale odmítal převzít exekutivu. Známým se stál výrokem: Co tahle země potřebuje, to je dobrý doutník za pět centů. トーマス・ライリー・マーシャル（英語：Thomas Riley Marshall、1854年3月14日 - 1925年6月1日）は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。ウッドロウ・ウィルソン政権で第28代アメリカ合衆国副大統領を務めた。 Thomas Riley Marshall (ur. 14 marca 1854 w North Manchester, New Jersey, zm. 1 czerwca 1925 w Waszyngtonie) – amerykański polityk, działacz Partii Demokratycznej, 28. wiceprezydent Stanów Zjednoczonych. W 1875 ukończył prawo w Wabash Colege. W latach 1909-1913 sprawował funkcję gubernatora stanu Indiana. Został wyznaczony jako kandydat Partii Demokratycznej na wiceprezydenta przy kandydującym na prezydenta Woodrow Wilsonie w 1912; po zwycięstwie wyborczym sprawował ten urząd przez 2 kadencje (od 4 marca 1913 do 4 marca 1921). Thomas Riley Marshall (* 14. März 1854 in , Wabash County, Indiana; † 1. Juni 1925 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker (Demokratische Partei) und von 1913 bis 1921 der 28. Vizepräsident der Vereinigten Staaten unter Woodrow Wilson. Er amtierte außerdem zwischen 1909 und 1913 als der 27. Gouverneur von Indiana. Томас Райлі Маршалл (англ. Thomas Riley Marshall; нар. 14 березня 1854 — пом. 1 червня 1925) — американський політик, член Демократичної партії США, віцепрезидент США з 1913 по 1921 рік. Thomas Riley Marshall lahir di North Manchester, Indiana pada tanggal 14 Maret 1854. Di sana ia sering datang ke gedung pengadilan untuk mendengar dan melihat aksi para pengacara. Marshall kuliah di jurusan hukum di . Ia memulai praktik pengacara di Columbia City, Indiana pada tahun 1875. Marshall menjabat Gubernur Indiana pada tahun 1909-1913 dan dikenal aktif dan vokal dalam Partai Demokrat, tetapi dianggap sebagai pengacara handal di kota kecil, ketika dinominasikan sebagai calon kuda hitam. Dalam masa jabatan gubernurnya, ia juga menyaksikan undang-undang perburuhan anak dan beberapa UU antikorupsi disahkan, tetapi tidak berhasil meloloskan UU lain yang progresif lewat DPRD ataupun menelurkan konvensi baru dalam UU negara bagian Indiana. Dalam Konvensi Partai Demokrat di Baltimore, tahun 1912, Marshall dipilih sebagai calon wakil presiden dari Indiana. Saat itu mungkin Marshall dianggap sebagai calon kompromi, tetapi akhirnya setuju untuk menyodorkan nama Marshall kepada Woodrow Wilson. Marshall berhasil dipilih lagi sebagai Wakil Presiden sampai tahun 1921. Ada rumor yang saat itu mengatakan sebenarnya Marshall menolak untuk masa jabatan kedua karena rasa bosan. Salah satu humor yang terkenal dari Marshall ialah cerita tentang seorang ibu yang punya dua anak. Satu orang menjadi pelaut dan satu lagi menjadi Wakil Presiden AS. Mereka berdua tidak pernah didengar kabarnya lagi! Marshall meninggal pada tgl. 1 Juni 1925 di Washington, DC. Thomas Riley Marshall è stato un politico statunitense, membro del Partito Democratico. Fu Vicepresidente sotto entrambi i mandati della presidenza di Thomas Woodrow Wilson dal 1913 al 1921. Divenne Maestro massone il 5 settembre 1881 nella Loggia Columbia City n. 189 di Columbia City, raggiunse il 33º grado del Rito scozzese antico ed accettato e a partire dal 21 settembre 1911 fu membro attivo del supremo consiglio della giurisdizione nord degli Stati Uniti d'America. توماس رايلي مارشال (بالإنجليزية: Thomas Riley Marshall)‏ (14 مارس 1854 – 1 يونيو 1925) هو سياسي ديمقراطي أمريكي شغل منصب نائب الرئيس الثامن والعشرين للولايات المتحدة (1913-21) تحت حكم وودرو ويلسون. وهو محام بارز من ولاية إنديانا، أصبح عضوا نشطا ومعروفا في حزب إنديانا الديمقراطي حيث جاب جميع أنحاء الولاية وهو يخطب للمرشحين الآخرين وينظم التجمعات الحزبية التي ساعدته لاحقا بالفوز في انتخابات الحكم ليصبح الحاكم السابع والعشرين على الولاية. اقترح وهو في المنصب إقرار دستور تقدمي للولاية أثار الجدل وضغط من أجل إصلاحات أخرى في العصر التقدمي. واستعانت الأقلية الجمهورية بمحاكم الولاية لعرقلة محاولاته لتغيير الدستور. وقد ساعدته شعبيته كحاكم وكذلك مكانة إنديانا كولاية متأرجحة في الانتخابات بتأمين ترشيحه لمنصب نائب الرئيس الديمقراطي على بطاقة وودرو ويلسون في انتخابات عام 1912 التي فازا بها. حدث خلاف أيديولوجي بين الرجلين خلال فترة الولاية الأولى، مما دفع ويلسون إلى الحد من نفوذ مارشال في الإدارة، وقام ويلسون لاحقا بنقل مكتب مارشال بعيدا عن البيت الأبيض. وخلال فترة الولاية الثانية، ألقى خطبا لتعزيز الروح المعنوية خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى، وأصبح أول نائب رئيس يعقد اجتماعات مجلس الوزراء، وهو ما فعله عندما كان ويلسون في أوروبا. وعندما كان رئيسا لمجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي، قام عدد صغير من أعضاء مجلس الشيوخ المناهضين للحرب بتعطيل نقاشات الحرب. وضع بعدها قاعدة تسمح بإنهاء النقاشات بأغلبية الثلثين، وذلك ليتمكن من إقرار التشريعات الحربية الحاسمة، ولا تزال هذه القاعدة موجودة باختلافات بسيطة. عرفت فترة ولاية مارشال كنائب رئيس بأزمة القيادة بعد الجلطة الدماغية التي أصابت ويلسون في أكتوبر 1919. كان مستشارو ويلسون وزوجته إديث يكرهون مارشال بشدة، وسعوا لإبقاء مارشال غافلا عن حالة الرئيس لمنعه من تولي الرئاسة. حثه كثير من الناس، بمن فيهم مسؤولون بالحكومة وزعماء الكونجرس، على أن يصبح رئيسا بالوكالة، لكنه رفض تولي الرئاسة بالقوة خوفا من وضع سابقة دستورية. وبدون قيادة قوية في السلطة التنفيذية، تحالف خصوم الإدارة ضد التصديق على معاهدة عصبة الأمم وأعادوا الولايات المتحدة إلى عزلتها عن السياسة الخارجية. كذلك فإن مارشال هو نائب رئيس الولايات المتحدة الوحيد الذي تم استهدافه حصرا في محاولة اغتيال أثناء وجوده في منصبه (تعرض أندرو جونسون لمحاولة اغتيال وهو نائب رئيس، ولكنها كانت جزءا من عملية اغتيال أبراهام لينكون وويليام سيوارد). بعد أن انتهت فترة ولايته كنائب للرئيس، أسس مارشال مكتب محاماة في إنديانابوليس، حيث قام بتأليف العديد من الكتب القانونية وكتب مذكراته. واصل مارشال السفر وإلقاء الخطابات، وتوفي في إحدى رحلاته بعد تعرضه لنوبة قلبية في عام 1925. Thomas Riley Marshall (North Manchester, 14 de março de 1854 – Washington, D.C., 1 de junho de 1925) foi um político norte-americano que serviu como o 28º vice-presidente dos Estados Unidos durante a presidência de Woodrow Wilson. Marshall, um proeminente advogado de Indiana, tornou-se um ativo e conhecido membro do Partido Democrata ao realizar inúmeros discursos pelo estado e organizar vários comícios que posteriormente o ajudaram a ser eleito o 27º governador de Indiana. No cargo, ele propôs uma constituição estadual e outras reformas de cunho progressista, gerando muitas controvérsias. A minoria Republicana acionou as cortes do estado para impedir mudanças na constituição. Sua popularidade como governador, e o fato de Indiana ser um swing state, o ajudou a conseguir a indicação democrata para vice-presidente junto com Wilson e sua subsequente eleição em 1912. Divergências ideológicas entre os dois durante o primeiro mandato fez Wilson limitar a influência de Marshall na administração, e seu tradicional bom humor fez o presidente mudar o escritório do vice-presidente para fora da Casa Branca. Em seu segundo mandato, Marshall fez vários discursos pelo país durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Enquanto Wilson estava na Europa, ele tornou-se o primeiro vice-presidente a realizar reuniões de gabinete. Como presidente do Senado dos Estados Unidos, um pequeno número de senadores anti-guerra mantiveram um impasse ao se recusarem a encerrar o debate. Para garantir que legislações de guerra cruciais fossem ratificadas, Marshall fez a câmara adotar sua primeira regra processual permitindo que empasses fossem encerrados por uma maioria de dois terços – uma variação dessa regra permanece em uso até hoje. A vice-presidência de Marshall é mais lembrada por uma crise de liderança em outubro de 1919 após Wilson ter sido incapacitado por um derrame. Por causa de sua antipatia pessoal por ele, os conselheiros e a esposa de Wilson queriam impedir que Marshall descobrisse a verdadeira condição do presidente para que não assumisse a presidência. Muitas pessoas, incluindo chefes de gabinete e líderes do Congresso, pediram para Marshall tornar-se presidente interino, mas ele se recusou a assumir o cargo à força temendo criar um precedente. Sem um líder no executivo, os oponentes da administração derrotaram a ratificação do tratado da Sociedade das Nações. Muito conhecido por sua perspicácia e senso de humor, uma das piadas mais duradouras de Marshall veio em um debate no senado quando, em resposta ao catálogo das necessidades da nação feito pelo senador Joseph L. Bristow, ele proferiu a frase, "O que esse país precisa é um bom charuto de cinco centavos", provocando várias risadas. Depois de seu mandato como vice-presidente, Marshall abriu uma firma de advocacia em Indianápolis, escrevendo vários livros sobre direito e suas memórias, Recollections. Ele continuou a viajar e discursar publicamente. Marshall morreu em 1925 durante uma de suas viagens, vítima de um infarto agudo do miocárdio. Thomas Riley Marshall (North Manchester, Indiana; 14 de marzo de 1854-Washington D. C., 1 de junio de 1925) fue un político estadounidense y miembro del Partido Demócrata que alcanzó la vicepresidencia de los Estados Unidos bajo el mandato del Presidente Woodrow Wilson desde 1913 a 1921. Fue precedido en el cargo por James S. Sherman (republicano) y sucedido por Calvin Coolidge (republicano). Muere en Washington D. C. el 1 de junio de 1925. Thomas Riley Marshall (North Manchester (Indiana), 14 maart 1854 – Washington D.C., 1 juni 1925) was een Amerikaanse politicus. Hij was lid van de Democratische Partij. Marshall was van 1909 tot 1913 gouverneur van Indiana en van 1913 tot 1921 de 28e vicepresident van de Verenigde Staten onder Woodrow Wilson. Thomas Riley Marshall, né le 14 mars 1854 à North Manchester (Indiana) et mort le 1er juin 1925 à Washington D.C., est un homme politique américain. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est gouverneur de l'Indiana entre 1909 et 1913 puis vice-président des États-Unis entre 1913 et 1921 dans l'administration du président Woodrow Wilson.
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