. . . . . . . "98551"^^ . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0425\u043E\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430"@ru . . . "Regras de Woodward-Hoffmann"@pt . . . "\u5206\u5B50\u8F68\u9053\u5BF9\u79F0\u5B88\u6052\u539F\u7406\uFF08\u4F0D\u5FB7\u6C83\u5FB7-\u970D\u592B\u66FC\u89C4\u5219\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u51ED\u501F\u6765\u5224\u65AD\u5468\u73AF\u53CD\u5E94\u4EA7\u7269\u7ACB\u4F53\u5316\u5B66\u6027\u8D28\u7684\u4E00\u5957\u89C4\u5219\uFF0C\u7531\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u4F2F\u6069\u65AF\u00B7\u4F0D\u5FB7\u6C83\u5FB7\u548C\u7F57\u5FB7\u00B7\u970D\u592B\u66FC\u4E8E1965\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u3002\u5B83\u4E3B\u8981\u7528\u4E8E\u5206\u6790\u7535\u73AF\u5316\u53CD\u5E94\u3001\u73AF\u52A0\u6210\u53CD\u5E94\u548C\u03C3\u8FC1\u79FB\u53CD\u5E94\uFF0C\u8FD0\u7528\u524D\u7EBF\u8F68\u9053\u7406\u8BBA\u548C\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5468\u73AF\u53CD\u5E94\uFF0C\u603B\u7ED3\u51FA\u5176\u7ACB\u4F53\u9009\u62E9\u6027\u89C4\u5219\uFF0C\u5E76\u6839\u636E\u8FD9\u4E9B\u89C4\u5219\u5224\u65AD\u5468\u73AF\u53CD\u5E94\u662F\u5426\u53EF\u4EE5\u8FDB\u884C\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u53CD\u5E94\u7684\u7ACB\u4F53\u5316\u5B66\u7279\u5F81\u3002 \u5206\u5B50\u8F68\u9053\u5BF9\u79F0\u5B88\u6052\u539F\u7406\u8BA4\u4E3A\uFF1A\u5316\u5B66\u53CD\u5E94\u662F\u5206\u5B50\u8F68\u9053\u8FDB\u884C\u91CD\u7EC4\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u3002\u5728\u534F\u540C\u53CD\u5E94\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7531\u539F\u6599\u5230\u4EA7\u7269\uFF0C\u5206\u5B50\u8F68\u9053\u7684\u5BF9\u79F0\u6027\u59CB\u7EC8\u4E0D\u53D8\uFF0C\u662F\u5B88\u6052\u7684\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u53EA\u6709\u8FD9\u6837\uFF0C\u624D\u80FD\u7528\u6700\u4F4E\u7684\u80FD\u91CF\u5F62\u6210\u53CD\u5E94\u4E2D\u7684\u8FC7\u6E21\u6001\u3002\u7B26\u5408\u5206\u5B50\u8F68\u9053\u5BF9\u79F0\u5B88\u6052\u539F\u7406\u7684\u53CD\u5E94\u9014\u5F84\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u662F\u201C\u5BF9\u79F0\u6027\u5141\u8BB8\u201D\u7684\uFF0C\u4E0D\u7B26\u5408\u8BE5\u539F\u7406\u7684\u53CD\u5E94\u9014\u5F84\u5219\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u662F\u201C\u5BF9\u79F0\u6027\u7981\u963B\u201D\u7684\u3002\u7528\u6269\u5C55\u4F11\u514B\u5C14\u65B9\u6CD5\u8FDB\u884C\u7684\u7406\u8BBA\u8BA1\u7B97\u652F\u6301\u4E86\u8BE5\u539F\u7406\u6240\u8FDB\u884C\u7684\u9884\u6D4B\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u67D0\u4E9B\u7279\u6B8A\u60C5\u51B5\uFF08\u5982\u65BD\u52A0\u5E94\u529B\uFF09\u4E0B\uFF0C\u5F97\u5230\u7684\u4EA7\u7269\u4E0D\u7B26\u5408\u5206\u5B50\u8F68\u9053\u5BF9\u79F0\u5B88\u6052\u539F\u7406\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "3373570"^^ . . . . . . "The Woodward\u2013Hoffmann rules (or the pericyclic selection rules), devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules used to rationalize or predict certain aspects of the stereochemistry and activation energy of pericyclic reactions, an important class of reactions in organic chemistry. The rules are best understood in terms of the concept of the conservation of orbital symmetry using orbital correlation diagrams (see Section 3 below). The Woodward\u2013Hoffmann rules are a consequence of the changes in electronic structure that occur during a pericyclic reaction and are predicated on the phasing of the interacting molecular orbitals. They are applicable to all classes of pericyclic reactions (and their microscopic reverse 'retro' processes), including (1) electrocyclization"@en . . "Woodwardova\u2013Hoffmannova pravidla"@cs . "Die 1965 von Robert B. Woodward und Roald Hoffmann entwickelten Woodward-Hoffmann-Regeln erlauben Aussagen \u00FCber den Verlauf und die Produkte von pericyclischen Reaktionen. Zu ihnen z\u00E4hlen elektrocyclische Reaktionen, sigmatrope Umlagerungen und Cycloadditionen. Es wird in den Regeln ber\u00FCcksichtigt, dass die Reaktion entweder thermisch oder photochemisch verlaufen kann. Hoffmann wurde f\u00FCr diese Arbeiten zusammen mit Fukui Kenichi 1981 mit dem Nobelpreis f\u00FCr Chemie geehrt."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3\u5247\uFF08\u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3\u305D\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AWoodward-Hoffmann rules\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30DA\u30EA\u74B0\u72B6\u53CD\u5FDC\u306E\u9078\u629E\u6027\u3092\u8AAC\u660E\u3059\u308B\u6CD5\u5247\u3002\u305D\u306E\u5185\u5BB9\u304B\u3089\u8ECC\u9053\u5BFE\u79F0\u6027\u4FDD\u5B58\u5247\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u30021965\u5E74\u306B\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30D0\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30FB\u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9 (Robert Burns Woodward) \u3068\u30ED\u30A2\u30EB\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3 (Roald Hoffmann) \u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767A\u8868\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3\u5247\u306F\u300C\u53CD\u5FDC\u306E\u524D\u5F8C\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u53CD\u5FDC\u306B\u95A2\u4E0E\u3059\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u306E\u6240\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u5206\u5B50\u8ECC\u9053\u306E\u5BFE\u79F0\u6027\u306F\u4FDD\u5B58\u3055\u308C\u308B\u300D\u3068\u4E3B\u5F35\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u30DA\u30EA\u74B0\u72B6\u53CD\u5FDC\u304C\u8D77\u3053\u308A\u3046\u308B\u304B\u3069\u3046\u304B\u3001\u307E\u305F\u305D\u306E\u7ACB\u4F53\u7279\u7570\u6027\u304C\u8AAC\u660E\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "Woodward-Hoffmann-Regeln"@de . . . "\u5206\u5B50\u8F68\u9053\u5BF9\u79F0\u5B88\u6052\u539F\u7406"@zh . . . "As regras de Woodward-Hoffmann, propostas em 1965 por Robert Burns Woodward e Roald Hoffmann, s\u00E3o um conjunto de regras em qu\u00EDmica org\u00E2nica que predizem a estereoqu\u00EDmica das rea\u00E7\u00F5es peric\u00EDclicas, baseando-se na simetria dos orbitais. Estas incluem as rea\u00E7\u00F5es eletroc\u00EDclicas, cicloadi\u00E7\u00F5es, e rea\u00E7\u00F5es sigmatr\u00F3picas. Por este trabalho, em 1981 Hoffmann foi agraciado com o Pr\u00EAmio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica, compartilhando-o com Kenichi Fukui, que desenvolveu um modelo similar, ainda que Woodward tenha falecido dois anos antes, pelo que n\u00E3o era eleg\u00EDvel para ganhar o que haveria de ser seu segundo Pr\u00EAmio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica."@pt . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0413\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 (\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457) (\u0440\u043E\u0441. \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 [\u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0413\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430], \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. rule of orbital symmetry conservation, [Woodward \u2014 Hoffmann\u2019s rule]) \n* 1. \u0415\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0435, \u044F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0443\u0437\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457 (\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u044E). \n* 2. \u042F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440., \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F) \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 (\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044C \u0437 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0443), \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043F \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430."@uk . . . . . . . . . "Les r\u00E8gles de Woodward\u2013Hoffmann, d'apr\u00E8s Robert Burns Woodward et Roald Hoffmann, sont un ensemble de r\u00E8gles en chimie organique pour pr\u00E9voir les grandeurs des barri\u00E8res d'activation aux r\u00E9actions p\u00E9ricycliques. Ces r\u00E8gles sont bas\u00E9es sur la conservation de la sym\u00E9trie orbitalaire, et peuvent servir \u00E0 mieux comprendre les , les cycloadditions, (y compris les ), les transpositions sigmatropiques, et les . Les r\u00E9actions sont class\u00E9es comme permises si la barri\u00E8re \u00E9lectronique est faible, et comme interdites si la barri\u00E8re est \u00E9lev\u00E9e. Les r\u00E9actions interdites peuvent avoir lieu quand m\u00EAme, mais elles exigent une \u00E9nergie d'activation plus importante."@fr . . . "1123330972"^^ . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0413\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "Les r\u00E8gles de Woodward\u2013Hoffmann, d'apr\u00E8s Robert Burns Woodward et Roald Hoffmann, sont un ensemble de r\u00E8gles en chimie organique pour pr\u00E9voir les grandeurs des barri\u00E8res d'activation aux r\u00E9actions p\u00E9ricycliques. Ces r\u00E8gles sont bas\u00E9es sur la conservation de la sym\u00E9trie orbitalaire, et peuvent servir \u00E0 mieux comprendre les , les cycloadditions, (y compris les ), les transpositions sigmatropiques, et les . Les r\u00E9actions sont class\u00E9es comme permises si la barri\u00E8re \u00E9lectronique est faible, et comme interdites si la barri\u00E8re est \u00E9lev\u00E9e. Les r\u00E9actions interdites peuvent avoir lieu quand m\u00EAme, mais elles exigent une \u00E9nergie d'activation plus importante. Les r\u00E8gles de Woodward\u2013Hoffmann sont d'abord propos\u00E9es afin d'expliquer la st\u00E9r\u00E9osp\u00E9cificit\u00E9 frappante des r\u00E9actions \u00E9lectrocycliques, sous contr\u00F4le soit thermique soit photochimique. La thermolyse du cyclobut\u00E8ne substitu\u00E9 trans-1,2,3,4-t\u00E9tram\u00E9thylcyclobut\u00E8ne (1) ne produit qu'un seul isom\u00E8re g\u00E9om\u00E9trique, le (E,E)-3,4-dim\u00E9thyl-2,4-hexadi\u00E8ne (2) indiqu\u00E9; les isom\u00E8res g\u00E9om\u00E9triques (Z,Z) et (E,Z) ne sont pas trouv\u00E9s comme produits de r\u00E9action. De m\u00EAme, la thermolyse de cis-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (3) ne forme que l'isom\u00E8re g\u00E9om\u00E9trique (E,Z)(4). En raison de leur \u00E9l\u00E9gance et leur simplicit\u00E9, les r\u00E8gles de Woodward\u2013Hoffmann ont fourni aux chimistes exp\u00E9rimentaux un premier exemple de la puissance de la th\u00E9orie de l'orbitale mol\u00E9culaire. En 1981 Hoffmann re\u00E7ut pour ce travail le prix Nobel de chimie, partag\u00E9 avec Kenichi Fukui qui a d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 un mod\u00E8le semblable \u00E0 l'aide de la th\u00E9orie des orbitales fronti\u00E8res. Woodward est mort deux ans auparavant et alors n'\u00E9tait pas admissible \u00E0 gagner ce qui aurait pu \u00EAtre son deuxi\u00E8me prix Nobel de chimie."@fr . "Die 1965 von Robert B. Woodward und Roald Hoffmann entwickelten Woodward-Hoffmann-Regeln erlauben Aussagen \u00FCber den Verlauf und die Produkte von pericyclischen Reaktionen. Zu ihnen z\u00E4hlen elektrocyclische Reaktionen, sigmatrope Umlagerungen und Cycloadditionen. Es wird in den Regeln ber\u00FCcksichtigt, dass die Reaktion entweder thermisch oder photochemisch verlaufen kann. Hoffmann wurde f\u00FCr diese Arbeiten zusammen mit Fukui Kenichi 1981 mit dem Nobelpreis f\u00FCr Chemie geehrt."@de . . . . . . "Woodwardova\u2013Hoffmannova pravidla (tak\u00E9 naz\u00FDvan\u00E1 pravidla pericyklick\u00E9ho v\u00FDb\u011Bru) jsou skupinou pravidel pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FDch k p\u0159edpov\u00EDd\u00E1n\u00ED stereochemie a aktiva\u010Dn\u00ED energie pericyklick\u00FDch reakc\u00ED v organick\u00E9 chemii; objevili je Robert Burns Woodward a Roald Hoffmann. Jsou d\u016Fsledkem zm\u011Bn elektronov\u00E9 struktury, ke kter\u00FDm v pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu reakce doch\u00E1z\u00ED a byla odvozena od interakc\u00ED molekulov\u00FDch orbital\u016F. Lze je aplikovat na v\u0161echny druhy pericyklick\u00FDch reakc\u00ED, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00EDklad , , enov\u00E9, cheletropn\u00ED a dyotropn\u00ED reakce. D\u00EDky sv\u00E9 jednoduchosti a obecnosti se pova\u017Euj\u00ED za prvn\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDklad demonstruj\u00EDc\u00ED v\u00FDhody teorie molekulov\u00FDch prbital\u016F. Woodward a Hoffmann odvodii tato pravidla zkoum\u00E1n\u00EDm vztahu mezi reaktanty a orbitaly produkt\u016F a identifikovali zachov\u00E1n\u00ED orbitalov\u00E9 symetrie jako d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00FD teoretick\u00FD princip, kter\u00FD ur\u010Duje produkty pericyklick\u00E9 reakce; byly pou\u017Eity i jin\u00E9 teoretick\u00E9 postupy, kter\u00E9 vedly ke stejn\u00FDm v\u00FDsledk\u016Fm. Hoffmann z\u00EDskal roku 1981 za vysv\u011Btlen\u00ED d\u016Fle\u017Eitosti orbitalov\u00E9 symetrie v pericyklick\u00FDch reakc\u00EDch spole\u010Dn\u011B s Ken\u2019i\u010Dim Fukuiem Nobelovu cenu za chemii (Fukui vyvodil podobn\u00E1 pravidla z ."@cs . . "The Woodward\u2013Hoffmann rules (or the pericyclic selection rules), devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules used to rationalize or predict certain aspects of the stereochemistry and activation energy of pericyclic reactions, an important class of reactions in organic chemistry. The rules are best understood in terms of the concept of the conservation of orbital symmetry using orbital correlation diagrams (see Section 3 below). The Woodward\u2013Hoffmann rules are a consequence of the changes in electronic structure that occur during a pericyclic reaction and are predicated on the phasing of the interacting molecular orbitals. They are applicable to all classes of pericyclic reactions (and their microscopic reverse 'retro' processes), including (1) electrocyclizations, (2) cycloadditions, (3) sigmatropic reactions, (4) group transfer reactions, (5) ene reactions, (6) cheletropic reactions, and (7) dyotropic reactions. Due to their elegance, simplicity, and generality, the Woodward\u2013Hoffmann rules are credited with first exemplifying the power of molecular orbital theory to experimental chemists. Woodward and Hoffmann developed the pericyclic selection rules by examining correlations between reactant and product orbitals (i.e., how reactant and product orbitals are related to each other by continuous geometric distortions that are functions of the reaction coordinate). They identified the conservation of orbital symmetry as a crucial theoretical principle that dictates the outcome (or feasibility) of a pericyclic process. Other theoretical approaches that lead to the same selection rules have also been advanced. Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for elucidating the importance of orbital symmetry in pericyclic reactions, which he shared with Kenichi Fukui. Fukui developed a similar set of ideas within the framework of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory. Because Woodward had died two years before, he was not eligible to win what would have been his second Nobel Prize in Chemistry."@en . . "Woodward\u2013Hoffmann rules"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3\u5247"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Regole di Woodward-Hoffmann"@it . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0425\u043E\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 (\u0413\u043E\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0430\u043B\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0425\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0438 . \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u043C: \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445. \u0422\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u043E, \u0435\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0435\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u043E. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C\u043E \u043A \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F\u043C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044F \u0445\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F) \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0430\u043C."@ru . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0413\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 (\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457) (\u0440\u043E\u0441. \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 [\u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0413\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430], \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. rule of orbital symmetry conservation, [Woodward \u2014 Hoffmann\u2019s rule])"@uk . "Le regole di Woodward-Hoffmann, enunciate da Robert Burns Woodward e Roald Hoffmann, sono un insieme di regole che permettono, in chimica organica, di prevedere la stereochimica delle reazioni pericicliche sulla base della simmetria orbitalica. Furono sviluppate sulla base del metodo di H\u00FCckel esteso. Le reazioni in questione includono le elettrociclizzazioni, le cicloaddizioni e le trasposizioni sigmatropiche. Grazie a questo lavoro Hoffmann vinse nel 1981 il premio Nobel per la chimica, condividendolo con Kenichi Fukui che svilupp\u00F2 un metodo simile, mentre Woodward mor\u00EC due anni prima che potesse ricevere il suo secondo Nobel. Essenzialmente le regole di Woodward-Hoffmann richiedono che siano soddisfatte le seguenti due condizioni generali: 1. \n* la reazione deve avere, come stato di transizione che determina la velocit\u00E0, un processo concertato, ovvero un processo che avviene in un singolo stadio; 2. \n* durante l'intero processo concertato devono continuare ad esistere uno o pi\u00F9 elementi di simmetria dell'intero sistema reagente originario. Le reazioni che obbediscono alle regole di Woodward-Hoffmann vengono dette a simmetria permessa. Le reazioni che invece non seguono tali regole richiedono molta pi\u00F9 energia (devono superare una barriera energetica maggiore) e vengono dette a simmetria proibita."@it . "Woodwardova\u2013Hoffmannova pravidla (tak\u00E9 naz\u00FDvan\u00E1 pravidla pericyklick\u00E9ho v\u00FDb\u011Bru) jsou skupinou pravidel pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FDch k p\u0159edpov\u00EDd\u00E1n\u00ED stereochemie a aktiva\u010Dn\u00ED energie pericyklick\u00FDch reakc\u00ED v organick\u00E9 chemii; objevili je Robert Burns Woodward a Roald Hoffmann. Jsou d\u016Fsledkem zm\u011Bn elektronov\u00E9 struktury, ke kter\u00FDm v pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu reakce doch\u00E1z\u00ED a byla odvozena od interakc\u00ED molekulov\u00FDch orbital\u016F. Lze je aplikovat na v\u0161echny druhy pericyklick\u00FDch reakc\u00ED, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00EDklad , , enov\u00E9, cheletropn\u00ED a dyotropn\u00ED reakce. D\u00EDky sv\u00E9 jednoduchosti a obecnosti se pova\u017Euj\u00ED za prvn\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDklad demonstruj\u00EDc\u00ED v\u00FDhody teorie molekulov\u00FDch prbital\u016F."@cs . . . . "De Woodward-Hoffmann-regels, voor het eerst geformuleerd door Robert Burns Woodward en Roald Hoffmann, vormen een stelsel van regels in de organische chemie waarmee de stereochemie van pericyclische reacties verklaard wordt op basis van orbitaalsymmetrie. Onder deze groep reacties vallen elektrocyclische reacties, cycloaddities en sigmatrope reacties. Hoffmann heeft in 1981 een (gedeelde) Nobelprijs voor de Scheikunde voor dit werk ontvangen, Woodward was twee jaar eerder overleden. Mocht hij nog geleefd hebben, dan zou hij een tweede Nobelprijs gewonnen hebben."@nl . . . . . . . . "R\u00E8gles de Woodward\u2013Hoffmann"@fr . . "\u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0425\u043E\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 (\u0413\u043E\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0430\u043B\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0425\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0438 . \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u043C: \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445. \u0422\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u043E, \u0435\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u0435\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u043E. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C\u043E \u043A \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F\u043C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044F \u0445\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F) \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0430\u043C. \u0417\u0430 \u044D\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u0425\u043E\u0444\u0444\u043C\u0430\u043D \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u041D\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u044E \u043F\u043E \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1981 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 (\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0441 \u041A\u044D\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0424\u0443\u043A\u0443\u0438). \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0434 \u0443\u043C\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043C\u044F \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u044D\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D \u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 (\u044D\u0442\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041D\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u044F)."@ru . . . . "\u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3\u5247\uFF08\u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3\u305D\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AWoodward-Hoffmann rules\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30DA\u30EA\u74B0\u72B6\u53CD\u5FDC\u306E\u9078\u629E\u6027\u3092\u8AAC\u660E\u3059\u308B\u6CD5\u5247\u3002\u305D\u306E\u5185\u5BB9\u304B\u3089\u8ECC\u9053\u5BFE\u79F0\u6027\u4FDD\u5B58\u5247\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u30021965\u5E74\u306B\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30D0\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30FB\u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9 (Robert Burns Woodward) \u3068\u30ED\u30A2\u30EB\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3 (Roald Hoffmann) \u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767A\u8868\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u30A6\u30C3\u30C9\u30EF\u30FC\u30C9\u30FB\u30DB\u30D5\u30DE\u30F3\u5247\u306F\u300C\u53CD\u5FDC\u306E\u524D\u5F8C\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u53CD\u5FDC\u306B\u95A2\u4E0E\u3059\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u306E\u6240\u5C5E\u3059\u308B\u5206\u5B50\u8ECC\u9053\u306E\u5BFE\u79F0\u6027\u306F\u4FDD\u5B58\u3055\u308C\u308B\u300D\u3068\u4E3B\u5F35\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u30DA\u30EA\u74B0\u72B6\u53CD\u5FDC\u304C\u8D77\u3053\u308A\u3046\u308B\u304B\u3069\u3046\u304B\u3001\u307E\u305F\u305D\u306E\u7ACB\u4F53\u7279\u7570\u6027\u304C\u8AAC\u660E\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . 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"Le regole di Woodward-Hoffmann, enunciate da Robert Burns Woodward e Roald Hoffmann, sono un insieme di regole che permettono, in chimica organica, di prevedere la stereochimica delle reazioni pericicliche sulla base della simmetria orbitalica. Furono sviluppate sulla base del metodo di H\u00FCckel esteso. Le reazioni in questione includono le elettrociclizzazioni, le cicloaddizioni e le trasposizioni sigmatropiche. Grazie a questo lavoro Hoffmann vinse nel 1981 il premio Nobel per la chimica, condividendolo con Kenichi Fukui che svilupp\u00F2 un metodo simile, mentre Woodward mor\u00EC due anni prima che potesse ricevere il suo secondo Nobel."@it . . . . . . . . . "Las reglas de Woodward-Hoffmann, propuestas por Robert Burns Woodward y Roald Hoffmann, son un conjunto de reglas en qu\u00EDmica org\u00E1nica que predicen la estereoqu\u00EDmica de las reacciones peric\u00EDclicas, bas\u00E1ndose en la simetr\u00EDa de los orbitales. Estas incluyen a las reacciones electroc\u00EDclicas, cicloadiciones, y reacciones sigmatr\u00F3picas. Por este trabajo, en 1981 Hoffmann fue galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica, comparti\u00E9ndolo con Kenichi Fukui, quien desarroll\u00F3 un modelo similar, mientras que Woodward hab\u00EDa muerto dos a\u00F1os antes, por lo que no era elegible para ganar el que hubiera sido su segundo Premio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica."@es . . . . . . . . . "Las reglas de Woodward-Hoffmann, propuestas por Robert Burns Woodward y Roald Hoffmann, son un conjunto de reglas en qu\u00EDmica org\u00E1nica que predicen la estereoqu\u00EDmica de las reacciones peric\u00EDclicas, bas\u00E1ndose en la simetr\u00EDa de los orbitales. Estas incluyen a las reacciones electroc\u00EDclicas, cicloadiciones, y reacciones sigmatr\u00F3picas. Por este trabajo, en 1981 Hoffmann fue galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica, comparti\u00E9ndolo con Kenichi Fukui, quien desarroll\u00F3 un modelo similar, mientras que Woodward hab\u00EDa muerto dos a\u00F1os antes, por lo que no era elegible para ganar el que hubiera sido su segundo Premio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica."@es . . . "De Woodward-Hoffmann-regels, voor het eerst geformuleerd door Robert Burns Woodward en Roald Hoffmann, vormen een stelsel van regels in de organische chemie waarmee de stereochemie van pericyclische reacties verklaard wordt op basis van orbitaalsymmetrie. Onder deze groep reacties vallen elektrocyclische reacties, cycloaddities en sigmatrope reacties. Hoffmann heeft in 1981 een (gedeelde) Nobelprijs voor de Scheikunde voor dit werk ontvangen, Woodward was twee jaar eerder overleden. Mocht hij nog geleefd hebben, dan zou hij een tweede Nobelprijs gewonnen hebben."@nl . . "As regras de Woodward-Hoffmann, propostas em 1965 por Robert Burns Woodward e Roald Hoffmann, s\u00E3o um conjunto de regras em qu\u00EDmica org\u00E2nica que predizem a estereoqu\u00EDmica das rea\u00E7\u00F5es peric\u00EDclicas, baseando-se na simetria dos orbitais. Estas incluem as rea\u00E7\u00F5es eletroc\u00EDclicas, cicloadi\u00E7\u00F5es, e rea\u00E7\u00F5es sigmatr\u00F3picas. Por este trabalho, em 1981 Hoffmann foi agraciado com o Pr\u00EAmio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica, compartilhando-o com Kenichi Fukui, que desenvolveu um modelo similar, ainda que Woodward tenha falecido dois anos antes, pelo que n\u00E3o era eleg\u00EDvel para ganhar o que haveria de ser seu segundo Pr\u00EAmio Nobel de Qu\u00EDmica."@pt . . "Reglas de Woodward-Hoffmann"@es . . . . . . . "Woodward-Hoffmann-regels"@nl . . . . . . .