. . . . . . . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (ur. 24 lipca 1915 ko\u0142o Redwood Falls, zm. 29 czerwca 1942) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski limnolog, jeden z pionier\u00F3w bada\u0144 nad sieci\u0105 troficzn\u0105. W 1936 uzyska\u0142 stopie\u0144 B.A. w Park College w Parkville, a nast\u0119pnie podj\u0105\u0142 nauk\u0119 w Graduate School University of Minnesota. Od 1936 do 1940 bada\u0142 ekosystem w Cedar Bog Lake. Wyniki stanowi\u0142y materia\u0142 do jego pracy doktorskiej z zoologii, obronionej na Uniwersytecie Minnesoty w marcu 1941. W pracy tej zwr\u00F3ci\u0142 uwag\u0119 na przep\u0142yw energii i sk\u0142adnik\u00F3w pokarmowych w \u0142a\u0144cuchu troficznym, co by\u0142o rewolucyjnym podej\u015Bciem do bada\u0144 ekosystemu."@pl . "Raymond Lindeman"@fr . . . . . . . . . . "Raymond Lindeman"@en . "1942-06-29"^^ . . . . . . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman"@en . . . . "\u0631\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062F \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Raymond Lindeman)\u200F (1915 - 29 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1942) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062D\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0626\u064A."@ar . . . . "Raymond Lindeman"@pt . . . . . . . . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 \u2013 June 29, 1942) was an ecologist whose graduate research is credited with being a seminal study in the field of ecosystem ecology, specifically on the topic of trophic dynamics."@en . . . . . . "1942-06-29"^^ . "\u0420\u044D\u0439\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0434 \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Raymond Lindeman; 24 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1915, \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0434-\u0424\u043E\u043B\u0441, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u0442 \u2014 29 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1942, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0425\u044D\u0432\u0435\u043D) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0431\u0438\u043E\u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C."@ru . . "Raymond Lindeman"@nl . . . . . . . "Samuel Eddy"@en . . . . . . "1121380866"^^ . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 \u2013 29 juin 1942) est un \u00E9cologiste am\u00E9ricain, sp\u00E9cialiste de l' (en)."@fr . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 \u2013 29 de junho de 1942) foi um ec\u00F3logo cuja pesquisa de p\u00F3s-gradua\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 considerada como fundadora da ecologia de ecossistemas. Ele fez seu doutorado na Universidade de Minnesota, com uma tese relacionada \u00E0 sucess\u00E3o ecol\u00F3gica do lago Cedar Bog, localizado atualmente na Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve da Universidade de Minnesota. Ele realizou seu p\u00F3s-doutorado na Yale University com o not\u00F3rio limn\u00F3logo George Evelyn Hutchinson. Lindeman submeteu um cap\u00EDtulo de sua tese para publica\u00E7\u00E3o na revista Ecology que esbo\u00E7ava a . Seu manuscrito foi rejeitado inicialmente por causa das generaliza\u00E7\u00F5es, mas foi publicado depois da interfer\u00EAncia de Hutchinson e outros, que convenceram o editor da revista sobre os m\u00E9ritos do artigo. O artigo foi publicado em 1942, pouco depois da morte de Lindeman, causada por uma forma rara de hepatite. Um pr\u00EAmio anual em homenagem a Lindeman \u00E9 dado pela ao melhor artigo escrito no ano por um jovem cientista da \u00E1rea aqu\u00E1tica. Raymond L. Lindeman tamb\u00E9m \u00E9 homenageado com uma s\u00E9rie de palestras em seu nome no Departmento de Ecologia, Evolu\u00E7\u00E3o e Comportamento da University de Minnesota, onde tamb\u00E9m consta em uma placa informativa no monumento chamado ."@pt . . . . . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 \u2013 June 29, 1942) was an ecologist whose graduate research is credited with being a seminal study in the field of ecosystem ecology, specifically on the topic of trophic dynamics."@en . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 \u2013 29 de junho de 1942) foi um ec\u00F3logo cuja pesquisa de p\u00F3s-gradua\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 considerada como fundadora da ecologia de ecossistemas. Ele fez seu doutorado na Universidade de Minnesota, com uma tese relacionada \u00E0 sucess\u00E3o ecol\u00F3gica do lago Cedar Bog, localizado atualmente na Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve da Universidade de Minnesota."@pt . "Pioneering the concept of trophic dynamics in ecology"@en . . . . . . . "New Haven, CT"@en . . . . "5994689"^^ . . . . . . "6923"^^ . . . . . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (ur. 24 lipca 1915 ko\u0142o Redwood Falls, zm. 29 czerwca 1942) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski limnolog, jeden z pionier\u00F3w bada\u0144 nad sieci\u0105 troficzn\u0105. W 1936 uzyska\u0142 stopie\u0144 B.A. w Park College w Parkville, a nast\u0119pnie podj\u0105\u0142 nauk\u0119 w Graduate School University of Minnesota. Od 1936 do 1940 bada\u0142 ekosystem w Cedar Bog Lake. Wyniki stanowi\u0142y materia\u0142 do jego pracy doktorskiej z zoologii, obronionej na Uniwersytecie Minnesoty w marcu 1941. W pracy tej zwr\u00F3ci\u0142 uwag\u0119 na przep\u0142yw energii i sk\u0142adnik\u00F3w pokarmowych w \u0142a\u0144cuchu troficznym, co by\u0142o rewolucyjnym podej\u015Bciem do bada\u0144 ekosystemu. W kwietniu 1941 otrzyma\u0142 stypendium (Sterling fellowship), dzi\u0119ki czemu rozpocz\u0105\u0142 studia podoktoranckie na Uniwersytecie Yale, gdzie pracowa\u0142 pod kierunkiem G. Evelyn Hutchinsona. Wyniki bada\u0144 opublikowa\u0142 w sze\u015Bciu artyku\u0142ach w pi\u015Bmie \u201E\u201D. Pocz\u0105tkowo nie chciano ich opublikowa\u0107, uwa\u017Caj\u0105c, \u017Ce zawieraj\u0105 za ma\u0142o danych i s\u0105 przez to zbyt teoretyczne, jednak po wyra\u017Ceniu opinii przez czo\u0142owych ekolog\u00F3w oraz samego Hutchinsona zosta\u0142y przyj\u0119te do publikacji. Ostatnia cz\u0119\u015B\u0107, Trophic Dynamic Aspect of Ecology, zosta\u0142a opublikowana w pa\u017Adzierniku 1942, ju\u017C po \u015Bmierci Lindemana. Lindeman zmar\u0142 z powodu rzadkiej choroby w\u0105troby, na kt\u00F3r\u0105 cierpia\u0142 od 1937. W pracach pomaga\u0142a Raymondowi jego \u017Cona Eleanora (z domu Hall), kt\u00F3r\u0105 po\u015Blubi\u0142 latem 1938."@pl . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 - New Haven, 29 juni 1942) was een Amerikaans zo\u00F6loog en de grondlegger van de ecologie van voedselketens. Hij formuleerde de toen revolutionaire Wet van Lindeman."@nl . . . . . "Raymond Lindeman"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman"@en . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 \u2013 29 juin 1942) est un \u00E9cologiste am\u00E9ricain, sp\u00E9cialiste de l' (en)."@fr . . . . "Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1915 - New Haven, 29 juni 1942) was een Amerikaans zo\u00F6loog en de grondlegger van de ecologie van voedselketens. Hij formuleerde de toen revolutionaire Wet van Lindeman."@nl . . . . "\u0420\u044D\u0439\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0434 \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Raymond Lindeman; 24 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1915, \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0434-\u0424\u043E\u043B\u0441, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u0442 \u2014 29 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1942, \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0425\u044D\u0432\u0435\u043D) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E \u0431\u0438\u043E\u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C."@ru . . . "\u0631\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062F \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646"@ar . "\u041B\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043D, \u0420\u044D\u0439\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0434"@ru . . . . . . . . "\u0631\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062F \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Raymond Lindeman)\u200F (1915 - 29 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1942) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062D\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0626\u064A."@ar . "1915"^^ . .