. . . . . . . . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax"@en . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax, f\u00F6dd 27 juli 1938 i Chicago, Illinois, d\u00F6d 4 mars 2008 i , Wisconsin, var en amerikansk speldesigner och f\u00F6rfattare. Han \u00E4r mest k\u00E4nd som upphovsman till Dungeons & Dragons, v\u00E4rldens f\u00F6rsta kommersiellt tillg\u00E4ngliga rollspel, tillsammans med Dave Arneson."@sv . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 luglio 1938 \u2013 Lake Geneva, 4 marzo 2008) \u00E8 stato un autore di giochi e scrittore statunitense.\u00C8 conosciuto soprattutto per avere creato, insieme a Dave Arneson, il gioco di ruolo fantasy Dungeons & Dragons, e per aver fondato, con Don Kaye, la casa editrice Tactical Studies Rules. Negli anni sessanta Gygax cre\u00F2 e organizz\u00F2 un club di wargame medievale e fond\u00F2 la convention di giochi Gen Con. Nel 1971 cre\u00F2 il wargame tridimensionale Chainmail di ambientazione medievale. Insieme al suo amico di infanzia Don Kaye fond\u00F2 nel 1973 la Tactical Studies Rules (generalmente nota come TSR). L'anno seguente insieme a Dave Arneson cre\u00F2 il gioco di ruolo Dungeons & Dragons, basato sul suo lavoro su Chainmail e includendo elementi dei suoi romanzi fantasy preferiti. Nello stesso anno fond\u00F2 la rivista Dragon dedicata al nuovo gioco. Nel 1977 inizi\u00F2 a lavorare su Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, una versione espansa di Dungeons & Dragons. Gygax scrisse numerosi manuali e moduli di avventura per Dungeons & Dragons. Nel 1983 lavor\u00F2 per licenziare la linea di prodotti di D&D in una serie animata di successo. Dopo aver lasciato la TSR nel 1985 per disaccordi con il nuovo socio di maggioranza, Gygax continu\u00F2 a creare indipendentemente giochi di ruolo, cominciando nel 1992 con il regolamento generico in 1992. Nel 1999 pubblic\u00F2 . Nel 2005 venne coinvolto nello sviluppo del gioco di ruolo , concepito come un ibrido tra la terza edizione di Dungeons & Dragons e il sistema originale concepito da Gygax. Si \u00E8 sposato due volte e ha avuto sei figli. Nel 2004 soffr\u00EC due ictus, evitando di stretta misura un infarto, successivamente gli venne diagnosticato un aneurisma dell'aorta addominale, che nel marzo 2008 fu la causa della sua morte."@it . . . . . . "Gary Gygax's Signature.jpg"@en . "Gary Gygax"@fr . . . . . "Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, U.S."@en . "\u042D\u0440\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u044D\u0440\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Ernest Gary Gygax; 27 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1938 \u2014 4 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 2008) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440, \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044B Dungeons & Dragons, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043E\u043D \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043B \u0432 1974 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0441 . \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043E\u0442\u0446\u043E\u043C \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440. \u0412 1960-\u0445 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044C\u0451\u0437\u043D\u043E \u0443\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 Gen Con. \u0412 1971 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043E\u043D \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0444\u0444\u043E\u043C \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043B Chainmail, \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043C \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0430\u0442\u044E\u0440 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E \u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443. \u0412\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E Tactical Studies Rules (TSR, Inc.). \u0412 \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043E\u043D \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0414\u044D\u0439\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0410\u0440\u043D\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043B \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044E \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443 Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435 Chainmail \u0441 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0444\u044D\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0435 \u0413\u044D\u0440\u0438 \u043B\u044E\u0431\u0438\u043B \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u0412 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043E\u043D \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u043B Dragon, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0438 D&D. \u0412 1977 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0439, \u0432\u044B\u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0443\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C Advanced Dungeons & Dragons. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u043D \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043B \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0433 , \u043F\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043B \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432. \u0412 1985 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0446\u0435\u043C TSR \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0443\u043B \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0438\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E. \u041E\u043D \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0435 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440 Dangerous Journeys (1992), Lejendary Adventure (1999) \u0438 Castles & Crusades (2005), \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E, \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0443\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0449\u0430. \u0414\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043E\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0430\u043B \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C: \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043B \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B \u0432 \u0436\u0430\u043D\u0440\u0435 \u0444\u044D\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043B\u044E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440. \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044B \u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043B \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0412 2004 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043E\u043D \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043D\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430, \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0443 \u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E , \u043E\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 2008 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430."@ru . "Gary Gygax"@pt . . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (27. \u010Dervence 1938, Chicago \u2013 4. b\u0159ezna 2008) byl americk\u00FD tv\u016Frce a design\u00E9r hern\u00EDch syst\u00E9m\u016F, jen\u017E se proslavil v roce 1974 jako spolutv\u016Frce prvotn\u00EDho RPG syst\u00E9mu Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) spole\u010Dn\u011B s . S zalo\u017Eil roku 1973 spole\u010Dnost (TSR, Inc.). Pot\u00E9, co firmu TSR opustil, pokra\u010Doval s\u00E1m jako tv\u016Frce RPG titul\u016F, v\u010Detn\u011B hern\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu . Gygax je v\u0161eobecn\u011B zn\u00E1m jako jeden z otc\u016F RPG syst\u00E9m\u016F."@cs . . "2008-03-04"^^ . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 de Julho de 1938 \u2014 Lake Geneva, 4 de Mar\u00E7o de 2008) foi um escritor estadunidense e um game designer, not\u00F3rio por ter sido o principal autor do primeiro jogo de RPG do mundo no ano de 1974: o Dungeons and Dragons."@pt . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 de Julho de 1938 \u2014 Lake Geneva, 4 de Mar\u00E7o de 2008) foi um escritor estadunidense e um game designer, not\u00F3rio por ter sido o principal autor do primeiro jogo de RPG do mundo no ano de 1974: o Dungeons and Dragons."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u0301\u0440\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0456 \u0413\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0433\u0435\u043A\u0441 (\u0413\u0456\u0301\u0433\u0430\u043A\u0441) (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Ernest Gary Gygax, US: [\u02C8\u025Crn\u0259st \u02C8g\u025Bri \u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks]) (27 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1938 \u2014 4 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044F 2008) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043D\u0435\u0440, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u0441\u043F\u0456\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0438 Dungeons & Dragons."@uk . "Gary Gygax [\u02C8ga\u026A.g\u00E6ks], n\u00E9 le 27 juillet 1938 \u00E0 Chicago et mort le 4 mars 2008 \u00E0 Lake Geneva, est un \u00E9crivain am\u00E9ricain et un concepteur de jeux dans le domaine du jeu de r\u00F4le sur table. Il est surtout connu pour avoir co\u00E9crit, avec Dave Arneson, le premier et le plus c\u00E9l\u00E8bre jeu de r\u00F4le sur table : Donjons et Dragons (abr\u00E9v. D&D ; en anglais : Dungeons & Dragons)."@fr . . "Gygax at Gen Con Indy 2007"@en . . . "1938-07-27"^^ . . . "1938-07-27"^^ . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (ur. 27 lipca 1938 w Chicago, zm. 4 marca 2008 w ) \u2212 ameryka\u0144ski pisarz i tw\u00F3rca gier fabularnych, w tym najs\u0142ynniejszego jego dzie\u0142a, Dungeons & Dragons, kt\u00F3r\u0105 stworzy\u0142 wraz z Dave'em Arnesonem oraz wyda\u0142 przy udziale w 1974 w wydawnictwie . Pomimo i\u017C nie by\u0142 jedyn\u0105 osob\u0105, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00F3rej powsta\u0142y gry fabularne, potocznie uwa\u017Ca si\u0119 go za \"ojca\" tego rodzaju rozrywki. By\u0142 tak\u017Ce tw\u00F3rc\u0105 gier bitewnych, wargamingowych i planszowych. Zapocz\u0105tkowa\u0142 konwent Gen Con."@pl . "\u0413\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0435\u043A\u0441"@uk . . . "Gary Gygax [\u02C8ga\u026A.g\u00E6ks], n\u00E9 le 27 juillet 1938 \u00E0 Chicago et mort le 4 mars 2008 \u00E0 Lake Geneva, est un \u00E9crivain am\u00E9ricain et un concepteur de jeux dans le domaine du jeu de r\u00F4le sur table. Il est surtout connu pour avoir co\u00E9crit, avec Dave Arneson, le premier et le plus c\u00E9l\u00E8bre jeu de r\u00F4le sur table : Donjons et Dragons (abr\u00E9v. D&D ; en anglais : Dungeons & Dragons). En France, Gygax est souvent consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme le p\u00E8re du jeu de r\u00F4le moderne, ayant r\u00E9dig\u00E9 les r\u00E8gles du premier jeu de r\u00F4le sur table publi\u00E9, \u00E0 partir de l'exp\u00E9rience de jeu que lui a pr\u00E9sent\u00E9 Dave Arneson dont le r\u00F4le est moins reconnu."@fr . . "Ernest Gary Gygax [\u02C8ga\u026A.g\u00E6ks] (* 27. Juli 1938 in Chicago, Illinois; \u2020 4. M\u00E4rz 2008 in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin) war ein US-amerikanischer Spieleautor und einer der Erfinder des Pen-&-Paper-Rollenspiels Dungeons & Dragons."@de . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 luglio 1938 \u2013 Lake Geneva, 4 marzo 2008) \u00E8 stato un autore di giochi e scrittore statunitense.\u00C8 conosciuto soprattutto per avere creato, insieme a Dave Arneson, il gioco di ruolo fantasy Dungeons & Dragons, e per aver fondato, con Don Kaye, la casa editrice Tactical Studies Rules. Si \u00E8 sposato due volte e ha avuto sei figli. Nel 2004 soffr\u00EC due ictus, evitando di stretta misura un infarto, successivamente gli venne diagnosticato un aneurisma dell'aorta addominale, che nel marzo 2008 fu la causa della sua morte."@it . . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax, f\u00F6dd 27 juli 1938 i Chicago, Illinois, d\u00F6d 4 mars 2008 i , Wisconsin, var en amerikansk speldesigner och f\u00F6rfattare. Han \u00E4r mest k\u00E4nd som upphovsman till Dungeons & Dragons, v\u00E4rldens f\u00F6rsta kommersiellt tillg\u00E4ngliga rollspel, tillsammans med Dave Arneson."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "\u042D\u0440\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u044D\u0440\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Ernest Gary Gygax; 27 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1938 \u2014 4 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 2008) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440, \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044B Dungeons & Dragons, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043E\u043D \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043B \u0432 1974 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0441 . \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043E\u0442\u0446\u043E\u043C \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440. \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044B \u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043B \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0412 2004 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043E\u043D \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043D\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430, \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0443 \u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E , \u043E\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 2008 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430."@ru . . "\u30B2\u30A4\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9"@ja . "Ernest Gary Gygax (/\u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks/ GHY-gaks; July 27, 1938 \u2013 March 4, 2008) was an American game designer and author best known for co-creating the pioneering role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) with Dave Arneson. In the 1960s, Gygax created an organization of wargaming clubs and founded the Gen Con gaming convention. In 1971, he helped develop Chainmail, a miniatures wargame based on medieval warfare. He co-founded the company Tactical Studies Rules (TSR, Inc.) with childhood friend Don Kaye in 1973. The following year, he and Arneson created D&D, which expanded on Gygax's Chainmail and included elements of the fantasy stories he loved as a child. In the same year, he founded The Dragon, a magazine based around the new game. In 1977, Gygax began work on a more comprehensive version of the game, called Advanced Dungeons & Dragons. Gygax designed numerous manuals for the game system, as well as several pre-packaged adventures called \"modules\" that gave a person running a D&D game (the \"Dungeon Master\") a rough script and ideas on how to run a particular gaming scenario. In 1983, he worked to license the D&D product line into the successful D&D cartoon series. After leaving TSR in 1986 over issues with its new majority owner, Gygax continued to create role-playing game titles independently, beginning with the multi-genre Dangerous Journeys in 1992. He designed another gaming system called Lejendary Adventure, released in 1999. In 2005, Gygax was involved in the Castles & Crusades role-playing game, which was conceived as a hybrid between the third edition of D&D and the original version of the game conceived by Gygax. Gygax was married twice and had six children. In 2004, Gygax suffered two strokes and narrowly avoided a subsequent heart attack; he was then diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and died in March 2008."@en . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, Illinois; 27 de julio de 1938-Lake Geneva, Wisconsin; 4 de marzo de 2008) fue un escritor estadounidense y dise\u00F1ador de juegos, conocido por ser uno de los creadores del juego de rol Dungeons & Dragons junto a Dave Arneson, y uno de los cofundadores de la empresa TSR, Inc. con en 1974. Muchos lo consideran el padre de los juegos de rol.\u200B"@es . . "Gary Gygax"@ca . "Gary Gygax"@en . . . "Gary Gygax"@eo . . . . . . . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (27. \u010Dervence 1938, Chicago \u2013 4. b\u0159ezna 2008) byl americk\u00FD tv\u016Frce a design\u00E9r hern\u00EDch syst\u00E9m\u016F, jen\u017E se proslavil v roce 1974 jako spolutv\u016Frce prvotn\u00EDho RPG syst\u00E9mu Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) spole\u010Dn\u011B s . S zalo\u017Eil roku 1973 spole\u010Dnost (TSR, Inc.). Pot\u00E9, co firmu TSR opustil, pokra\u010Doval s\u00E1m jako tv\u016Frce RPG titul\u016F, v\u010Detn\u011B hern\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu . Gygax je v\u0161eobecn\u011B zn\u00E1m jako jeden z otc\u016F RPG syst\u00E9m\u016F."@cs . . . . . . "Role-playing games, fantasy, wargames"@en . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 de juliol de 1938 \u2013 Lake Geneva (Wisconsin), 4 de mar\u00E7 de 2008) fou un escriptor i autor de jocs nord-americ\u00E0, conegut per ser el co-creador de Dungeons & Dragons juntament amb Dave Arneson. Sovint se'l descriu com el pare de D&D. Els anys 60 Gygax cre\u00E0 una organitzaci\u00F3 de clubs de jocs de guerra i fund\u00E0 la convenci\u00F3 de jocs . El 1972 ajud\u00E0 a desenvolupar Chainmail, un joc de guerra de miniatures ambientat amb armament medieval. Va co-fundar la companyia Tactical Studies Rules (TSR, Inc.) amb el seu amic de la inf\u00E0ncia el 1973. L'any seg\u00FCent va crear D&D juntament amb Arneson, que expandia Chainmail i inclo\u00EFa elements de les hist\u00F2ries fant\u00E0stiques que li encantaven de petit. Aquell mateix any va fundar , una revista sobre el joc que acabaven de crear. El 1977 Gygax comen\u00E7\u00E0 a treballar en una versi\u00F3 m\u00E9s entenedora del joc, anomenada . Gygax va dissenyar m\u00FAltiples manuals pel sistema de joc, aix\u00ED com bastantes aventures prefabricades anomenades \"modules\" que proporcionaven al Dungeon Master consells i idees per dirigir un cert escenari. El 1983 va treballar per llicenciar la l\u00EDnia de productes D&D a fer una s\u00E8rie de c\u00F2mics, que resultaria exitosa."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gary Gygax"@nl . . . . "September 2019"@en . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 juli 1938 \u2013 Lake Geneva, 4 maart 2008) was een Amerikaans schrijver, spelontwerper en zakenman die vooral bekend is geworden als ontwikkelaar van het rollenspel Dungeons & Dragons. Gygax werd geboren als zoon van de Zwitserse immigrant Martin Gygax en een Amerikaanse moeder. Als vijfjarige was hij al ge\u00EFnteresseerd in schaken en andere spellen. Hij speelde oorlogssimulatiespellen en richtte in 1966 met Bill Speer en Scott Duncan de op. Met Mike Reese, Leon Tucker en zijn jeugdvriend Don Kaye richtte hij de Lake Geneva Tactical Studies Association op."@nl . . . "Gary Gygax"@cs . "Ernest Gary Gygax (/\u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks/ GHY-gaks; July 27, 1938 \u2013 March 4, 2008) was an American game designer and author best known for co-creating the pioneering role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) with Dave Arneson. Gygax was married twice and had six children. In 2004, Gygax suffered two strokes and narrowly avoided a subsequent heart attack; he was then diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and died in March 2008."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax [\u02C8ga\u026A.g\u00E6ks] (* 27. Juli 1938 in Chicago, Illinois; \u2020 4. M\u00E4rz 2008 in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin) war ein US-amerikanischer Spieleautor und einer der Erfinder des Pen-&-Paper-Rollenspiels Dungeons & Dragons."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u52A0\u91CC\u00B7\u5409\u76D6\u514B\u65AF"@zh . "\u0415\u0301\u0440\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0456 \u0413\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0433\u0435\u043A\u0441 (\u0413\u0456\u0301\u0433\u0430\u043A\u0441) (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Ernest Gary Gygax, US: [\u02C8\u025Crn\u0259st \u02C8g\u025Bri \u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks]) (27 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1938 \u2014 4 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044F 2008) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0433\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043D\u0435\u0440, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u0441\u043F\u0456\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0438 Dungeons & Dragons."@uk . . . . "Ernest Gary GYGAX (/ \u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks / GAJ-gaks; 27-a de julio 1938 - 4-a de marto 2008) estis usona luddezajnisto kaj a\u016Dtoro, plej konata kiel la kunkreinto de la pionira surtabla rolludo, Drakoj kaj Galerioj (en angla: Dungeons & Dragons, D&D) kune kun ."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Writer, game designer"@en . . . . "1124860240"^^ . . "Gary Gygax"@it . "I'm very fond of the Medieval period, the Dark Ages in particular. We started playing in the period because I had found appropriate miniatures. I started devising rules where what the plastic figure was wearing was what he had. If he had a shield and no armor, then he just has a shield. Shields and half-armor = half-armor rules; full-armor figure = full armor rules. I did rules for weapons as well."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Gary Gygax"@pl . . . . "2008-03-04"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (ur. 27 lipca 1938 w Chicago, zm. 4 marca 2008 w ) \u2212 ameryka\u0144ski pisarz i tw\u00F3rca gier fabularnych, w tym najs\u0142ynniejszego jego dzie\u0142a, Dungeons & Dragons, kt\u00F3r\u0105 stworzy\u0142 wraz z Dave'em Arnesonem oraz wyda\u0142 przy udziale w 1974 w wydawnictwie . Pomimo i\u017C nie by\u0142 jedyn\u0105 osob\u0105, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00F3rej powsta\u0142y gry fabularne, potocznie uwa\u017Ca si\u0119 go za \"ojca\" tego rodzaju rozrywki. By\u0142 tak\u017Ce tw\u00F3rc\u0105 gier bitewnych, wargamingowych i planszowych. Zapocz\u0105tkowa\u0142 konwent Gen Con."@pl . . "no"@en . "\u0413\u0430\u0439\u0433\u044D\u043A\u0441, \u0413\u044D\u0440\u0438"@ru . . . . . . . . "\"Father of role-playing games\""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Chicago, Illinois, U.S."@en . "\u30B2\u30A4\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Ernest Gary Gygax,[\u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks],GY-gaks\u30011938\u5E747\u670827\u65E5 - 2008\u5E743\u67084\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u4F5C\u5BB6\u3001\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30CA\u30FC\u3002\u30B7\u30AB\u30B4\u751F\u307E\u308C\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u3001\u7FFB\u8A33\u66F8\u304C\u30B2\u30A4\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u540D\u3067\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u305F\u3081\u300C\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u300D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3067\u306E\u767A\u97F3\u306F\u300C\u30AC\u30A4\u30AC\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u300D[\u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks] \u306B\u8FD1\u3044\u3002\u4E16\u754C\u521D\u306B\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u6709\u540D\u306A\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u30D7\u30EC\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u300E\u30C0\u30F3\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30BA&\u30C9\u30E9\u30B4\u30F3\u30BA\u300F\u306A\u3069\u306E\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3\u3067\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u3001\u300C\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u30D7\u30EC\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306E\u7236\uFF08\u306E\u3072\u3068\u308A\uFF09\u300D\u3068\u8CDE\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 1960\u5E74\u4EE3\u3001\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306F\u30A6\u30A9\u30FC\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30FB\u30AF\u30E9\u30D6\u306E\u56E3\u4F53\u3092\u4F5C\u308A\u300CGen Con\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30B3\u30F3\u30D9\u30F3\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u3092\u5275\u8A2D\u3057\u305F\u3002 1971\u5E74\u3001\u4E2D\u4E16\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u6226\u4E89\u3092\u518D\u73FE\u3059\u308B\u30DF\u30CB\u30C1\u30E5\u30A2\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u300E\u30C1\u30A7\u30A4\u30F3\u30E1\u30A4\u30EB\u300F\u3092\u5171\u540C\u5236\u4F5C\u3002 1973\u5E74\u3001\u5E7C\u306A\u3058\u307F\u306E\u30C9\u30F3\u30FB\u30B1\u30A4\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306BTSR\u793E(Tactical Studies Rules)\u3092\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3002 1974\u5E74\u3001\u524D\u8FF0\u306E\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u300E\u30C1\u30A7\u30A4\u30F3\u30E1\u30A4\u30EB\u300F\u3092\u62E1\u5F35\u3057\u3001\u5F7C\u304C\u81EA\u5206\u306E\u5B50\u4F9B\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u611B\u3057\u305F\u30D5\u30A1\u30F3\u30BF\u30B8\u30FC\u306E\u8981\u7D20\u3092\u7D44\u307F\u8FBC\u3093\u3067\u3001\u30C7\u30A4\u30F4\u30FB\u30A2\u30FC\u30F3\u30BD\u30F3\u3068\u5171\u306B\u4E16\u754C\u6700\u521D\u306E\u30C6\u30FC\u30D6\u30EB\u30C8\u30FC\u30AFRPG\u300E\u30C0\u30F3\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30BA&\u30C9\u30E9\u30B4\u30F3\u30BA\u300F\u3092\u5275\u9020\u3057\u305F\u3002\u5F7C\u306F\u3055\u3089\u306B\u3001\u65B0\u3057\u3044\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u3092\u30B5\u30DD\u30FC\u30C8\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u3001\u96D1\u8A8C\u300C\u30C9\u30E9\u30B4\u30F3\u300D\u3092\u5275\u520A\u3057\u305F\u30021977\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u3001\u3088\u308A\u5E83\u7BC4\u56F2\u306B\u6E21\u308B\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u306E\u4ED5\u4E8B\u306B\u7740\u624B\u3057\u3001\u300E\u30A2\u30C9\u30D0\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30FB\u30C0\u30F3\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30BA&\u30C9\u30E9\u30B4\u30F3\u30BA\u300F\u3092\u751F\u307F\u51FA\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306F\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u975E\u5E38\u306B\u591A\u3044\u30DE\u30CB\u30E5\u30A2\u30EB\u3092\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3\u3057\u3001D&D\u3092\u904A\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308B\u4EBA\uFF08\u30C0\u30F3\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30DE\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\uFF09\u306B\u5411\u3051\u3001\u8A73\u7D30\u306A\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30B7\u30CA\u30EA\u30AA\u3092\u8D70\u3089\u305B\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u7C21\u5358\u306A\u53F0\u672C\u3084\u30A2\u30A4\u30C7\u30A2\u3092\u3001\u300C\u30E2\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EB\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3001\u305D\u308C\u305E\u308C\u306B\u30D1\u30C3\u30B1\u30FC\u30B8\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30A2\u30C9\u30D9\u30F3\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u305F\u30021983\u5E74\u3001\u5F7C\u306FD&D\u306ETV\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u30B7\u30EA\u30FC\u30BA(en:Dungeons & Dragons (TV series))\u306E\u30E9\u30A4\u30BB\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u50CD\u304D\u3001\u6210\u529F\u306B\u5C0E\u3044\u305F\uFF08\u3061\u306A\u307F\u306B\u3053\u306E\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u306F\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u6771\u6620\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u304C\u5236\u4F5C\u3057\u305F\uFF09\u3002 \u65B0\u305F\u306A\u904E\u534A\u6570\u306E\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3068\u554F\u984C\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066\u30011985\u5E74\u306BTSR\u793E\u3092\u9000\u793E\u5F8C\u3001\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306F\u72EC\u7ACB\u3057\u3066\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u30D7\u30EC\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30FB\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306E\u8457\u4F5C\u3092\u7D9A\u3051\u30011992\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u30DE\u30EB\u30C1\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3\u30EB\u306ERPG\u300C\u30C7\u30F3\u30B8\u30E3\u30E9\u30B9\u30FB\u30B8\u30E3\u30FC\u30CB\u30FC\u30BA\u300D(en:Dangerous Journeys)\u3092\u59CB\u3081\u305F\u3002\u5F7C\u304C\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3\u3057\u305F\u5225\u306E\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30FB\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u306F\u300C\u30EC\u30B8\u30A7\u30F3\u30C0\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30A2\u30C9\u30F4\u30A7\u30F3\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u300D(en:Lejendary Adventure)\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u30011999\u5E74\u306B\u767A\u58F2\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30022005\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306F\u3053\u306E\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306E\u7B2C3\u7248\u306E\u30EB\u30FC\u30EB\u3068\u3001\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306E\u53E4\u5178\u7684\u306A\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u3068\u306E\u9593\u306E\u30CF\u30A4\u30D6\u30EA\u30C3\u30C9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u3048\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u305F\u300C\u30AD\u30E3\u30C3\u30B9\u30EB\u30BA&\u30AF\u30EB\u30BB\u30A4\u30BA\u300D(en:Castles & Crusades)\u306B\u6DF1\u304F\u95A2\u308F\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306F2\u5EA6\u306E\u7D50\u5A5A\u3067\u30016\u4EBA\u306E\u5B50\u4F9B\u3092\u3082\u3046\u3051\u305F\u30022004\u5E74\u306B\u7D9A\u3051\u30662\u5EA6\u306E\u8133\u6897\u585E\u3092\u767A\u75C7\u3057\u3001\u305D\u308C\u306B\u4F34\u3046\u5FC3\u7B4B\u6897\u585E\u304B\u3089\u3082\u304B\u308D\u3046\u3058\u3066\u56DE\u5FA9\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5F8C\u306B\u8179\u90E8\u5927\u52D5\u8108\u7624\u3068\u8A3A\u65AD\u3055\u308C\u308B\u30022008\u5E743\u67084\u65E5\u306B\u6B7B\u53BB\u300269\u6B73\u3060\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . "Dungeons & Dragons co-creator Gary Gygax dies"@en . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 de juliol de 1938 \u2013 Lake Geneva (Wisconsin), 4 de mar\u00E7 de 2008) fou un escriptor i autor de jocs nord-americ\u00E0, conegut per ser el co-creador de Dungeons & Dragons juntament amb Dave Arneson. Sovint se'l descriu com el pare de D&D."@ca . . "\u52A0\u91CC\u00B7\u5409\u76D6\u514B\u65AF\uFF0C\uFF08Gary Gygax\uFF0C1938\u5E747\u670827\u65E5\uFF0D2008\u5E743\u67084\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u51FA\u751F\u65BC\u829D\u52A0\u54E5\u7684\u5FB7\u88D4\u5BB6\u5EAD\uFF0C\u66FE\u4EFB\u4FDD\u96AA\u63A8\u92B7\u54E1\uFF0C\u300A\u9F8D\u8207\u5730\u4E0B\u57CE\u300B\u5275\u59CB\u8005\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u5BEB\u904E\u5947\u5E7B\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u4E5F\u5275\u4F5C\u4E00\u7A2E\u540D\u70BA\u9F8D\u68CB\u7684\u570B\u969B\u8C61\u68CB\u8B8A\u9AD4\u3002"@zh . . . . "1971"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u52A0\u91CC\u00B7\u5409\u76D6\u514B\u65AF\uFF0C\uFF08Gary Gygax\uFF0C1938\u5E747\u670827\u65E5\uFF0D2008\u5E743\u67084\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u51FA\u751F\u65BC\u829D\u52A0\u54E5\u7684\u5FB7\u88D4\u5BB6\u5EAD\uFF0C\u66FE\u4EFB\u4FDD\u96AA\u63A8\u92B7\u54E1\uFF0C\u300A\u9F8D\u8207\u5730\u4E0B\u57CE\u300B\u5275\u59CB\u8005\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u5BEB\u904E\u5947\u5E7B\u5C0F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u4E5F\u5275\u4F5C\u4E00\u7A2E\u540D\u70BA\u9F8D\u68CB\u7684\u570B\u969B\u8C61\u68CB\u8B8A\u9AD4\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, 27 juli 1938 \u2013 Lake Geneva, 4 maart 2008) was een Amerikaans schrijver, spelontwerper en zakenman die vooral bekend is geworden als ontwikkelaar van het rollenspel Dungeons & Dragons. Gygax werd geboren als zoon van de Zwitserse immigrant Martin Gygax en een Amerikaanse moeder. Als vijfjarige was hij al ge\u00EFnteresseerd in schaken en andere spellen. Hij speelde oorlogssimulatiespellen en richtte in 1966 met Bill Speer en Scott Duncan de op. Met Mike Reese, Leon Tucker en zijn jeugdvriend Don Kaye richtte hij de Lake Geneva Tactical Studies Association op. In 1971 ontwikkelde hij samen met Jeff Perren het spel Chainmail. Hieruit werd het rollenspel Dungeons & Dragons ontwikkeld, wat overigens door mede-auteur Dave Arneson wordt betwist. De eerste versie van Dungeons & Dragons werd in 1975 gepubliceerd door het bedrijf Tactical Studies Rules dat in 1973 door Gygax en Kaye was opgericht. In 1983 vertrok Gygax naar Hollywood om een op D&D gebaseerde tekenfilm te maken (zie Dungeons & Dragons). De film flopte echter en Tactical Studies Rules, in 1983 omgedoopt in TSR, Inc. werd geherstructureerd. Gygax verliet het bedrijf in 1985. Hij behield aanvankelijk 51% van de aandelen, maar gaf de helft aan zijn vrouw en verkocht later zijn aandelen om New Infinity Productions te kunnen beginnen. Gygax ontwikkelde later de spellen Dangerous Journeys (1992) en Legendary Adventure (1999). Hij overleed op 69-jarige leeftijd."@nl . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . "\u30B2\u30A4\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Ernest Gary Gygax,[\u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks],GY-gaks\u30011938\u5E747\u670827\u65E5 - 2008\u5E743\u67084\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u4F5C\u5BB6\u3001\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30CA\u30FC\u3002\u30B7\u30AB\u30B4\u751F\u307E\u308C\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u3001\u7FFB\u8A33\u66F8\u304C\u30B2\u30A4\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u540D\u3067\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u305F\u3081\u300C\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u300D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u3067\u306E\u767A\u97F3\u306F\u300C\u30AC\u30A4\u30AC\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u300D[\u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks] \u306B\u8FD1\u3044\u3002\u4E16\u754C\u521D\u306B\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u6709\u540D\u306A\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u30D7\u30EC\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u300E\u30C0\u30F3\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30BA&\u30C9\u30E9\u30B4\u30F3\u30BA\u300F\u306A\u3069\u306E\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3\u3067\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u3001\u300C\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u30D7\u30EC\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u306E\u7236\uFF08\u306E\u3072\u3068\u308A\uFF09\u300D\u3068\u8CDE\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 1960\u5E74\u4EE3\u3001\u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306F\u30A6\u30A9\u30FC\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30FB\u30AF\u30E9\u30D6\u306E\u56E3\u4F53\u3092\u4F5C\u308A\u300CGen Con\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u30B3\u30F3\u30D9\u30F3\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u3092\u5275\u8A2D\u3057\u305F\u3002 1971\u5E74\u3001\u4E2D\u4E16\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u306E\u6226\u4E89\u3092\u518D\u73FE\u3059\u308B\u30DF\u30CB\u30C1\u30E5\u30A2\u30B2\u30FC\u30E0\u300E\u30C1\u30A7\u30A4\u30F3\u30E1\u30A4\u30EB\u300F\u3092\u5171\u540C\u5236\u4F5C\u3002 1973\u5E74\u3001\u5E7C\u306A\u3058\u307F\u306E\u30C9\u30F3\u30FB\u30B1\u30A4\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306BTSR\u793E(Tactical Studies Rules)\u3092\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3002 \u30AC\u30A4\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u306F2\u5EA6\u306E\u7D50\u5A5A\u3067\u30016\u4EBA\u306E\u5B50\u4F9B\u3092\u3082\u3046\u3051\u305F\u30022004\u5E74\u306B\u7D9A\u3051\u30662\u5EA6\u306E\u8133\u6897\u585E\u3092\u767A\u75C7\u3057\u3001\u305D\u308C\u306B\u4F34\u3046\u5FC3\u7B4B\u6897\u585E\u304B\u3089\u3082\u304B\u308D\u3046\u3058\u3066\u56DE\u5FA9\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u5F8C\u306B\u8179\u90E8\u5927\u52D5\u8108\u7624\u3068\u8A3A\u65AD\u3055\u308C\u308B\u30022008\u5E743\u67084\u65E5\u306B\u6B7B\u53BB\u300269\u6B73\u3060\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "Gail Carpenter"@en . . . . . . . . . . "12848"^^ . "Gary Gygax"@es . "Oak Hill Cemetery"@en . . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax (Chicago, Illinois; 27 de julio de 1938-Lake Geneva, Wisconsin; 4 de marzo de 2008) fue un escritor estadounidense y dise\u00F1ador de juegos, conocido por ser uno de los creadores del juego de rol Dungeons & Dragons junto a Dave Arneson, y uno de los cofundadores de la empresa TSR, Inc. con en 1974. Muchos lo consideran el padre de los juegos de rol.\u200B"@es . . "84551"^^ . "Gary Gygax"@sv . . "A man in his late sixties. He has a beard, glasses, and is wearing a Hawaiian shirt."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ernest Gary GYGAX (/ \u02C8\u0261a\u026A\u0261\u00E6ks / GAJ-gaks; 27-a de julio 1938 - 4-a de marto 2008) estis usona luddezajnisto kaj a\u016Dtoro, plej konata kiel la kunkreinto de la pionira surtabla rolludo, Drakoj kaj Galerioj (en angla: Dungeons & Dragons, D&D) kune kun ."@eo . . . . . . . . . "Gary Gygax"@de . "Gary Gygax"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mary Jo Powell"@en . . . "Arneson and his players said he didn't use Chainmail long in Blackmoor"@en . . "2008"^^ . . . "Ernest Gary Gygax"@en . "1971"^^ . . . . . . . . .