. . . . . "Kingdom of France" . . . . . . . . . . . . "Oneida" . . . . . . . . . "Great Britain:"@en . . "German troops:" . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States:"@en . . "Bernardo de G\u00E1lvez"@en . . . . . . . "La guerre d'ind\u00E9pendance des \u00C9tats-Unis (en anglais : American War of Independence), \u00E9galement d\u00E9sign\u00E9e aux \u00C9tats-Unis comme la guerre de la r\u00E9volution am\u00E9ricaine (American Revolutionary War), qui oppose les Treize Colonies, un groupe de colonies frontali\u00E8res d'Am\u00E9rique du Nord, au royaume de Grande-Bretagne, de 1775 \u00E0 1783, est l'un des processus de la r\u00E9volution am\u00E9ricaine qui voit les \u00C9tats-Unis s'\u00E9manciper de l'Empire britannique et acc\u00E9der \u00E0 l'ind\u00E9pendance en fondant une r\u00E9publique f\u00E9d\u00E9rale. La guerre entra\u00EEne \u00E0 partir de 1777 d'autres puissances europ\u00E9ennes, dont la France par l'interm\u00E9diaire de La Fayette. Elle influence aussi l'histoire du Canada, alors en majorit\u00E9 francophone (environ 90 000 francophones), o\u00F9 se r\u00E9fugient 50 000 loyalistes \u00E0 la Couronne britannique tandis que 20 000 autres optent pour les colonies des Cara\u00EFbes. La France fournit des soldats, du mat\u00E9riel, des dons et des pr\u00EAts aux insurg\u00E9s. Elle s'engage ensuite officiellement en 1778. L'aide fran\u00E7aise navale et terrestre et le soutien de ses alli\u00E9s contribuent \u00E0 la victoire am\u00E9ricaine, notamment \u00E0 la bataille de Yorktown. Le trait\u00E9 de Paris de 1783 reconna\u00EEt l'ind\u00E9pendance des \u00C9tats-Unis d'Am\u00E9rique, qui avait \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9clar\u00E9e le 4 juillet 1776 par le Congr\u00E8s continental."@fr . "Eastern North America, North Atlantic Ocean, the West Indies"@en . . . "\u0412\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0428\u0410"@ru . . . . . . . "Native Americans:"@en . . . . "\uBBF8\uAD6D \uB3C5\uB9BD \uC804\uC7C1"@ko . "\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 (1775\u20131783)\u060C \u0648\u062A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627\u064B \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: American Revolutionary War)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u062D\u0631\u0628 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0628\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629."@ar . . "Great Britain:" . . . . . . . . . "771"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Co-belligerents" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AAmerican War of Independence \u6216 American Revolution War\uFF1B1775\u5E74\u20141783\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31\u7F8E\u570B\u9769\u547D\u6230\u722D\uFF08American Revolutionary War\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u5927\u82F1\u5E1D\u570B\u8207\u6E96\u5099\u7368\u7ACB\u7684\u7F8E\u5229\u5805\u53CA\u6B27\u6D32\u5F3A\u56FD\u6CD5\u570B\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u4E00\u5834\u6230\u722D\u3002 \u9019\u5834\u6230\u722D\u4E3B\u8981\u59CB\u65BC\u5317\u7F8E\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u70BA\u4E86\u5C0D\u6297\u82F1\u570B\u58D3\u8FEB\u6027\u7684\u91CD\u5546\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7D93\u6FDF\u653F\u7B56\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u6C7A\u5B9A\u4EE5\u6B66\u88DD\u9769\u547D\u5C0B\u6C42\u7368\u7ACB\uFF0C\u4F46\u5F8C\u4F86\u537B\u56E0\u70BA\u6CD5\u570B\u52A0\u5165\u6230\u722D\u5C0D\u6297\u82F1\u570B\uFF0C\u800C\u4F7F\u6230\u722D\u7684\u7BC4\u570D\u9060\u9060\u8D85\u904E\u82F1\u5C6C\u5317\u7F8E\u6D32\u4E4B\u5916\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u82F1\u570B\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8207\u7576\u5730\u7684\u5370\u5730\u5B89\u4EBA\u7D50\u76DF\uFF0C\u4EE5\u589E\u52A0\u52E2\u529B\u3002\u5728\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\u521D\u671F\uFF0C\u82F1\u570B\u5C1A\u80FD\u5920\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7687\u5BB6\u6D77\u8ECD\u8239\u5805\u70AE\u5229\u7684\u512A\u52E2\u63A7\u5236\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u7684\u6CBF\u6D77\u57CE\u5E02\uFF0C\u4F46\u5C0D\u65BC\u5982\u4F55\u63A7\u5236\u5167\u9678\u5730\u5340\u3001\u53CA\u61C9\u5C0D\u76E4\u64DA\u5167\u9678\u3001\u719F\u6089\u5730\u5F62\u3001\u9A4D\u52C7\u5584\u6230\u7684\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u6C11\u5175\u537B\u675F\u624B\u7121\u7B56\u3002\u96A8\u8457\u6CD5\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u5728\u5207\u85A9\u76AE\u514B\u6D77\u6230\u5927\u6377\u596A\u5F97\u5236\u6D77\u6B0A\uFF0C\u82F1\u8ECD\u65BC1781\u5E74\u7684\u7D04\u514B\u93AE\u4E4B\u570D\u57CE\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\u6158\u6557\u6295\u964D\uFF0C\u4E26\u65BC1783\u5E74\u88AB\u8FEB\u7C3D\u8A02\u300A\u5DF4\u9ECE\u689D\u7D04\u300B\u627F\u8A8D\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u3002 \u4F46\u5F8C\u4F86\u56E0\u70BA\u5927\u91CF\u6548\u5FE0\u6D3E\u65BC\u6230\u5F8C\u7531\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u9003\u81F3\u5317\u65B9\u7684\u82F1\u5C6C\u5317\u7F8E\uFF08\u52A0\u62FF\u5927\uFF09\uFF0C\u53CD\u800C\u5C0E\u81F4\u65B0\u5EFA\u570B\u7684\u7F8E\u570B\u5728\u7ACB\u570B\u5F8C\u7D93\u6FDF\u56F0\u9813\u856D\u689D\u3001\u751A\u81F3\u65BC\u51AC\u5B63\u51FA\u73FE\u75AB\u6F6E\u53CA\u98E2\u8352\uFF0C\u800C\u4ECD\u4F5C\u70BA\u82F1\u570B\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u7684\u52A0\u62FF\u5927\u5247\u51FA\u73FE\u77ED\u66AB\u7684\u8208\u65FA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Seminole" . "\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3069\u304F\u308A\u3064\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\u3001\u82F1: American War of Independence\uFF09\u306F\u30011775\u5E744\u670819\u65E5\u304B\u30891783\u5E749\u67083\u65E5\u307E\u3067\u306E\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u672C\u56FD\uFF08\u30B0\u30EC\u30FC\u30C8\u30D6\u30EA\u30C6\u30F3\u738B\u56FD\uFF09\u3068\u5317\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u6771\u90E8\u6CBF\u5CB8\u306E\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u9818\u306E13\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u3068\u306E\u6226\u4E89\u3002 \u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3067\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u9769\u547D\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u304B\u304F\u3081\u3044\u3001\u82F1: American Revolution\uFF09\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u9769\u547D\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3069\u304F\u308A\u3064\u304B\u304F\u3081\u3044\u3001\u82F1: American Independence Revolution\uFF09\u3082\u3057\u304F\u306F\u9769\u547D\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u304B\u304F\u3081\u3044\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\u3001\u82F1: Revolutionary War\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u65B9\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u3067\u306F\u3001\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u306A\u304A\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u6559\u79D1\u66F8\u3067\u306F\u3001\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308C\u3070\u3001\u5358\u306B\u300C\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u3053\u306E\u6226\u4E89\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u306E\u4F4F\u6C11\u306F\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u652F\u914D\u3092\u62D2\u5426\u3057\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\uFF08United States\uFF09\u3092\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u72EC\u7ACB\u306B\u5C0E\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u6210\u529F\u3057\u305F\u30021775\u5E74\u3001\u9769\u547D\u6D3E\u306F13\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u653F\u5E9C\u306E\u5168\u3066\u3092\u638C\u63E1\u3059\u308B\u3068\u5171\u306B\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u653F\u6CBB\u3068\u7ACB\u6CD5\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3059\u308B\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u5927\u9678\u4F1A\u8B70\u3068\u8ECD\u4E8B\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3059\u308B\u5927\u9678\u8ECD\u3092\u767A\u8DB3\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3002 \u7FCC\u5E74\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u5BA3\u8A00\u3092\u767A\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6B63\u5F0F\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56FD\u5BB6\u3092\u5F62\u4F5C\u3063\u305F\u3002\u6226\u4E89\u306E\u5168\u671F\u9593\u3092\u901A\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306F\u512A\u52E2\u306A\u6D77\u8ECD\u529B\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u6771\u6D77\u5CB8\u6CBF\u6D77\u3092\u5236\u3057\u3001\u6D77\u5CB8\u306B\u8FD1\u3044\u5E7E\u3064\u304B\u306E\u90FD\u5E02\u3092\u5360\u9818\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u9678\u8ECD\u306E\u5175\u6570\u306F\u6BD4\u8F03\u7684\u5C11\u306A\u304F\u3001\u652F\u914D\u5730\u57DF\u306F\u9650\u5B9A\u7684\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5927\u9678\u8ECD\u304C\u30B5\u30E9\u30C8\u30AC\u306E\u6226\u3044\u3067\u52DD\u5229\u3057\u3066\u9593\u3082\u306A\u30441778\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u304C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5074\u306B\u4ED8\u3044\u3066\u53C2\u6226\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u3084\u30CD\u30FC\u30C7\u30EB\u30E9\u30F3\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u56FD\uFF08\u30AA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C0\uFF09\u3082\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306E2\u5E74\u4EE5\u5185\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5074\u306B\u4ED8\u3044\u305F\u30021781\u5E74\u306B\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u6D77\u8ECD\u304C\u30C1\u30A7\u30B5\u30D4\u30FC\u30AF\u6E7E\u306E\u6D77\u6226\u3067\u52DD\u5229\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3092\u304D\u3063\u304B\u3051\u306B\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5927\u9678\u8ECD\u3068\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u738B\u56FD\u6D3E\u9063\u8ECD\u306F1781\u5E74\u306E\u30E8\u30FC\u30AF\u30BF\u30A6\u30F3\u306E\u6226\u3044\u3067\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u8ECD\u3092\u964D\u4F0F\u3055\u305B\u3001\u5B9F\u8CEA\u7684\u306A\u6226\u95D8\u306F\u7D42\u4E86\u3057\u305F\u3002 1783\u5E74\u306E\u30D1\u30EA\u6761\u7D04\u3067\u6226\u4E89\u304C\u7D42\u7D50\u3057\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u72EC\u7ACB\u3092\u6B63\u5F0F\u306B\u8A8D\u3081\u305F\u3002 \u72EC\u7ACB\u306E\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u80CC\u666F\u3084\u5F71\u97FF\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u72EC\u7ACB\u300D\u3092\u3001\u5916\u4EA4\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5916\u4EA4\u300D\u3092\u3001\u6D77\u4E0A\u6226\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u306E\u6D77\u8ECD\u4F5C\u6226\u884C\u52D5\u300D\u3092\u3001\u60C5\u5831\u6226\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u306E\u60C5\u5831\u6226\u7565\u300D\u3092\u53C2\u7167"@ja . . . . "The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 \u2013 September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "----" . "New York" . . "Combatants" . . . . "Benedict Arnold"@en . . . . . "France:"@en . . . "308267"^^ . . . "--04-19"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "border|15px (Br. Canadien mil., Fr. led)"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "American Revolutionary War"@en . . "Native Americans: unknown" . . . . . . . . . . "Rochambeau"@en . . . . . . . . "the Atlantic Revolutions, American Revolution"@en . "North Carolina" . . . . . . . . . "De Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog (1775-1783) was de oorlog tussen Groot-Brittanni\u00EB en haar dertien koloni\u00EBn in Noord-Amerika die later de Verenigde Staten zouden vormen. De oorlog was een onderdeel van de Amerikaanse Revolutie en resulteerde in de onafhankelijkheid van de Verenigde Staten."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Lenape" . . "Muscogee" . . "A Guerra de Independ\u00EAncia dos Estados Unidos, Guerra Revolucion\u00E1ria Americana, Guerra Americana da Independ\u00EAncia, Guerra da Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Americana, ou simplesmente Guerra Revolucion\u00E1ria nos Estados Unidos, foi um conflito armado entre o Reino da Gr\u00E3-Bretanha e as Treze Col\u00F4nias na Am\u00E9rica do Norte, que haviam declarado sua independ\u00EAncia como os Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica. Logo ap\u00F3s a Guerra dos Sete Anos, come\u00E7ou a crescer nas col\u00F4nias brit\u00E2nicas na Am\u00E9rica um sentimento de descontentamento com a metr\u00F3pole, baseado em diferen\u00E7as filos\u00F3ficas e pol\u00EDticas exacerbadas com o azedamento dos la\u00E7os entre a Coroa e os povos da col\u00F4nia. Ap\u00F3s a introdu\u00E7\u00E3o da Lei do selo de 1765, os Patriotas (como se chamavam os americanos pr\u00F3-independ\u00EAncia) protestaram contra a ideia de \"tributa\u00E7\u00E3o sem representatividade\" e iniciaram boicotes contra os ingleses; um grupo conhecido como \"Filhos da Liberdade\" acabou destruindo um carregamento de ch\u00E1 no ancoradouro de Boston. O governo brit\u00E2nico respondeu fechando os portos da cidade e passou medidas punitivas contra Massachusetts. Os colonos, por sua vez, institu\u00EDram as \"Resolu\u00E7\u00F5es de Suffolk\", estabelecendo um governo paralelo para tentar tirar dos ingleses o controle das \u00E1reas fora da cidade de Boston. Representantes das col\u00F4nias americanas estabeleceram ent\u00E3o o Congresso Continental para coordenar os esfor\u00E7os de resist\u00EAncia e estabelecer comit\u00EAs e conven\u00E7\u00F5es para efetivamente tomar o poder. Em abril de 1775, os brit\u00E2nicos tentaram desarmar as mil\u00EDcias rebeldes que tomaram a zona rural de Massachusetts, precipitando o primeiro confronto armado da guerra. Os milicianos americanos ent\u00E3o cercaram Boston e, finalmente, em mar\u00E7o de 1776, for\u00E7aram os ingleses a evacuar. Ao mesmo tempo, os revolucion\u00E1rios tentaram invadir Quebec para tentar trazer os canadenses ao conflito, mas falharam. A 2 de julho de 1776, com a escalada da viol\u00EAncia por todas as Treze Col\u00F4nias, o Congresso Continental votou por independ\u00EAncia, proclamando-a dois dias depois, em 4 de julho. Sir William Howe, comandante do ex\u00E9rcito brit\u00E2nico nas Col\u00F4nias estadunidenses, ordenou um contra-ataque e suas for\u00E7as lan\u00E7aram uma invas\u00E3o ao norte, conquistando a cidade de Nova Iorque e partes de Nova J\u00E9rsei, abalando a moral dos revolucion\u00E1rios americanos. Contudo, vit\u00F3rias rebeldes em Trenton e Princeton restauraram a confian\u00E7a na causa americana. Em 1777, os brit\u00E2nicos, sob comando do general John Burgoyne, lan\u00E7aram uma grande campanha para limpar de rebeldes os estados de Nova Iorque e Vermont, isolando a regi\u00E3o da Nova Inglaterra. O comando ingl\u00EAs, por\u00E9m, n\u00E3o agiu de forma coesa, com o general Howe preferindo realizar uma campanha pr\u00F3pria, capturando a Filad\u00E9lfia. Sem apoio, Burgoyne acabou sendo derrotado na decisiva Batalha de Saratoga, em outubro de 1777. O resultado da campanha de Saratoga foi importante, pois convenceu a Fran\u00E7a (rival da Inglaterra) a entrar no conflito ao lado dos americanos em 1778. No ano seguinte, a Espanha, atrav\u00E9s do Pacte de Famille, se aliou aos franceses e aos americanos. Os brit\u00E2nicos tiveram de mudar de estrat\u00E9gia, com o general Charles Cornwallis movendo tropas para uma ampla campanha no sul, onde a presen\u00E7a lealista era mais forte, por\u00E9m isto n\u00E3o se traduziu em vantagem. Em 1780, as tens\u00F5es cresceram e amea\u00E7aram escalar o conflito para longe do continente americano, por exemplo com a deflagra\u00E7\u00E3o da Guerra Anglo-Holandesa. Os ingleses come\u00E7aram a sofrer uma s\u00E9rie de reveses (como na importante Batalha de Cowpens), for\u00E7ando Cornwallis a recuar at\u00E9 Yorktown, na Virg\u00EDnia, onde planejou uma evacua\u00E7\u00E3o. Ent\u00E3o, a marinha francesa derrotou a armada brit\u00E2nica em Chesapeake, cortando a rota de fuga dos ingleses. Um ex\u00E9rcito franco-americano, sob comando de Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau, o conde de Rochambeau, e George Washington marchou sobre Yorktown e for\u00E7ou a rendi\u00E7\u00E3o de Cornwallis e suas tropas. A guerra nas Treze Col\u00F4nias sempre dividiu opini\u00F5es no Parlamento Brit\u00E2nico, com os Whigs se opondo aos Tories, estes \u00FAltimos favor\u00E1veis \u00E0 continua\u00E7\u00E3o do conflito. Ap\u00F3s a rendi\u00E7\u00E3o de Cornwallis, em outubro de 1781, o movimento antiguerra na Inglaterra ganhou for\u00E7a. Em 1782, os parlamentares brit\u00E2nicos votaram por encerrar todas as opera\u00E7\u00F5es militares na Am\u00E9rica do Norte, embora as hostilidades que haviam se alastrado na Europa continuassem; o Reino Unido afinal derrotaria os espanh\u00F3is em Gibraltar e na Batalha do Cabo de S\u00E3o Vicente, enquanto tamb\u00E9m venciam os franceses na Batalha de Saintes. Na \u00CDndia, o Reino de Mysore havia se aliado aos franceses contra a Inglaterra, mas o conflito por l\u00E1 s\u00F3 terminou em 1784. Em 3 de setembro de 1783, os dois principais beligerantes assinaram o Tratado de Paris, formalmente encerrando a guerra, onde o Reino Unido reconheceu a soberania dos Estados Unidos como uma na\u00E7\u00E3o independente. O envolvimento da Fran\u00E7a no conflito se mostrou decisivo para a vit\u00F3ria americana, mas, no geral, os franceses ganharam muito pouco e viram sua economia entrar em colapso. A Espanha foi outra que, apesar de estar no lado dos vitoriosos, n\u00E3o conseguiu conquistar muita coisa. Os holandeses, que tamb\u00E9m estavam em guerra contra a Inglaterra, acabaram sofrendo grandes perdas financeiras e territoriais."@pt . . . "Thomas Gage"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Wojna o niepodleg\u0142o\u015B\u0107 Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Charles Cornwallis"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Maryland" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kingdom of Spain" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nordamerikanska frihetskriget (\u00E4ven k\u00E4nt som amerikanska frihetskriget) var det krig 1775\u20131783 genom vilket landet USA bildades och blev en sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndig stat. Kriget b\u00F6rjade som ett krig mellan Kungariket Storbritannien och de tretton brittiska kolonierna i Nordamerika och slutade i ett globalt krig mellan flera europeiska stormakter."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Perang Revolusi Amerika"@in . . . "Loyalists:"@en . . . . "Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat (1775\u20131783), Perang Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat, atau Perang Revolusi saja di Amerika Serikat, berawal sebagai sebuah perang antara Kerajaan Britania Raya dan Amerika Serikat yang baru berdiri, namun perlahan menjadi antara Britania di satu sisi dan Amerika Serikat, Prancis, Belanda, dan Spanyol di sisi lainnya. Perang ini dimenangkan oleh Amerika Serikat dengan hasil yang bercampur dengan kekuatan lainnya."@in . . . 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"Treaty belligerents" . . . . "Cayuga" . ""@en . "United States"@en . . . . "Dutch Republic" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Guerra d'indipendenza americana"@it . . . . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0428\u0410"@uk . "15px(Br. Canadien, Cong. rgts.)" . "Peyton Randolph"@en . . . . . . . "End of the First British Empire"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430\u0301 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0428\u0410 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. American Revolutionary War, American War of Independence), 1775\u20141783 \u2014 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 (\u043B\u043E\u044F\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B) \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0442 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1776 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 1778 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043A \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0413\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . "End of the First British Empire" . . . . . . . "----"@en . "La guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos fue un conflicto b\u00E9lico que enfrent\u00F3 a las Trece Colonias brit\u00E1nicas originales en Am\u00E9rica del Norte contra el Reino de Gran Breta\u00F1a. Ocurri\u00F3 entre 1775 y 1781, finalizando con la derrota brit\u00E1nica en la batalla de Yorktown y la firma del Tratado de Par\u00EDs. Durante esta guerra, Francia ayud\u00F3 a los revolucionarios estadounidenses con tropas terrestres comandadas por Rochambeau y por el Marqu\u00E9s de La Fayette y por flotas bajo el comando de marinos como Guichen, de Grasse y d'Estaing. Espa\u00F1a, por su parte, contribuy\u00F3 inicialmente y de forma clandestina con la Revoluci\u00F3n, desde la primavera y verano de 1776, gracias a Luis de Unzaga y Am\u00E9zaga, luego de su cu\u00F1ado Bernardo de G\u00E1lvez y de forma abierta a partir de la batalla de Saratoga, mediante las armas y los suministros proporcionados por los nav\u00EDos del comerciante Diego de Gardoqui, familiar del gobernador Unzaga, y abriendo un frente en el flanco sur. Las colonias brit\u00E1nicas que se independizaron de Gran Breta\u00F1a edificaron el primer sistema pol\u00EDtico liberal y democr\u00E1tico, alumbrando una nueva naci\u00F3n, los Estados Unidos de Am\u00E9rica, incorporando las nuevas ideas revolucionarias que propugnaban la igualdad y la libertad. Esta sociedad colonial se form\u00F3 a partir de oleadas de colonos inmigrados y no exist\u00EDan en ella los rasgos caracter\u00EDsticos del r\u00EDgido sistema estamental europeo. En las colonias del sur (Virginia, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur y Georgia) se hab\u00EDa organizado un sistema esclavista (con unos 500.000 esclavos negros) que explotaban plantaciones de tabaco, algod\u00F3n y az\u00FAcar. De este modo, la poblaci\u00F3n estaba compuesta por grandes y peque\u00F1os propietarios, as\u00ED como esclavos. Los antecedentes a la guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos se remontan a la rivalidad franco-brit\u00E1nica en Norteam\u00E9rica y a las consecuencias de la guerra de los Siete A\u00F1os, que termin\u00F3 en 1763. El 10 de febrero de ese a\u00F1o, el Tratado de Par\u00EDs puso fin al imperio colonial franc\u00E9s en Am\u00E9rica del Norte y consolid\u00F3 a Gran Breta\u00F1a como la potencia hegem\u00F3nica. En oposici\u00F3n solo ten\u00EDa a Espa\u00F1a, que controlaba Nueva Orleans, la ciudad m\u00E1s importante, con unos 10.000 habitantes. Respecto a Francia, la p\u00E9rdida territorial no fue sentida como algo catastr\u00F3fico. Se conservaban los derechos pesqueros en Terranova y la poblaci\u00F3n cat\u00F3lica franc\u00F3fona recibir\u00EDa un trato de respeto. Por otro lado, en la zona del Caribe las p\u00E9rdidas pod\u00EDan ser compensadas, pues la colonia principal francesa Saint-Domingue (La Espa\u00F1ola) con capital en Puerto Pr\u00EDncipe, produc\u00EDa la mitad del az\u00FAcar consumido en todo el mundo y su comercio con \u00C1frica y las Antillas estaba en pleno apogeo. Respecto a los colonos estadounidenses, la guerra modific\u00F3 radicalmente el panorama anterior. Los franc\u00F3fonos cat\u00F3licos de Quebec, tradicionales enemigos de los colonos estadounidenses de las trece colonias, recibieron un trato respetuoso por parte de las autoridades brit\u00E1nicas, que se confirm\u00F3 en 1774 cuando se dot\u00F3 a Canad\u00E1 de un estatuto particular dentro de las colonias estadounidenses, llev\u00E1ndose sus fronteras hasta la confluencia del Ohio y el Misisipi. Asimismo su poblaci\u00F3n conserv\u00F3 un derecho civil propio y la Iglesia cat\u00F3lica fue reconocida. Todos estos movimientos fueron mal aceptados por la poblaci\u00F3n de las Trece colonias. La causa inmediata de este conflicto fue el injusto trato que Gran Breta\u00F1a inflig\u00EDa a los colonos, pues estos aportaban riquezas e impuestos a la metr\u00F3poli pero no ten\u00EDan los medios para decidir sobre dichos impuestos, por lo que se sent\u00EDan marginados y no representados."@es . "United States:"@en . "indefinite"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "George Rogers Clark"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dutch Republic"@en . . "British recognition of U.S. independence" . . "19pxBrunswick" . . . . . . . . . . "Guerre d'ind\u00E9pendance des \u00C9tats-Unis"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . "United States" . . . "Lafayette"@en . . . . . "Benjamin Franklin"@en . . . . "New Jersey" . . "Mohican" . . "Horatio Gates"@en . . . 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\uB300\uB959\uD68C\uC758\uAC00 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uD22C\uD45C\uD588\uACE0, 7\uC6D4 4\uC77C \uBBF8\uAD6D \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC120\uC5B8\uC744 \uBC1C\uD45C\uD588\uB2E4. \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uD558\uC6B0\uB294 \uBC18\uACA9\uC744 \uAC1C\uC2DC\uD588\uACE0, \uC601\uAD6D\uAD70\uC740 \uB274\uC695\uC744 \uC810\uB839\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uD2B8\uB80C\uD134 \uC804\uD22C\uC640 \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC804\uD22C\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB85C \uBBF8\uAD70\uC758 \uC0AC\uAE30\uB294 \uB2E4\uC2DC \uC62C\uB77C\uAC14\uB2E4. 1777\uB144 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uC874 \uBC84\uACE0\uC778 \uC7A5\uAD70\uC740 \uC0AC\uB77C\uD1A0\uAC00 \uACF5\uC138\uB97C \uAC1C\uC2DC\uD574 \uB274\uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB97C \uACE0\uB9BD\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB824\uACE0 \uD588\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC791\uC804\uC744 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uB294 \uB300\uC2E0 \uD558\uC6B0\uB294 \uD544\uB77C\uB378\uD53C\uC544\uC5D0\uC11C \uC804\uC7C1\uC744 \uBC8C\uC600\uACE0, 1777\uB144 10\uC6D4 \uC0AC\uB77C\uD1A0\uAC00 \uC804\uD22C\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC84\uACE0\uC778\uC740 \uD328\uBC30\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uBC84\uACE0\uC778\uC758 \uD328\uBC30 \uC774\uD6C4, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4 \uC655\uAD6D\uC774 \uB3D9\uB9F9 \uC870\uC57D\uC744 \uCCB4\uACB0\uD558\uACE0 1778\uB144 \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC\uC758 \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0 \uB3CC\uC785\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC640\uC758 \uC6B0\uD638 \uC870\uC57D\uC73C\uB85C \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC774 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uB3D9\uB9F9\uAD6D\uC774 \uC544\uB2CC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB3D9\uB9F9\uAD6D\uC73C\uB85C \uCC38\uC804\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1780\uB144 \uC601\uAD6D\uC740 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uBC0F \uB9C8\uC774\uC18C\uB974 \uC655\uAD6D\uACFC\uB3C4 \uAD00\uACC4\uAC00 \uC545\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, \uACB0\uAD6D \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC640 \uC601\uAD6D\uC740 \uBD81\uC544\uBA54\uB9AC\uCE74\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC30\uC2A4 \uCF58\uC6D4\uB9AC\uC2A4\uB294 \uC655\uB2F9\uD30C\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uB97C \uBC1B\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uB0A8\uBD80 \uC804\uB7B5\uC744 \uCC44\uD0DD\uD588\uC73C\uB098 \uC18C\uC218\uC758 \uC655\uB2F9\uD30C\uB9CC \uBAA8\uC5EC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D\uAD70\uC740 \uD0B9\uC2A4\uB9C8\uC6B4\uD2F4\uACFC \uCE74\uC6B0\uD39C\uC2A4\uC5D0\uC11C \uD328\uBC30\uD588\uACE0, \uADF8\uB294 \uC694\uD06C\uD0C0\uC6B4\uC73C\uB85C \uCCA0\uC218\uD574 \uD0C8\uCD9C\uC744 \uBAA8\uC0C9\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4 \uD574\uAD70\uC774 \uCCB4\uC0AC\uD53C\uD06C\uB9CC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB97C \uAC70\uB450\uBA74\uC11C \uCF58\uC6D4\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC758 \uD0C8\uCD9C\uC740 \uC5B4\uB824\uC6E0\uACE0, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4-\uBBF8\uAD6D \uC5F0\uD569\uAD70\uC740 \uC694\uD06C\uD0C0\uC6B4 \uC804\uD22C\uC5D0\uC11C \uCF58\uC6D4\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC758 \uD56D\uBCF5\uC744 \uBC1B\uC544\uB0C8\uB2E4. 1782\uB144 \uC601\uAD6D \uC758\uD68C\uB294 \uC544\uBA54\uB9AC\uCE74\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC791\uC804\uC744 \uC911\uB2E8\uD558\uAE30\uB85C \uD22C\uD45C\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uD574\uC678\uC5D0\uC11C \uC804\uC7C1\uC740 \uC774\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC5D0\uC11C \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uAD70\uC744 \uC0C1\uB300\uB85C \uC601\uAD6D\uAD70\uC774 \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB97C \uAC70\uB450\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4-\uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uC5F0\uD569\uD568\uB300\uB294 \uC9C0\uBE0C\uB864\uD130\uB97C \uC5EC\uC804\uD788 \uD3EC\uC704\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1783\uB144 9\uC6D4 3\uC77C \uD30C\uB9AC \uC870\uC57D\uC774 \uCCB4\uACB0\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, \uC601\uAD6D\uC740 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC744 \uC778\uC815\uD558\uACE0 \uC885\uC804\uC5D0 \uD569\uC758\uD588\uB2E4. \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uAC00 \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uCE5C \uC601\uD5A5\uC774 \uCEF8\uC74C\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uBD88\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uB294 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC801\uC740 \uC774\uC775\uC744 \uBCF4\uC558\uC73C\uBA70 \uCC44\uBB34\uC5D0 \uC2DC\uB2EC\uB9AC\uAC8C \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uB3C4 \uC77C\uBD80 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB97C \uD68C\uBCF5\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098, \uC9C0\uBE0C\uB864\uD130\uB97C \uC810\uB839\uD55C\uB2E4\uB294 \uBAA9\uD45C\uB294 \uB2EC\uC131\uD558\uC9C0 \uBABB\uD588\uB2E4. \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uB294 \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC\uC758 \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uD328\uBC30\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC \uB9C8\uC774\uC18C\uB974 \uC655\uAD6D\uC758 \uC804\uC7C1\uC740 1784\uB144\uC5D0 \uB9DD\uAC08\uB85C\uB974 \uC870\uC57D\uC73C\uB85C \uB05D\uB0AC\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . "Mi\uA78Ckmaq" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D"@zh . . . . . . . "Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat (1775\u20131783), Perang Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat, atau Perang Revolusi saja di Amerika Serikat, berawal sebagai sebuah perang antara Kerajaan Britania Raya dan Amerika Serikat yang baru berdiri, namun perlahan menjadi antara Britania di satu sisi dan Amerika Serikat, Prancis, Belanda, dan Spanyol di sisi lainnya. Perang ini dimenangkan oleh Amerika Serikat dengan hasil yang bercampur dengan kekuatan lainnya. Perang ini merupakan akibat dari Revolusi Amerika Serikat. Para kolonis bangkit karena yang dikeluarkan Parlemen Britania Raya tidak konstitusional. Parlemen Britania menegaskan bahwa mereka punya hak untuk memberlakukan pajak pada para kolonis. Kolonis mengklaim bahwa karena mereka , perpajakan tanpa perwakilan rakyat dianggap ilegal. Kolonis Amerika Serikat membentuk Kongres Kontinental yang bersatu dan pemerintahan bayangan di setiap koloni, meski pada awalnya masih setia kepada Raja. Pemboikotan Amerika Serikat terhadap teh Britania yang terkena pajak mendorong terjadinya peristiwa Pesta Teh Boston tahun 1773, yang merupakan penghancuran muatan teh kapal Britania. London menanggapinya dengan mengakhiri pemerintahan mandiri di Massachusetts dan meletakkannya di bawah kendali pasukan Britania dengan Jenderal sebagai gubernurnya. Pada bulan April 1775, Gage mengetahui bahwa persenjatan sedang dikumpulkan di , dan ia mengirimkan tentara BRitania untuk merampas dan menghancurkannya. Milisi lokal melawan para tentara dan melakukan baku tembak (lihat Pertempuran Lexington dan Concord). Setelah berulang kali meminta raja Britania ikut campur dalam parlemen, semua keputusan damai berakhir ketika melalui dekret raja, dan mereka menanggapinya dengan sebuah bangsa berdaulat yang baru, Amerika Serikat, pada tanggal 4 Juli 1776. Kaum Loyalis Amerika Serikat menolak Deklarasi ini dan berpihak pada Raja; mereka diasingkan dari kekuasaan di mana-mana. Upaya Amerika Serikat untuk memperluas pemberontakan ini hingga Quebec dan Florida tidak berhasil. Prancis, Spanyol, dan Republik Belanda diam-diam memberi persediaan, amunisi, dan senjata kepada kaum revolusioner dimulai tahun 1776. Pada Juni 1776, Amerika Serikat berhasil mengendalikan setiap negara bagian secara penuh, tetapi kemudian Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Britania menduduki New York City dan menjadikannya pangkalan utama mereka. Perang ini segera buntu. Angkatan Laut kerajaan dapat menduduki kota-kota pesisir lainnya dalam waktu singkat, tetapi pemberontak mengendalikan wilayah pedesaan yang dihuni 90 persen populasi AS. Strategi Britania bergantung pada mobilisasi milisi Loyalis dan tidak pernah terwujud. Serbuan Britania dari Kanada pada tahun 1777 berakhir dengan penaklukan pasukan Britania pada . Kemenangan Amerika Serikat ini mendorong Prancis secara terbuka pada awal 1778, sehingga menyeimbangkan kekuatan militer kedua belah pihak. Spanyol dan Republik Belanda\u2014sekutu Prancis\u2014juga berperang dengan Britania selama empat tahun ebrikutnya, mengancam dan menguji kekuatan militer Britania dengan serangkaian kampanye di Eropa. berujung pada pasukan Britania dari Florida Barat, sehingga mengamankan wilayah selatan Amerika Serikat. Kemenangan mutlak angkatan laut Britania pada menggagalkan rencana Prancis dan Spanyol untuk mengusir Britania dari Karibia, dan upaya gabungan Prancis-Spanyol untuk menduduki pertahanan Britania di juga berakhir dengan kekalahan yang sama. Keterlibatan Prancis terbukti berhasil meski mahal, sehingga mengacaukan ekonomi Prancis dan mendorong negara ini ke jurang utang yang sangat besar. berujung pada pengepungan oleh pasukan gabungan Prancis dan Kontinental yang memaksa pasukan Britania kedua menyerah di Yorktown, Virginia tahun 1781. Pertempuran terus berlanjut sepanjang tahun 1782, sementara perundingan perdamaian dimulai. Pada tahun 1783, Traktat Paris mengakhiri perang dan mengakui kedaulatan Amerika Serikat atas teritori yang secara kasar dikelilingi oleh wilayah yang saat ini menjadi Kanada di utara, Florida di selatan, dan Sungai Mississippi di barat. Perdamaian dalam tingkat internasional disetujui yang diikuti serangkaian pertukaran teritori."@in . . . . "Nordamerikanska frihetskriget (\u00E4ven k\u00E4nt som amerikanska frihetskriget) var det krig 1775\u20131783 genom vilket landet USA bildades och blev en sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndig stat. Kriget b\u00F6rjade som ett krig mellan Kungariket Storbritannien och de tretton brittiska kolonierna i Nordamerika och slutade i ett globalt krig mellan flera europeiska stormakter."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "Americk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka za nez\u00E1vislost (1775\u20131783), n\u011Bkdy tak\u00E9 americk\u00E1 revolu\u010Dn\u00ED v\u00E1lka (anglicky: American Revolutionary War, American War of Independence) byla v\u00E1lka mezi Kr\u00E1lovstv\u00EDm Velk\u00E9 Brit\u00E1nie a t\u0159in\u00E1cti koloniemi v Severn\u00ED Americe. St\u0159etnut\u00ED skon\u010Dilo por\u00E1\u017Ekou Brit\u00E1nie a uzn\u00E1n\u00EDm nez\u00E1vislosti Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch. Po roce 1765 doch\u00E1zelo ke st\u00E1le v\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDm neshod\u00E1m mezi britsk\u00FDmi koloniemi v Severn\u00ED Americe a Velkou Brit\u00E1ni\u00ED. Tyto spory postupn\u011B p\u0159erostly v americkou revoluci, je\u017E vyvrcholila v\u00E1lkou za nez\u00E1vislost. V roce 1773 vypukly otev\u0159en\u00E9 nepokoje v Bostonu, hlavn\u00EDm m\u011Bst\u011B kolonie Massachusetts Bay. Britov\u00E9 uzav\u0159eli p\u0159\u00EDstav a za\u010Dali probl\u00E9m \u0159e\u0161it silou. Ameri\u010Dan\u00E9 reagovali vytvo\u0159en\u00EDm Kontinent\u00E1ln\u00EDho kongresu, kter\u00FD koordinoval postup jednotliv\u00FDch koloni\u00ED a postupn\u011B zformovali kontinent\u00E1ln\u00ED arm\u00E1du. V dubnu 1775 se Britov\u00E9 pokusili odzbrojit massachusettskou domobranu (milici), nicm\u00E9n\u011B ve vojensk\u00E9m st\u0159etu u Lexingtonu a Concordu neusp\u011Bli. Touto bitvou za\u010Dala otev\u0159en\u00E1 v\u00E1lka. Ameri\u010Dan\u00E9 oblehli britskou arm\u00E1dou kontrolovan\u00FD Boston. B\u011Bhem obl\u00E9h\u00E1n\u00ED do\u0161lo k bitv\u011B u Bunker Hillu, v n\u00ED\u017E britsk\u00E1 arm\u00E1da za cenu t\u011B\u017Ek\u00FDch ztr\u00E1t dos\u00E1hla d\u00EDl\u010D\u00EDho taktick\u00E9ho \u00FAsp\u011Bchu, kter\u00FD v\u0161ak nem\u011Bl strategick\u00FD v\u00FDznam. V t\u00E9 dob\u011B se do \u010Dela americk\u00E9 arm\u00E1dy postavil George Washington. V b\u0159eznu 1776 opustili Britov\u00E9 Boston a za\u010D\u00E1tkem \u010Dervence 1776 do\u0161lo k vytvo\u0159en\u00ED Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch. Velk\u00E1 Brit\u00E1nie zah\u00E1jila v l\u00E9t\u011B 1776 protiofenzivu. Shrom\u00E1\u017Edila velkou arm\u00E1du, kter\u00E9 velel William Howe, a je\u017E byla pos\u00EDlen\u00E1 o n\u011Bmeck\u00E9 pomocn\u00E9 jednotky (Hesen\u0161t\u00ED), a za\u00FAto\u010Dila na New York, kter\u00FD po bitv\u011B o Long Island obsadila a dr\u017Eela a\u017E do konce v\u00E1lky. Britov\u00E9 zv\u00EDt\u011Bzili v n\u011Bkolika n\u00E1sledn\u00FDch bitv\u00E1ch, ale tyto \u00FAsp\u011Bchy nakonec vyzn\u011Bly do ztracena, a to i d\u00EDky sm\u011Bl\u00E9mu man\u00E9vru George Washingtona, kter\u00FD v prosinci 1776 p\u0159ekro\u010Dil \u0159eku Delaware a u\u0161t\u011Bd\u0159il Hesensk\u00FDm por\u00E1\u017Eku u Trentonu. V roce 1777 se britsk\u00E1 arm\u00E1da pokusila rozd\u011Blit americk\u00E9 st\u00E1ty vedv\u00ED, t\u00EDm \u017Ee od\u0159\u00EDzne Novou Anglii od ostatn\u00EDch rebeluj\u00EDc\u00EDch st\u00E1t\u016F. Tato kampa\u0148 v\u0161ak skon\u010Dila britskou por\u00E1\u017Ekou u Saratogy v \u0159\u00EDjnu 1777. Za\u010D\u00E1tkem roku 1778 se na stranu USA p\u0159idala Francie a v z\u00E1\u0159\u00ED 1779 i \u0160pan\u011Blsko, co\u017E v\u00FDsledek v\u00E1lky v\u00FDrazn\u011B ovlivnilo. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm Francie sehr\u00E1la d\u016Fle\u017Eitou roli, kdy\u017E z\u00E1sobovala americk\u00E9 patrioty financemi a st\u0159elivem, a posl\u00E9ze vyslala na pomoc rebel\u016Fm sv\u00E9 n\u00E1mo\u0159nictvo. Britskou pozici zhor\u0161ila i v\u00E1lka s Nizozem\u00EDm (1780\u20131784). Britov\u00E9 mezit\u00EDm p\u0159e\u0161li na tzv. Ji\u017En\u00ED strategii. Arm\u00E1da veden\u00E1 Charlesem Cornwallisem za\u010Dala operovat v ji\u017En\u00EDch st\u00E1tech USA (Virginie, Severn\u00ED Karol\u00EDna, Ji\u017En\u00ED Karol\u00EDna, Georgie) a doufala, \u017Ee zde podn\u00EDt\u00ED masivn\u00ED probritsk\u00E9 loyalistick\u00E9 hnut\u00ED. To se v\u0161ak nepovedlo, a i kdy\u017E zde Britov\u00E9 zaznamenali d\u00EDl\u010D\u00ED \u00FAsp\u011Bchy, postupn\u011B byli zatla\u010Dov\u00E1ni do defenz\u00EDvy. V roce 1781 se Cornwallis st\u00E1hl do p\u0159\u00EDstavu Yorktown a vy\u010Dk\u00E1val na pomoc \u010Di evakuaci. Francouzsko-americk\u00E1 arm\u00E1da v\u0161ak zabr\u00E1nila ob\u011Bma alternativ\u00E1m a Britov\u00E9 museli v \u0159\u00EDjnu 1781 kapitulovat. T\u00EDm v z\u00E1sad\u011B skon\u010Dily velk\u00E9 vojensk\u00E9 operace a za\u010Dalo politick\u00E9 vyjedn\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED. Britsk\u00FD parlament prosadil v \u00FAnoru 1782 zastaven\u00ED vojensk\u00FDch akc\u00ED proti Ameri\u010Dan\u016Fm, i kdy\u017E v\u00E1lka proti Francii a \u0160pan\u011Blsku pokra\u010Dovala. V z\u00E1\u0159\u00ED 1783 se USA a Velk\u00E1 Brit\u00E1nie dohodly na m\u00EDrov\u00E9 smlouv\u011B, je\u017E byla uzav\u0159en\u00E1 v Pa\u0159\u00ED\u017Ei. Britov\u00E9 ofici\u00E1ln\u011B uznali nez\u00E1vislost Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch."@cs . . . . . . "William Howe"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Lord George Germain"@en . . "Clockwise from left: Continental infantry at Redoubt 10, Yorktown; Washington rallying the broken center at Monmouth; USS Bonhomme Richard capturing HMS Serapis"@en . . . . . "Chickasaw" . . . . . . . . . . "Susquehannock" . . . . "Vermont Republic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Kingdom of Spain"@en . . . . . . . "----\nCo-belligerents"@en . . . . . . "Cherokee" . . "Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos"@es . . . "Cogadh r\u00E9abhl\u00F3ideach (1775 - 1783) i Meirice\u00E1 Thuaidh idir R\u00EDocht na Breataine M\u00F3ire agus tr\u00ED choil\u00EDneacht d\u00E9ag Bhriotanacha ba ea Cogadh R\u00E9abhl\u00F3ideach Mheirice\u00E1, n\u00F3 Cogadh Saoirse Mheirice\u00E1, mar a thugtar air freisin. Thosaigh an cogadh mar chonsp\u00F3id faoi chearta na gcoil\u00EDneach mar Shasanaigh, consp\u00F3id a bhain le c\u00FArsa\u00ED tr\u00E1cht\u00E1la agus riarach\u00E1in. Is gearr gur th\u00E1inig tuiscint nua ag na coil\u00EDnigh orthu f\u00E9in mar Mheirice\u00E1naigh, agus as sin amach bh\u00ED siad ag iarraidh deireadh a chur le riail na Breataine."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Cogadh r\u00E9abhl\u00F3ideach (1775 - 1783) i Meirice\u00E1 Thuaidh idir R\u00EDocht na Breataine M\u00F3ire agus tr\u00ED choil\u00EDneacht d\u00E9ag Bhriotanacha ba ea Cogadh R\u00E9abhl\u00F3ideach Mheirice\u00E1, n\u00F3 Cogadh Saoirse Mheirice\u00E1, mar a thugtar air freisin. Thosaigh an cogadh mar chonsp\u00F3id faoi chearta na gcoil\u00EDneach mar Shasanaigh, consp\u00F3id a bhain le c\u00FArsa\u00ED tr\u00E1cht\u00E1la agus riarach\u00E1in. Is gearr gur th\u00E1inig tuiscint nua ag na coil\u00EDnigh orthu f\u00E9in mar Mheirice\u00E1naigh, agus as sin amach bh\u00ED siad ag iarraidh deireadh a chur le riail na Breataine. Bhris an cogadh amach sa bhliain 1775 nuair a chuaigh na r\u00E9abhl\u00F3idithe faoi r\u00E9im sna coil\u00EDneachta\u00ED uile agus gur chuir siad an Dara Chomhdh\u00E1il Ilchr\u00EDochach agus an tArm Ilchr\u00EDochach nua ar bun. An bhliain d\u00E1r gcionn f\u00F3gra\u00EDodh neamhsple\u00E1chas St\u00E1it Aontaithe Mheirice\u00E1, n\u00E1isi\u00FAn nua."@ga . . . . "German troops:"@en . . . . . "Cogadh R\u00E9abhl\u00F3ideach Mheirice\u00E1"@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uBBF8\uAD6D \uB3C5\uB9BD \uC804\uC7C1(\uC601\uC5B4: American War of Independence, 1775\uB144 4\uC6D4 19\uC77C -1783\uB144 9\uC6D4 3\uC77C) \uB610\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uD601\uBA85 \uC804\uC7C1(\uC601\uC5B4: American Revolutionary War)\uC740 18\uC138\uAE30 \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC 13\uAC1C \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uBC1C\uD55C \uC804\uC7C1\uC73C\uB85C, \uBBF8\uD569\uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC774 \uC120\uC5B8\uB41C \uC804\uC7C1\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1765\uB144 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uB294 \uC815\uCE58\uC801\uC778 \uCC28\uC774\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC545\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBBF8\uAD6D \uB3C5\uB9BD\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \"\uB300\uD45C \uC5C6\uC774 \uACFC\uC138 \uC5C6\uB2E4\"\uB97C \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uBA70 \uC778\uC9C0\uC138\uBC95\uC5D0 \uBC18\uBC1C\uD588\uACE0, \uC774\uB294 \uC774\uD6C4 \uBCF4\uC774\uCF67\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC5B4\uC84C\uC73C\uBA70, 1773\uB144 \uC790\uC720\uC758 \uC544\uB4E4\uB4E4\uC774 \uBCF4\uC2A4\uD134 \uCC28 \uC0AC\uAC74\uC744 \uC77C\uC73C\uD0A4\uBA74\uC11C \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uAC08\uB4F1\uC774 \uAE4A\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uBCF4\uC2A4\uD134 \uCC28 \uC0AC\uAC74 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC601\uAD6D\uC740 \uBCF4\uC2A4\uD134 \uD56D\uC744 \uD3D0\uC1C4\uD588\uACE0 \uB9E4\uC0AC\uCD94\uC138\uCE20\uB9CC \uC9C0\uBC29\uC5D0 \uB9DE\uC11C \uBCF4\uBCF5\uC801\uC778 \uBC95\uB960\uB4E4\uC744 \uC81C\uC815\uD588\uB2E4. \uB9E4\uC11C\uCD94\uC138\uCE20 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB294 \uC774\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uC11C\uD3EC\uD06C \uD574\uACB0\uC548\uC744 \uB9C8\uB828\uD588\uACE0, \uC601\uAD6D \uC655\uC2E4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD56D\uD574 \uBE44\uBC00 \uC815\uBD80\uB97C \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. \uC870\uC9C0\uC544\uC8FC\uB97C \uC81C\uC678\uD55C 12\uAC1C\uC758 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB294 \uB300\uB959\uD68C\uC758\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uACE0 \uC601\uAD6D \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0 \uC870\uC9C1\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC800\uD56D\uD558\uACE0\uC790 \uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nathanael Greene"@en . "Spain:"@en . . . . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0395\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03AE \u03A0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0391\u03BD\u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03A0\u0391 \u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03CD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039C\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD 13 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B7\u03C0\u03B5\u03AF\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5 (1775-1783)."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La guerre d'ind\u00E9pendance des \u00C9tats-Unis (en anglais : American War of Independence), \u00E9galement d\u00E9sign\u00E9e aux \u00C9tats-Unis comme la guerre de la r\u00E9volution am\u00E9ricaine (American Revolutionary War), qui oppose les Treize Colonies, un groupe de colonies frontali\u00E8res d'Am\u00E9rique du Nord, au royaume de Grande-Bretagne, de 1775 \u00E0 1783, est l'un des processus de la r\u00E9volution am\u00E9ricaine qui voit les \u00C9tats-Unis s'\u00E9manciper de l'Empire britannique et acc\u00E9der \u00E0 l'ind\u00E9pendance en fondant une r\u00E9publique f\u00E9d\u00E9rale."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Loyalist troops:" . "George Washington"@en . . . "Spain:" . . "yes"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Native Americans: unknown"@en . . . . . . . "Thirteen Colonies (Until 1776)"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Usona Milito de Sendependeco (estas konsekvenco en Usono de la Usona Revolucio) estis milito inter la Re\u011Dlando de Britio kaj \u011Diaj kolonioj en Nord-Ameriko, aliancanoj de Francio, de 1775 \u011Dis 1783. La fina rezulto estis la agnosko de sendependeco de la 13 plej sudaj kolonioj, kaj anka\u016D maldense koloniitaj teritorioj okcidentaj \u011Dis la Misisipia Rivero."@eo . "La Usona Milito de Sendependeco (estas konsekvenco en Usono de la Usona Revolucio) estis milito inter la Re\u011Dlando de Britio kaj \u011Diaj kolonioj en Nord-Ameriko, aliancanoj de Francio, de 1775 \u011Dis 1783. La fina rezulto estis la agnosko de sendependeco de la 13 plej sudaj kolonioj, kaj anka\u016D maldense koloniitaj teritorioj okcidentaj \u011Dis la Misisipia Rivero. Anta\u016D la revolucio, la plejparto de la homoj en la Britaj Nord-Amerikaj Kolonioj konsideris sin lojalaj regnanoj de la Brita Krono, kun la samaj rajtoj kaj devoj kiel homoj en Britio. Tamen, sub la doktrino de merkantilismo la britoj konsideris la koloniojn pli kiel rimedon utiligotan por la avanta\u011Do de sia propra ekonomio kaj havis malmultan respekton por la kolonianoj. Tiu diferenco de percepto kondukis al forta ciklo de tio, ke kolonianoj agas kontra\u016D tion, kion ili vidas kiel maljustan politikon, poste severa brita reago, sekvata de pli forta kolonia reago, kondukanta al e\u0109 pli severa brita reago \u2014 \u0109io \u0109i kondukis rapide al la revolucio. Dum la kolonianoj ekmalakceptis la Kronon ili anka\u016D ekfari\u011Dis pli kaj pli radikalaj alimaniere, pli atentante la ideon de vasta demokratio la\u016D idealoj de Klerismo kaj homojn kiel Thomas Paine, kiu nelonge anta\u016De estus kondamnita kiel Leveller (\"ebeniganto\"). Oni notu, tamen, ke granda parto, probable plimulto, de la lo\u011Dantaro ja restis lojala a\u016D ne\u016Dtrala dum la milito. Lojalistoj, konataj kiel torioj (angle tory), inkluzivis anojn de la nobelaro, kiuj povus perdi multon kaj anka\u016D lastatempajn enmigrintojn, kiuj identigis sin pli kun sia naski\u011Dloko ol kun sia nova hejmo. Post la milito, multaj torioj estis devigitaj fu\u011Di al Kanado a\u016D al Britio. Multaj indianoj anka\u016D oponis la revolucion, konsciante, ke ili plej probable suferus pli sub la sendependaj usonanoj ol sub la britoj."@eo . . . . . "Henry Clinton"@en . . . . . . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0395\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03AE \u03A0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0391\u03BD\u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03A0\u0391 \u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03CD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039C\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD 13 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B7\u03C0\u03B5\u03AF\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5 (1775-1783)."@el . . . . . . . "17pxHesse-Cassel" . . . . "Thirteen Colonies(Until 1776)" . . . . "La Guerra de la Independ\u00E8ncia dels Estats Units d'Am\u00E8rica (tamb\u00E9 anomenada Guerra de la Revoluci\u00F3 Americana) va comen\u00E7ar com una revoluci\u00F3 de tretze col\u00F2nies brit\u00E0niques a Am\u00E8rica del Nord que va conduir a una guerra oberta contra el Regne de Gran Bretanya, i va acabar en una guerra mundial entre diverses grans pot\u00E8ncies europees."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amerikanska frihetskriget"@sv . "Americk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka za nez\u00E1vislost"@cs . . . "American Revolutionary War"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos fue un conflicto b\u00E9lico que enfrent\u00F3 a las Trece Colonias brit\u00E1nicas originales en Am\u00E9rica del Norte contra el Reino de Gran Breta\u00F1a. Ocurri\u00F3 entre 1775 y 1781, finalizando con la derrota brit\u00E1nica en la batalla de Yorktown y la firma del Tratado de Par\u00EDs. Los antecedentes a la guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos se remontan a la rivalidad franco-brit\u00E1nica en Norteam\u00E9rica y a las consecuencias de la guerra de los Siete A\u00F1os, que termin\u00F3 en 1763."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Henry Hamilton"@en . . "\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AAmerican War of Independence \u6216 American Revolution War\uFF1B1775\u5E74\u20141783\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31\u7F8E\u570B\u9769\u547D\u6230\u722D\uFF08American Revolutionary War\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u5927\u82F1\u5E1D\u570B\u8207\u6E96\u5099\u7368\u7ACB\u7684\u7F8E\u5229\u5805\u53CA\u6B27\u6D32\u5F3A\u56FD\u6CD5\u570B\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u4E00\u5834\u6230\u722D\u3002 \u9019\u5834\u6230\u722D\u4E3B\u8981\u59CB\u65BC\u5317\u7F8E\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u70BA\u4E86\u5C0D\u6297\u82F1\u570B\u58D3\u8FEB\u6027\u7684\u91CD\u5546\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7D93\u6FDF\u653F\u7B56\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u6C7A\u5B9A\u4EE5\u6B66\u88DD\u9769\u547D\u5C0B\u6C42\u7368\u7ACB\uFF0C\u4F46\u5F8C\u4F86\u537B\u56E0\u70BA\u6CD5\u570B\u52A0\u5165\u6230\u722D\u5C0D\u6297\u82F1\u570B\uFF0C\u800C\u4F7F\u6230\u722D\u7684\u7BC4\u570D\u9060\u9060\u8D85\u904E\u82F1\u5C6C\u5317\u7F8E\u6D32\u4E4B\u5916\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u82F1\u570B\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8207\u7576\u5730\u7684\u5370\u5730\u5B89\u4EBA\u7D50\u76DF\uFF0C\u4EE5\u589E\u52A0\u52E2\u529B\u3002\u5728\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\u521D\u671F\uFF0C\u82F1\u570B\u5C1A\u80FD\u5920\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7687\u5BB6\u6D77\u8ECD\u8239\u5805\u70AE\u5229\u7684\u512A\u52E2\u63A7\u5236\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u7684\u6CBF\u6D77\u57CE\u5E02\uFF0C\u4F46\u5C0D\u65BC\u5982\u4F55\u63A7\u5236\u5167\u9678\u5730\u5340\u3001\u53CA\u61C9\u5C0D\u76E4\u64DA\u5167\u9678\u3001\u719F\u6089\u5730\u5F62\u3001\u9A4D\u52C7\u5584\u6230\u7684\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u6C11\u5175\u537B\u675F\u624B\u7121\u7B56\u3002\u96A8\u8457\u6CD5\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u5728\u5207\u85A9\u76AE\u514B\u6D77\u6230\u5927\u6377\u596A\u5F97\u5236\u6D77\u6B0A\uFF0C\u82F1\u8ECD\u65BC1781\u5E74\u7684\u7D04\u514B\u93AE\u4E4B\u570D\u57CE\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\u6158\u6557\u6295\u964D\uFF0C\u4E26\u65BC1783\u5E74\u88AB\u8FEB\u7C3D\u8A02\u300A\u5DF4\u9ECE\u689D\u7D04\u300B\u627F\u8A8D\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u3002 \u4F46\u5F8C\u4F86\u56E0\u70BA\u5927\u91CF\u6548\u5FE0\u6D3E\u65BC\u6230\u5F8C\u7531\u5341\u4E09\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u9003\u81F3\u5317\u65B9\u7684\u82F1\u5C6C\u5317\u7F8E\uFF08\u52A0\u62FF\u5927\uFF09\uFF0C\u53CD\u800C\u5C0E\u81F4\u65B0\u5EFA\u570B\u7684\u7F8E\u570B\u5728\u7ACB\u570B\u5F8C\u7D93\u6FDF\u56F0\u9813\u856D\u689D\u3001\u751A\u81F3\u65BC\u51AC\u5B63\u51FA\u73FE\u75AB\u6F6E\u53CA\u98E2\u8352\uFF0C\u800C\u4ECD\u4F5C\u70BA\u82F1\u570B\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u7684\u52A0\u62FF\u5927\u5247\u51FA\u73FE\u77ED\u66AB\u7684\u8208\u65FA\u3002"@zh . . . . . "17pxHesse-Hanau" . . . "Native Americans"@en . . "Catawba" . . . . . . . . "1123441322"^^ . . . . . . "Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog"@nl . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3069\u304F\u308A\u3064\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\u3001\u82F1: American War of Independence\uFF09\u306F\u30011775\u5E744\u670819\u65E5\u304B\u30891783\u5E749\u67083\u65E5\u307E\u3067\u306E\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u672C\u56FD\uFF08\u30B0\u30EC\u30FC\u30C8\u30D6\u30EA\u30C6\u30F3\u738B\u56FD\uFF09\u3068\u5317\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u6771\u90E8\u6CBF\u5CB8\u306E\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u9818\u306E13\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u3068\u306E\u6226\u4E89\u3002 \u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3067\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u9769\u547D\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u304B\u304F\u3081\u3044\u3001\u82F1: American Revolution\uFF09\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u9769\u547D\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u3069\u304F\u308A\u3064\u304B\u304F\u3081\u3044\u3001\u82F1: American Independence Revolution\uFF09\u3082\u3057\u304F\u306F\u9769\u547D\u6226\u4E89\uFF08\u304B\u304F\u3081\u3044\u305B\u3093\u305D\u3046\u3001\u82F1: Revolutionary War\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u65B9\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u3067\u306F\u3001\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u306A\u304A\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u6559\u79D1\u66F8\u3067\u306F\u3001\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308C\u3070\u3001\u5358\u306B\u300C\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u3053\u306E\u6226\u4E89\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u306E\u4F4F\u6C11\u306F\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u652F\u914D\u3092\u62D2\u5426\u3057\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\uFF08United States\uFF09\u3092\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u72EC\u7ACB\u306B\u5C0E\u304F\u3053\u3068\u306B\u6210\u529F\u3057\u305F\u30021775\u5E74\u3001\u9769\u547D\u6D3E\u306F13\u690D\u6C11\u5730\u653F\u5E9C\u306E\u5168\u3066\u3092\u638C\u63E1\u3059\u308B\u3068\u5171\u306B\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u653F\u6CBB\u3068\u7ACB\u6CD5\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3059\u308B\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u5927\u9678\u4F1A\u8B70\u3068\u8ECD\u4E8B\u3092\u62C5\u5F53\u3059\u308B\u5927\u9678\u8ECD\u3092\u767A\u8DB3\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3002 1783\u5E74\u306E\u30D1\u30EA\u6761\u7D04\u3067\u6226\u4E89\u304C\u7D42\u7D50\u3057\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u72EC\u7ACB\u3092\u6B63\u5F0F\u306B\u8A8D\u3081\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "Ameriketako Estatu Batuen Independentzia Gerra (ingelesez: American Revolutionary War edo American War of Independence) Britainia Handiak Ipar Amerikan zituen Hamahiru Kolonien eta Britainia Handiaren arteko gerra izan zen, 1775etik 1783ra bitartean gertatua. britainiarrek izandako porrotak eta Parisko Ituna sinatzeak amaitu zuten gerra."@eu . . . . . . . "Kingdom of France"@en . . . . . . . "Delaware" . . . . . . "Choctaw" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Spain:" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "New Hampshire" . . . . . . . . "300"^^ . . "Der Amerikanische Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitskrieg (englisch American Revolutionary War oder American War of Independence) fand von 1775 bis 1783 zwischen den Dreizehn Kolonien und der britischen Kolonialmacht statt. Er war der H\u00F6hepunkt der amerikanischen Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitsbewegung und f\u00FChrte nach der Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitserkl\u00E4rung 1776 und der Bildung der Konf\u00F6deration 1777 zu deren siegreichem Abschluss und zur Entstehung der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Der Ausgang des Krieges wurde ab 1778 erst durch das aktive Eingreifen Frankreichs zu Gunsten der Kolonisten entschieden. Die Hauptkampfhandlungen endeten im Jahre 1781 nach der britischen Niederlage in der Schlacht bei Yorktown, der Krieg selbst wurde mit der Unterzeichnung eines Vorfriedens am 30. November 1782 bzw. des Friedens von Paris am 3. September 1783 offiziell beendet."@de . . . . . . "Great Britain:"@en . . "Spain:"@en . . . . . . . . "Native Americans: unknown"@en . . . . . . . "19px|link=Ansbach" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Treaty of Paris" . . . . . . . . . "Great Britain cedes control of all territories east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River to the United States"@en . . . . . . . "France:" . "Mohawk" . . "La guerra d'indipendenza americana, nota negli Stati Uniti principalmente come guerra rivoluzionaria americana (in inglese: American War of Independence o American Revolutionary War) e in Francia, raramente, come guerra d'America (in francese: guerre d'Am\u00E9rique), fu il conflitto che, tra il 19 aprile 1775 e il 3 settembre 1783, oppose le Tredici colonie nordamericane, diventate successivamente gli Stati Uniti d'America, alla loro madrepatria, il Regno di Gran Bretagna. A partire dal 1778 la guerra, iniziata come ribellione indipendista locale, si trasform\u00F2 in un conflitto globale tra le grandi potenze europee per il predominio sui mari e nei territori coloniali. La Francia entr\u00F2 in guerra a fianco degli americani e, in alleanza anche con la Spagna e le Province Unite, cerc\u00F2 di sfidare il predominio britannico e di ottenere la rivincita dopo la sconfitta nella guerra dei sette anni. La Gran Bretagna invece pot\u00E9 rafforzare il suo corpo di spedizione in America reclutando numerosi contingenti di truppe mercenarie tedesche, i cosiddetti Assiani, forniti, dietro compenso in denaro, dall'Assia-Kassel, dall'Elettorato di Hannover e da altri piccoli stati tedeschi. Dopo alterne vicende, la sconfitta britannica a Yorktown contro le forze franco-americane guidate dal generale George Washington e dal generale Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau, segn\u00F2 una svolta decisiva della guerra. Il trattato di Parigi, firmato nel 1783, pose ufficialmente fine al conflitto, gi\u00E0 concluso di fatto tra il 1781 e il 1782. Con la pace, gli Stati Uniti furono riconosciuti dal Regno Unito, che dovette cedere alla Francia il Senegal, Saint Lucia e Tobago, alla Spagna la Florida e Minorca e alle Province Unite le sue colonie asiatiche. La Francia tuttavia, nonostante alcuni successi, non riusc\u00EC a strappare alla Gran Bretagna il dominio dei mari e la corona britannica mantenne il possesso delle Antille e del Canada, mentre buona parte dell'India rimaneva sotto il controllo della Compagnia britannica delle Indie orientali."@it . . . . . . "Banastre Tarleton"@en . . "\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Georgia" . . . . . "Onondaga" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . "Guerra de Independ\u00EAncia dos Estados Unidos"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pennsylvania" . "The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 \u2013 September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. Established by royal charter in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American colonies were largely autonomous in domestic affairs and commercially prosperous, trading with Britain and its Caribbean colonies, as well as other European powers via their Caribbean entrep\u00F4ts. After British victory over the French in the Seven Years' War in 1763, tensions between the motherland and her 13 colonies arose over trade, policy in the Northwest Territory, and taxation measures, including the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts. Colonial opposition led to the Boston Massacre in 1770 which largely fostered the idea of independence from Britain. While the earlier taxation measures were repealed, Parliament adopted the Tea Act in 1773, a measure that led to the Boston Tea Party on December 16. In response, Parliament imposed the so-called Intolerable Acts in mid-1774, closing the Boston Harbor, revoking Massachusetts' charter, and placing the colony under control of the British government. The measures stirred unrest throughout the colonies, 12 of which sent delegates to Philadelphia in early September 1774 to organize a protest as the First Continental Congress. In an appeal to Britain's George III seeking peace, the Congress drafted a Petition to the King but also threatened a boycott of British goods known as the Continental Association if the Intolerable Acts were not withdrawn. Despite attempts to achieve a peaceful solution, fighting began, after the Westminster Massacre in March, with the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775, and in June Congress authorized the creation of a Continental Army with George Washington as commander-in-chief. Although the \"coercion policy\" advocated by the North ministry was opposed by a faction within Parliament, both sides increasingly viewed conflict as inevitable. The Olive Branch Petition sent by Congress to George III in July 1775 was rejected, and in August Parliament declared the colonies in a state of rebellion. Following the loss of Boston in March 1776, Sir William Howe, the new British commander-in-chief, launched the New York and New Jersey campaign. He captured New York City in November, before Washington won small but significant victories at Trenton and Princeton, which restored Patriot confidence. In summer 1777, Howe succeeded in taking Philadelphia, but in October a separate force under John Burgoyne was forced to surrender at Saratoga. This victory was crucial in convincing powers like France and Spain that an independent United States was a viable entity. The Continental Army then went into winter quarters in Valley Forge, where General von Steuben drilled it into an organized fighting unit. France provided the US informal economic and military support from the beginning of the rebellion, and after Saratoga the two countries signed a commercial agreement and a Treaty of Alliance in February 1778. In return for a guarantee of independence, Congress joined France in its global war with Britain and agreed to defend the French West Indies. Spain also allied with France against Britain in the Treaty of Aranjuez (1779), though it did not formally ally with the Americans. Nevertheless, access to ports in Spanish Louisiana allowed the Patriots to import arms and supplies, while the Spanish Gulf Coast campaign deprived the Royal Navy of key bases in the south. This undermined the 1778 strategy devised by Howe's replacement, Sir Henry Clinton, which took the war into the Southern United States. Despite some initial success, by September 1781 Cornwallis was besieged by a Franco-American force in Yorktown. After an attempt to resupply the garrison failed, Cornwallis surrendered in October. Although the British wars with France and Spain continued for another two years, Britain's forces in America were generally confined to several harbors and western forts, while fighting in North America largely ceased. In April 1782, the North ministry was replaced by a new British government which accepted American independence and began negotiating the Treaty of Paris. With the treaty's ratification on September 3, 1783, Britain accepted American independence, and the war officially ended. The Treaties of Versailles resolved separate conflicts with France and Spain."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Abenaki" . . . . . . . . . "Navy: 1 fleet; escorts"@en . . . . . "Amerikanischer Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitskrieg"@de . . . . . "La Guerra de la Independ\u00E8ncia dels Estats Units d'Am\u00E8rica (tamb\u00E9 anomenada Guerra de la Revoluci\u00F3 Americana) va comen\u00E7ar com una revoluci\u00F3 de tretze col\u00F2nies brit\u00E0niques a Am\u00E8rica del Nord que va conduir a una guerra oberta contra el Regne de Gran Bretanya, i va acabar en una guerra mundial entre diverses grans pot\u00E8ncies europees."@ca . . . "Army: 12,000" . . "Cheraw" . "Navy: 1 fleet;escorts" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ameriketako Estatu Batuen Independentzia Gerra (ingelesez: American Revolutionary War edo American War of Independence) Britainia Handiak Ipar Amerikan zituen Hamahiru Kolonien eta Britainia Handiaren arteko gerra izan zen, 1775etik 1783ra bitartean gertatua. britainiarrek izandako porrotak eta Parisko Ituna sinatzeak amaitu zuten gerra."@eu . . . . . "Lord North"@en . . . . . "France:"@en . . . . "United States:" . . . . . "Lord Shelburne"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0395\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7"@el . . . . "Massachusetts" . . . . . "border|15px(Br. Canadien mil., Fr. led)" . . . . . "Americk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka za nez\u00E1vislost (1775\u20131783), n\u011Bkdy tak\u00E9 americk\u00E1 revolu\u010Dn\u00ED v\u00E1lka (anglicky: American Revolutionary War, American War of Independence) byla v\u00E1lka mezi Kr\u00E1lovstv\u00EDm Velk\u00E9 Brit\u00E1nie a t\u0159in\u00E1cti koloniemi v Severn\u00ED Americe. St\u0159etnut\u00ED skon\u010Dilo por\u00E1\u017Ekou Brit\u00E1nie a uzn\u00E1n\u00EDm nez\u00E1vislosti Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch."@cs . . . "\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u72EC\u7ACB\u6226\u4E89"@ja . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . "Connecticut" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Hancock"@en . . . . . "Odawa" . . . "Henry Knox"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430\u0301 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0301\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0428\u0410 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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"----\nCombatants"@en . . . . ""@en . . . . "Pedee" . . . "France:" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vermont Republic" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "South Carolina" . . . . . . "La guerra d'indipendenza americana, nota negli Stati Uniti principalmente come guerra rivoluzionaria americana (in inglese: American War of Independence o American Revolutionary War) e in Francia, raramente, come guerra d'America (in francese: guerre d'Am\u00E9rique), fu il conflitto che, tra il 19 aprile 1775 e il 3 settembre 1783, oppose le Tredici colonie nordamericane, diventate successivamente gli Stati Uniti d'America, alla loro madrepatria, il Regno di Gran Bretagna."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ameriketako Estatu Batuen Independentzia Gerra"@eu . . . "Army: 12,000"@en . . . . . . ""@en . . . "Loyalist troops:"@en . "Guerra de la Independ\u00E8ncia dels Estats Units"@ca . . . . "American Revolutionary War"@en . . . . . "De Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog (1775-1783) was de oorlog tussen Groot-Brittanni\u00EB en haar dertien koloni\u00EBn in Noord-Amerika die later de Verenigde Staten zouden vormen. De oorlog was een onderdeel van de Amerikaanse Revolutie en resulteerde in de onafhankelijkheid van de Verenigde Staten."@nl . . . "Tuscarora" . . . . . "\u0412\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430\u0301 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0428\u0410 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043A\u043E-\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C."@ru . "Seneca" . . . . . . . "A Guerra de Independ\u00EAncia dos Estados Unidos, Guerra Revolucion\u00E1ria Americana, Guerra Americana da Independ\u00EAncia, Guerra da Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Americana, ou simplesmente Guerra Revolucion\u00E1ria nos Estados Unidos, foi um conflito armado entre o Reino da Gr\u00E3-Bretanha e as Treze Col\u00F4nias na Am\u00E9rica do Norte, que haviam declarado sua independ\u00EAncia como os Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica. Logo ap\u00F3s a Guerra dos Sete Anos, come\u00E7ou a crescer nas col\u00F4nias brit\u00E2nicas na Am\u00E9rica um sentimento de descontentamento com a metr\u00F3pole, baseado em diferen\u00E7as filos\u00F3ficas e pol\u00EDticas exacerbadas com o azedamento dos la\u00E7os entre a Coroa e os povos da col\u00F4nia. Ap\u00F3s a introdu\u00E7\u00E3o da Lei do selo de 1765, os Patriotas (como se chamavam os americanos pr\u00F3-independ\u00EAncia) protestaram contra a ideia de \"tributa\u00E7\u00E3o sem representatividad"@pt . "Native Americans:" . . "United States:" . . . . . . . . "Mi\uA78Ckmaq"@en . . . . . . . . "----\n\nTreaty belligerents"@en . . . . "Shawnee" . . . . "Germans:"@en . . . . . . "Rhode Island" . . . . . "British recognition of U.S. independence"@en . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430\u0301 \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0301\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0428\u0410 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. American Revolutionary War, American War of Independence) (1775\u20141783) \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u0456 \u043B\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 (\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438) \u0437 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 13 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0439 (\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438) \u0437 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u044E \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457, \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u0456\u0434 4 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1776 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443. \u0417\u043D\u0430\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u0432 \u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u00AB\u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0420\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044E\u00BB."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "George III"@en . . "Virginia" . . . . . . . . "John Burgoyne"@en . . . . . "Wojna o niepodleg\u0142o\u015B\u0107 Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych, inaczej zwana rewolucj\u0105 ameryka\u0144sk\u0105 \u2013 konflikt zbrojny pomi\u0119dzy Kr\u00F3lestwem Wielkiej Brytanii a jego trzynastoma koloniami w Ameryce P\u00F3\u0142nocnej w latach 1775\u20131783. W wojnie po stronie kolonii brali udzia\u0142 ochotnicy z kilku kraj\u00F3w europejskich, mi\u0119dzy innymi Marie Joseph de La Fayette, Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau, Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Tadeusz Ko\u015Bciuszko, Kazimierz Pu\u0142aski. Po stronie brytyjskiej walczy\u0142a armia najemna Hesji-Kassel i jej dow\u00F3dca Wilhelm von Knyphausen."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "19pxWaldeck" . . . . . . . . . "Wojna o niepodleg\u0142o\u015B\u0107 Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych, inaczej zwana rewolucj\u0105 ameryka\u0144sk\u0105 \u2013 konflikt zbrojny pomi\u0119dzy Kr\u00F3lestwem Wielkiej Brytanii a jego trzynastoma koloniami w Ameryce P\u00F3\u0142nocnej w latach 1775\u20131783. W wojnie po stronie kolonii brali udzia\u0142 ochotnicy z kilku kraj\u00F3w europejskich, mi\u0119dzy innymi Marie Joseph de La Fayette, Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau, Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Tadeusz Ko\u015Bciuszko, Kazimierz Pu\u0142aski. Po stronie brytyjskiej walczy\u0142a armia najemna Hesji-Kassel i jej dow\u00F3dca Wilhelm von Knyphausen."@pl . "Native Americans: unknown" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "19"^^ . . . "17"^^ . . . . . . . "15"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "John Sullivan"@en . . . . . "Usona Milito de Sendependeco"@eo . . . . "19px|link=Anhalt-Zerbst" . . . . . . . "Der Amerikanische Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitskrieg (englisch American Revolutionary War oder American War of Independence) fand von 1775 bis 1783 zwischen den Dreizehn Kolonien und der britischen Kolonialmacht statt. Er war der H\u00F6hepunkt der amerikanischen Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitsbewegung und f\u00FChrte nach der Unabh\u00E4ngigkeitserkl\u00E4rung 1776 und der Bildung der Konf\u00F6deration 1777 zu deren siegreichem Abschluss und zur Entstehung der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika."@de .