. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Racism in the United States comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are related to each other, are held by various people and groups in the United States, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of the United States against racial or ethnic groups. Throughout American history, white Americans have generally enjoyed legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights, which have been denied to members of various ethnic or minority groups at various times. European Americans, particularly affluent white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, are said to have enjoyed advantages in matters of education, immigration, voting rights, citizenship, land acquisition, and criminal procedure."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Racisme aux \u00C9tats-Unis"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rasisme di Amerika Serikat"@in . . "Racismo nos Estados Unidos"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0647\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rassismus in den Vereinigten Staaten hat eine jahrhundertelange und vielf\u00E4ltige Geschichte. Vom 17. Jahrhundert, in der Epoche der Dreizehn Kolonien, bis in die 1960er Jahre genossen US-Amerikaner europ\u00E4ischer Herkunft, insbesondere WASPs, exklusive Vorrechte in den Bereichen Erziehung, Einwanderung, Stimmberechtigung, Staatsb\u00FCrgerschaft, Landerwerb und strafrechtliche Verfahren. Afroamerikaner wurden bis 1865 vor allem in den S\u00FCdstaaten als Sklaven gehalten und waren auch nach der Abschaffung der Sklaverei den Vorschriften der Rassentrennung unterworfen. Nicht-protestantische Einwanderer aus Europa, insbesondere Iren, Polen und Italiener wurden in der amerikanischen Gesellschaft vielfach aus nativistischen Gr\u00FCnden ausgeschlossen und galten nicht als \u201Evollst\u00E4ndig wei\u00DF\u201C. Auch asiatische Amerikaner und \u201EHispanics\u201C bzw. \u201ELatinos\u201C, d. h. Immigranten und deren Nachkommen aus spanisch- und portugiesischsprachigen L\u00E4ndern Amerikas, sehen sich Erscheinungen des Rassismus ausgesetzt. Zu den bedeutendsten Institutionen in den USA auf rassistischer Grundlage geh\u00F6ren Sklaverei und Rassentrennung, Indianerkriege, Indianerreservate, Internierungslager w\u00E4hrend des Zweiten Weltkriegs, haupts\u00E4chlich f\u00FCr etwa 120.000 japanischst\u00E4mmige Amerikaner und etwa 11.500 deutsche Staatsb\u00FCrger und Deutschamerikaner."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7F8E\u56FD\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rassismus in den Vereinigten Staaten"@de . . . . . . . . . . "O racismo e a discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9tnica nos Estados Unidos t\u00EAm sido um grande problema desde a \u00E9poca colonial e escravista do pa\u00EDs. Privil\u00E9gios e direitos legais ou socialmente sancionados eram dados aos estadunidenses brancos, mas n\u00E3o eram concedidos aos nativos americanos, afro-americanos, asi\u00E1tico-americanos e latinos. Entre as principais institui\u00E7\u00F5es racial e etnicamente estruturadas estavam a escravid\u00E3o, as guerras ind\u00EDgenas, as reservas ind\u00EDgenas, a segrega\u00E7\u00E3o, escolas residenciais para os nativos Americanos e campos de internamento."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Le racisme et la discrimination ethnique aux \u00C9tats-Unis sont un ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne majeur depuis l'\u00E9poque coloniale et l'\u00E9poque de l'esclavage. Le racisme institutionnalis\u00E9 accordait aux Am\u00E9ricains Blancs des droits et privil\u00E8ges refus\u00E9s aux Am\u00E9rindiens, Afro-Am\u00E9ricains, Asio-Am\u00E9ricains et aux Latino-Am\u00E9ricains. Les Euro-Am\u00E9ricains (en particulier les Anglo-Am\u00E9ricains) sont privil\u00E9gi\u00E9s par la loi en mati\u00E8re d'\u00E9ducation, d'immigration, de droit de vote, de citoyennet\u00E9, d'acquisition de terres et de proc\u00E9dure p\u00E9nale sur une p\u00E9riode allant du XVIIe si\u00E8cle aux ann\u00E9es 1960. \u00C0 cette \u00E9poque, de nombreux groupes non protestants immigrants d'Europe \u2014 particuli\u00E8rement les juifs, les catholiques, les Irlandais, les Polonais et les Italiens \u2014 sont victimes d'exclusion x\u00E9nophobe et d'autres formes de discrimination fond\u00E9es sur l'ethnicit\u00E9 dans la soci\u00E9t\u00E9 am\u00E9ricaine. Parmi les principales institutions racialement et ethniquement structur\u00E9es figurent l'esclavage, les guerres indiennes, les r\u00E9serves indiennes, la s\u00E9gr\u00E9gation raciale, pensionnats pour Autochtones aux \u00C9tats-Unis et les camps d'internement. La discrimination raciale officielle est en grande partie interdite au milieu du XXe si\u00E8cle et en est venu \u00E0 \u00EAtre per\u00E7ue comme socialement inacceptable et/ou moralement condamnable. Le racisme se (en) et emprunte des formes d'expression plus modernes et indirectes, la plus pr\u00E9dominante \u00E9tant le (en). La stratification raciale se perp\u00E9tue dans les secteurs de l'emploi, du logement, de l'\u00E9ducation, des pr\u00EAts bancaires et du gouvernement. Selon le (en), r\u00E9seau de dizaines d'organisations am\u00E9ricaines pour les droits civiques et les droits de l'homme, la \u00AB discrimination impr\u00E8gne tous les aspects de la vie aux \u00C9tats-Unis et s'\u00E9tend \u00E0 toutes les (en) \u00BB."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u81EA\u4EE5\u53CA\u5974\u96B6\u65F6\u4EE3\u5F00\u59CB\uFF0C\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u548C\u6C11\u65CF\u504F\u89C1\u5C31\u6210\u4E86\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u4E3B\u8981\u95EE\u9898\u3002\u6CD5\u5F8B\u66FE\u4E00\u5EA6\u9ED8\u8BB8\u4E86\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u5408\u6CD5\u6027\uFF0C\u5E76\u7ED9\u4E88\u767D\u4EBA\u53D7\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4FDD\u62A4\u7684\u4F18\u5F85\u548C\u6743\u5229\uFF0C\u800C\u8FD9\u4E9B\u6743\u5229\u4E0D\u4E3A\u7F8E\u56FD\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u3001\u975E\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u3001\u4E9A\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u4EE5\u53CA\u62C9\u4E01\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u6240\u4EAB\u6709\u3002\u4ECE17\u4E16\u7EAA\u5F00\u59CB\u4E00\u76F4\u523019\u4E16\u7EAA60\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u6B50\u88D4\u7F8E\u570B\u4EBA\uFF08\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u82F1\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\uFF09\u4EAB\u6709\u6CD5\u5F8B\u6240\u8D4B\u4E88\u7684\u7279\u6743\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E9B\u7279\u6743\u4E86\u5305\u62EC\u53D7\u6559\u80B2\u6743\u3001\u79FB\u6C11\u6743\u3001\u9009\u4E3E\u6743\u3001\u516C\u6C11\u6743\u3001\u571F\u5730\u5F81\u7528\u6743\u4EE5\u53CA\u5211\u4E8B\u8BC9\u8BBC\u6743\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u4ECE\u6B27\u6D32\u79FB\u6C11\u800C\u6765\u7684\u975E\u65B0\u6559\u5F92\u2500\u2500\u5C24\u5176\u50CF\u662F\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u3001\u7231\u5C14\u5170\u4EBA\u3001\u6CE2\u862D\u4EBA\u4EE5\u53CA\u610F\u5927\u5229\u4EBA\u2500\u2500\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\u793E\u4F1A\u4E2D\u90FD\u9047\u5230\u4E86\u6392\u5916\u4E3B\u4E49\u4EE5\u53CA\u5176\u4ED6\u4E00\u4E9B\u79CD\u65CF\u6B67\u89C6\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u800C\u6B67\u89C6\u4ED6\u4EEC\u7684\u4EBA\u5E76\u4E0D\u5B8C\u5168\u662F\u767D\u4EBA\u3002 \u4EE5\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u548C\u6C11\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u4E3A\u5BFC\u5411\u5236\u5EA6\u67B6\u6784\u4E3B\u8981\u5305\u62EC\u5974\u96B6\u5236\uFF0C\u4E0E\u5370\u7B2C\u5B89\u4EBA\u7684\u6218\u4E89\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u4FDD\u7559\u5730\uFF0C\u5BF9\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u7684\u9694\u79BB\uFF0C\u4E13\u95E8\u7684\u5BC4\u5BBF\u5B66\u6821\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u96C6\u4E2D\u8425\u3002\u5BF9\u79CD\u65CF\u6B67\u89C6\u7684\u6B63\u5F0F\u5E9F\u9664\u53D1\u751F\u572820\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E2D\u53F6\uFF0C\u4F46\u8FD9\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u793E\u4F1A\u6240\u63A5\u53D7\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E00\u884C\u4E3A\u4E5F\u88AB\u89C6\u4E3A\u6709\u6096\u9053\u5FB7\u3002\u4F46\u79CD\u65CF\u653F\u6CBB\u73B0\u8C61\u4ECD\u7136\u663E\u8457\u3002\u793E\u4F1A\u7ECF\u6D4E\u4E0D\u5E73\u7B49\u4E2D\u4F9D\u65E7\u4FDD\u6709\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u91C7\u53D6\u4E86\u4E00\u79CD\u66F4\u52A0\u73B0\u4EE3\u3001\u66F4\u52A0\u59D4\u5A49\u7684\u8868\u8FBE\u65B9\u5F0F\uFF0C\u8FD9\u79CD\u65B9\u5F0F\u6210\u4E86\u4E00\u79CD\u6700\u4E3A\u666E\u904D\u7684\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u7B26\u53F7\u3002\u79CD\u65CF\u5206\u5C42\u8FD8\u662F\u7EE7\u7EED\u5B58\u5728\u4E8E\u5C31\u4E1A\u3001\u5C45\u4F4F\u3001\u6559\u80B2\u3001\u8D37\u6B3E\u548C\u653F\u5E9C\u6CBB\u7406\u4E2D\u3002"@zh . . . "Rassismus in den Vereinigten Staaten hat eine jahrhundertelange und vielf\u00E4ltige Geschichte. Vom 17. Jahrhundert, in der Epoche der Dreizehn Kolonien, bis in die 1960er Jahre genossen US-Amerikaner europ\u00E4ischer Herkunft, insbesondere WASPs, exklusive Vorrechte in den Bereichen Erziehung, Einwanderung, Stimmberechtigung, Staatsb\u00FCrgerschaft, Landerwerb und strafrechtliche Verfahren. Afroamerikaner wurden bis 1865 vor allem in den S\u00FCdstaaten als Sklaven gehalten und waren auch nach der Abschaffung der Sklaverei den Vorschriften der Rassentrennung unterworfen. Nicht-protestantische Einwanderer aus Europa, insbesondere Iren, Polen und Italiener wurden in der amerikanischen Gesellschaft vielfach aus nativistischen Gr\u00FCnden ausgeschlossen und galten nicht als \u201Evollst\u00E4ndig wei\u00DF\u201C. Auch asiatische Ame"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410"@ru . . . . . . . "Rasisme di Amerika Serikat telah merebak sejak . Secara hukum dan sosial, hak-hak dan pemberian-pemberian diberikan kepada namun ditolak kepada Amerika Asli, Afrika Amerika, Asia Amerika dan Hispanik atau Latino Amerika. Eropa Amerika (terutama Protestan Anglo-Saxon kulit putih) diberi pemberian eksklusif dalam materi-materi pendidikan, imigrasi, hak suara, kewarganegaraan, kepemilikan tanah, dan prosedur kriminal sepanjang periode waktu yang terbentang dari abad ke-17 sampai 1960an. Namun, para imigran non-Protestan dari Eropa; terutama orang Irlandia, orang Polandia, dan orang Italia, yang mengalami pengecualian xenofobik dan bentuk diskriminasi berbasis etnis lainnya dalam masyarakat Amerika, masih dianggap ras rendah dan tak dianggap orang kulit putih sepenuhnya. Selain itu, kelompok seperti Yahudi dan Arab menghadapi diskriminasi berkelanjutan di Amerika Serikat, dan akibatnya, beberapa orang yang masuk kelompok tersebut tak diidentifikasikan sebagai orang kulit putih. Orang Asia Timur Selatan juga menghadapi rasisme di Amerika. Beberapa rakyat Amerika melihat pemilihan presiden Barack Obama, yang merupakan presiden kulit hitam pertama di negara itu, sebagai tanda bahwa negara tersebut telah memasuki era baru pasca-ras. Pemilihan Presiden Donald Trump pada tahun 2016, yang merupakan pendukung utama gerakan kelahiran rasis dan memiliki sejarah ucapan dan tindakan yang secara luas dipandang sebagai rasis atau tuduhan rasial, telah dilihat oleh beberapa komentator sebagai reaksi rasis terhadap pemilihan Obama. Pada 25 Mei 2020, George Floyd, seorang pria kulit hitam berusia 46 tahun, dibunuh oleh seorang petugas Departemen Kepolisian Minneapolis kulit putih Derek Chauvin, yang memaksa lututnya di leher Floyd selama total 9 menit dan 29 detik. Pembunuhan Floyd memicu gelombang unjuk rasa di seluruh Amerika Serikat dan di seluruh dunia. Ada insiden yang meluas terhadap orang Tionghoa Amerika dan orang Asia Amerika lainnya sebagai tanggapan terhadap pandemi COVID-19."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124767032"^^ . "Racismo en Estados Unidos"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "240176"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u81EA\u4EE5\u53CA\u5974\u96B6\u65F6\u4EE3\u5F00\u59CB\uFF0C\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u548C\u6C11\u65CF\u504F\u89C1\u5C31\u6210\u4E86\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u4E3B\u8981\u95EE\u9898\u3002\u6CD5\u5F8B\u66FE\u4E00\u5EA6\u9ED8\u8BB8\u4E86\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u5408\u6CD5\u6027\uFF0C\u5E76\u7ED9\u4E88\u767D\u4EBA\u53D7\u6CD5\u5F8B\u4FDD\u62A4\u7684\u4F18\u5F85\u548C\u6743\u5229\uFF0C\u800C\u8FD9\u4E9B\u6743\u5229\u4E0D\u4E3A\u7F8E\u56FD\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u3001\u975E\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u3001\u4E9A\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u4EE5\u53CA\u62C9\u4E01\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u6240\u4EAB\u6709\u3002\u4ECE17\u4E16\u7EAA\u5F00\u59CB\u4E00\u76F4\u523019\u4E16\u7EAA60\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u6B50\u88D4\u7F8E\u570B\u4EBA\uFF08\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u82F1\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\uFF09\u4EAB\u6709\u6CD5\u5F8B\u6240\u8D4B\u4E88\u7684\u7279\u6743\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E9B\u7279\u6743\u4E86\u5305\u62EC\u53D7\u6559\u80B2\u6743\u3001\u79FB\u6C11\u6743\u3001\u9009\u4E3E\u6743\u3001\u516C\u6C11\u6743\u3001\u571F\u5730\u5F81\u7528\u6743\u4EE5\u53CA\u5211\u4E8B\u8BC9\u8BBC\u6743\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u4ECE\u6B27\u6D32\u79FB\u6C11\u800C\u6765\u7684\u975E\u65B0\u6559\u5F92\u2500\u2500\u5C24\u5176\u50CF\u662F\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u3001\u7231\u5C14\u5170\u4EBA\u3001\u6CE2\u862D\u4EBA\u4EE5\u53CA\u610F\u5927\u5229\u4EBA\u2500\u2500\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\u793E\u4F1A\u4E2D\u90FD\u9047\u5230\u4E86\u6392\u5916\u4E3B\u4E49\u4EE5\u53CA\u5176\u4ED6\u4E00\u4E9B\u79CD\u65CF\u6B67\u89C6\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u800C\u6B67\u89C6\u4ED6\u4EEC\u7684\u4EBA\u5E76\u4E0D\u5B8C\u5168\u662F\u767D\u4EBA\u3002 \u4EE5\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u548C\u6C11\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u4E3A\u5BFC\u5411\u5236\u5EA6\u67B6\u6784\u4E3B\u8981\u5305\u62EC\u5974\u96B6\u5236\uFF0C\u4E0E\u5370\u7B2C\u5B89\u4EBA\u7684\u6218\u4E89\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u4FDD\u7559\u5730\uFF0C\u5BF9\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u7684\u9694\u79BB\uFF0C\u4E13\u95E8\u7684\u5BC4\u5BBF\u5B66\u6821\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u96C6\u4E2D\u8425\u3002\u5BF9\u79CD\u65CF\u6B67\u89C6\u7684\u6B63\u5F0F\u5E9F\u9664\u53D1\u751F\u572820\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E2D\u53F6\uFF0C\u4F46\u8FD9\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u793E\u4F1A\u6240\u63A5\u53D7\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E00\u884C\u4E3A\u4E5F\u88AB\u89C6\u4E3A\u6709\u6096\u9053\u5FB7\u3002\u4F46\u79CD\u65CF\u653F\u6CBB\u73B0\u8C61\u4ECD\u7136\u663E\u8457\u3002\u793E\u4F1A\u7ECF\u6D4E\u4E0D\u5E73\u7B49\u4E2D\u4F9D\u65E7\u4FDD\u6709\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u91C7\u53D6\u4E86\u4E00\u79CD\u66F4\u52A0\u73B0\u4EE3\u3001\u66F4\u52A0\u59D4\u5A49\u7684\u8868\u8FBE\u65B9\u5F0F\uFF0C\u8FD9\u79CD\u65B9\u5F0F\u6210\u4E86\u4E00\u79CD\u6700\u4E3A\u666E\u904D\u7684\u79CD\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u7B26\u53F7\u3002\u79CD\u65CF\u5206\u5C42\u8FD8\u662F\u7EE7\u7EED\u5B58\u5728\u4E8E\u5C31\u4E1A\u3001\u5C45\u4F4F\u3001\u6559\u80B2\u3001\u8D37\u6B3E\u548C\u653F\u5E9C\u6CBB\u7406\u4E2D\u3002 \u6DB5\u76D6\u4E86\u4F17\u591A\u7F8E\u56FD\u516C\u6C11\u6743\u548C\u4EBA\u6743\u7EC4\u7EC7\uFF0C\u5B83\u66FE\u62A5\u9053\u8BF4\uFF1A\u300C\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\uFF0C\u6B67\u89C6\u6E17\u900F\u4E8E\u751F\u6D3B\u7684\u65B9\u65B9\u9762\u9762\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5E76\u5EF6\u4F38\u5230\u4E86\u6240\u6709\u6709\u8272\u65CF\u7FA4\u4E2D\u3002\u300D\u867D\u7136\u5728\u8FC7\u53BB\u51E0\u5341\u5E74\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u7F8E\u56FD\u6C11\u4F17\u6240\u6301\u89C2\u70B9\u672C\u8D28\u4E0A\u5DF2\u7ECF\u6709\u6240\u8F6C\u53D8\uFF0C\u4F46\u7F8E\u56FD\u5E7F\u64AD\u516C\u53F8\u65B0\u95FB\u7F51\u7B49\u7EC4\u7EC7\u7684\u8C03\u67E5\u53D1\u73B0\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u627F\u8BA4\u8FD8\u662F\u6709\u6B67\u89C6\u6027\u89C2\u5FF5\uFF1B\u4F8B\u5982\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u5E7F\u64AD\u516C\u53F8\u65B0\u95FB\u7F512007\u5E74\u7684\u4E00\u7BC7\u6587\u7AE0\u8BF4\u5927\u7EA6\u5341\u5206\u4E4B\u4E00\u7684\u4EBA\u627F\u8BA4\u5BF9\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u6709\u79CD\u65CF\u504F\u89C1\uFF0C\u800C\u56DB\u5206\u4E4B\u4E00\u7684\u4EBA\u627F\u8BA4\u5BF9\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u88D4\u7F8E\u56FD\u4EBA\u6709\u79CD\u65CF\u504F\u89C1\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u3053\u306E\u9805\u76EE\u3067\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u4EBA\u7A2E\u5DEE\u5225\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u304C\u3063\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3053\u304F\u306E\u3058\u3093\u3057\u3085\u3055\u3079\u3064\u3001\u82F1\uFF1ARacism in the United States\uFF09\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "Le racisme et la discrimination ethnique aux \u00C9tats-Unis sont un ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne majeur depuis l'\u00E9poque coloniale et l'\u00E9poque de l'esclavage. Le racisme institutionnalis\u00E9 accordait aux Am\u00E9ricains Blancs des droits et privil\u00E8ges refus\u00E9s aux Am\u00E9rindiens, Afro-Am\u00E9ricains, Asio-Am\u00E9ricains et aux Latino-Am\u00E9ricains. Les Euro-Am\u00E9ricains (en particulier les Anglo-Am\u00E9ricains) sont privil\u00E9gi\u00E9s par la loi en mati\u00E8re d'\u00E9ducation, d'immigration, de droit de vote, de citoyennet\u00E9, d'acquisition de terres et de proc\u00E9dure p\u00E9nale sur une p\u00E9riode allant du XVIIe si\u00E8cle aux ann\u00E9es 1960. \u00C0 cette \u00E9poque, de nombreux groupes non protestants immigrants d'Europe \u2014 particuli\u00E8rement les juifs, les catholiques, les Irlandais, les Polonais et les Italiens \u2014 sont victimes d'exclusion x\u00E9nophobe et d'autres formes de discrimina"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Racism in the United States"@en . . . . . . . . "Il razzismo negli Stati Uniti d'America rappresenta un fenomeno storico presente fin dall'epoca coloniale. I privilegi e i diritti sanzionati legalmente o socialmente furono largamente dati ai bianchi americani, ma negati ai nativi americani, agli afroamericani, agli asioamericani e agli ispanici latinoamericani. Agli statunitensi di origine europea, in particolare ai ricchi protestanti anglosassoni, vennero concessi privilegi esclusivi in materia d'istruzione, immigrazione, diritto di voto, cittadinanza, acquisizione dei terreni e procedimenti penali per un lasso di tempo che va dal XVII secolo fino agli anni sessanta del XX secolo. Tuttavia, anche gli immigrati non protestanti provenienti dal continente europeo, in particolare i cittadini irlandesi, polacchi e italiani subirono, all'interno della societ\u00E0 statunitense, un'emarginazione xenofoba ed altre forme di discriminazione basate sull'etnia e, almeno fino ad un certo periodo, non vennero neppure considerati come degli \"autentici bianchi\". Inoltre, i gruppi originari del Medio Oriente, come gli Ebrei e gli Arabi, hanno dovuto affrontare anch'essi una pi\u00F9 o meno continua situazione discriminatoria; come diretta conseguenza di ci\u00F2, alcune persone appartenenti a queste comunit\u00E0 non si autoidentificano come \"bianchi statunitensi\". Anche coloro che provengono dall'Asia orientale e dall'Asia meridionale sono stati costretti ad affrontare il problema costituito dal pregiudizio razzista. Le principali istituzioni razziali etnicamente strutturate includono la schiavit\u00F9, la segregazione razziale, le cosiddette guerre indiane, le riserve indiane, la , le legislazioni sull'immigrazione e la naturalizzazione e i campi d'internamento durante la seconda guerra mondiale: l', dei e degli . Almeno formalmente, la discriminazione razziale \u00E8 stata abolita a partire dalla met\u00E0 del XX secolo e, con il trascorrere del tempo, \u00E8 stata sempre pi\u00F9 percepita come socialmente inaccettabile e/o moralmente ripugnante. La politica di stampo razziale rimane tuttavia un fenomeno di ampia portata ed il razzismo implicito continua ancora ai giorni nostri a riflettersi nelle ampie disparit\u00E0 e disuguaglianze socioeconomiche, fino a giungere a forme pi\u00F9 moderne e prevalentemente indirette di \"razzismo simbolico\". Un'ampia stratificazione sociale su base razziale continua a manifestarsi nell'ambito occupazionale ed in campo salariale, nella ricerca dell'alloggio, nell'istruzione e nella formazione professionale, nella concessione di prestiti e mutui e finanche in campo governativo. Secondo l'US Human Rights Network, un'organizzazione che concentra la propria attenzione sul rispetto dei diritti civili e che collabora con le organizzazioni per i diritti umani \"la discriminazione negli Stati Uniti permea tutti gli aspetti della vita e si estende a tutte le comunit\u00E0 di minoranza\". Mentre la natura dei punti di vista degli statunitensi medi si \u00E8 molto modificata nel corso degli ultimi decenni, le indagini condotte da parte di associazioni indipendenti - oltre che dalla stessa ABC News - hanno scoperto che, anche recentemente, ampi strati di popolazione si riconosce nelle pi\u00F9 comuni opinioni discriminatorie. Nel 2007 uno studio ha rilevato che una persona su dieci ammetteva di avere pregiudizi contro gli ispanici e sudamericani, mentre una su quattro manteneva forti giudizi negativi contro gli in generale."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043C, \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438\u043C \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043A \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0430\u043C. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043B\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u2014 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0446\u044B \u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0433\u0440\u044B-\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044B, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u044B. \u042E\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u041D\u043E, \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0440\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u044D\u0442\u043E, \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0446\u044B, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0446\u044B, \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044B, \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0438\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0446\u044B, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u043A\u0438, \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0438\u0445 \u00AB\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044B\u043C\u0438\u00BB."@ru . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u4EBA\u7A2E\u5DEE\u5225"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rasizm w Stanach Zjednoczonych istnieje od czas\u00F3w kolonialnych i obejmuje prawa, praktyki i dzia\u0142ania, kt\u00F3re dyskryminuj\u0105 r\u00F3\u017Cne grupy lub maj\u0105 na nie niekorzystny wp\u0142yw w inny spos\u00F3b, ze wzgl\u0119du na ich ras\u0119 lub pochodzenie etniczne. Podczas gdy wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 bia\u0142ych Amerykan\u00F3w cieszy si\u0119 prawnie lub spo\u0142ecznie usankcjonowanymi przywilejami i prawami, tych samych przywilej\u00F3w i praw mo\u017Cna odm\u00F3wi\u0107 cz\u0142onkom innych ras i grup mniejszo\u015Bciowych. Historycznie, Europejczycy, szczeg\u00F3lnie zamo\u017Cni biali anglosascy protestanci, cieszyli si\u0119 przywilejami w wymiarach edukacji, imigracji, praw wyborczych, obywatelstwa, nabywania ziemi i post\u0119powania karnego. W\u015Br\u00F3d grup, kt\u00F3re szczeg\u00F3lnie ucierpia\u0142y z powodu rasizmu, byli nieprotestanccy imigranci z Europy, w tym Irlandczycy, Polacy i W\u0142osi, kt\u00F3rzy do ko\u0144ca XIX i pocz\u0105tku XX wieku byli cz\u0119sto poddawani ksenofobicznemu wykluczeniu i innym formom dyskryminacji etnicznej w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie ameryka\u0144skim. Latynosi tak\u017Ce do\u015Bwiadczali rasizmu w Stanach Zjednoczonych, mimo \u017Ce wielu z nich ma europejskie pochodzenie. Grupy z Bliskiego Wschodu, takie jak \u017Bydzi, Arabowie i Ira\u0144czycy, nieustannie spotykaj\u0105 si\u0119 z dyskryminacj\u0105 w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w wyniku czego niekt\u00F3rzy ludzie, kt\u00F3rzy nale\u017C\u0105 do tych grup, nie identyfikuj\u0105 si\u0119 jako biali i nie s\u0105 za nie postrzegani. Afroamerykanie spotykali si\u0119 z ograniczeniami swob\u00F3d politycznych, spo\u0142ecznych i ekonomicznych przez wi\u0119ksz\u0105 cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 historii Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych. Rdzenni Amerykanie do\u015Bwiadczyli ludob\u00F3jstwa, przymusowych wysiedle\u0144, masakr i dyskryminacji. Ponadto dyskryminowani byli r\u00F3wnie\u017C mieszka\u0144cy Azji Wschodniej, Po\u0142udniowej i Po\u0142udniowo-Wschodniej oraz mieszka\u0144cy wysp Pacyfiku. G\u0142\u00F3wne instytucje o strukturze rasowej i etnicznej oraz przejawy rasizmu obejmowa\u0142y ludob\u00F3jstwo, niewolnictwo, segregacj\u0119, rezerwaty rdzennych Amerykan\u00F3w, prawa imigracyjne i naturalizacyjne oraz obozy internowania (patrz np. internowanie Amerykan\u00F3w pochodzenia japo\u0144skiego w czasie II wojny \u015Bwiatowej). Formalna dyskryminacja rasowa zosta\u0142a w du\u017Cej mierze zakazana przez XX wieku i z czasem zacz\u0119to j\u0105 postrzega\u0107 jako spo\u0142ecznie i moralnie nie do przyj\u0119cia. Niemniej rasizm nadal znajduje odzwierciedlenie w nier\u00F3wno\u015Bci spo\u0142eczno-ekonomicznej. W ostatnich latach badania ujawni\u0142y liczne przyk\u0142ady dyskryminacji rasow\u0105 w r\u00F3\u017Cnych wymiarach wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnego spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa USA, w tym w systemie s\u0105downictwa karnego, biznesie. gospodarce, mieszkalnictwie, s\u0142u\u017Cbie zdrowia, mediach i w polityce. W opinii Organizacji Narod\u00F3w Zjednoczonych i US Human Rights Network z 2010 r. \u201Edyskryminacja w Stanach Zjednoczonych przenika wszystkie aspekty \u017Cycia i rozci\u0105ga si\u0119 na wszystkie spo\u0142eczno\u015Bci kolorowe\u201D. Niekt\u00F3rzy Amerykanie postrzegali kandydatur\u0119 Baracka Obamy na prezydenta, kt\u00F3ry by\u0142 prezydentem Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych w latach 2009-2017 i by\u0142 pierwszym czarnym prezydentem w kraju, jako znak, \u017Ce nar\u00F3d wszed\u0142 w now\u0105 er\u0119 postrasow\u0105. Wybory prezydenta Donalda Trumpa w 2016 roku, kt\u00F3ry by\u0142 g\u0142\u00F3wnym or\u0119downikiem rasistowskiego ruchu w USA (kt\u00F3ry argumentowa\u0142, \u017Ce Obama nie urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 w Stanach Zjednoczonych) i prowadzi\u0142 kampani\u0119 o zabarwieniu rasowym, by\u0142 postrzegany przez niekt\u00F3rych komentator\u00F3w jako rasistowska reakcja na wyb\u00F3r Baracka Obamy. Przed wyborami i po nich Trump mia\u0142 histori\u0119 przem\u00F3wie\u0144 i dzia\u0142a\u0144, kt\u00F3re by\u0142y powszechnie postrzegane jako rasistowskie. W po\u0142owie 2010 roku spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwo ameryka\u0144skie by\u0142o \u015Bwiadkiem odrodzenia si\u0119 wysokiego poziomu rasizmu i dyskryminacji. Jednym z nowych zjawisk by\u0142o powstanie ruchu \u201Ealt-prawicowego\u201D: bia\u0142ej koalicji nacjonalistycznej, kt\u00F3ra d\u0105\u017Cy do wyp\u0119dzenia mniejszo\u015Bci seksualnych i rasowych ze Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych. Od po\u0142owy 2010 roku Departament Bezpiecze\u0144stwa Krajowego Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych i Federalne Biuro \u015Aledcze zidentyfikowa\u0142y przemoc bia\u0142ej supremacji jako g\u0142\u00F3wne zagro\u017Cenie terroryzmem krajowym w Stanach Zjednoczonych."@pl . . . . . "Racism in the United States comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are related to each other, are held by various people and groups in the United States, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of the United States against racial or ethnic groups. Throughout American history, white Americans have generally enjoyed legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights, which have been denied to members of various ethnic or minority groups at various times. European Americans, particularly affluent white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, are said to have enjoyed advantages in matters of education, immigration, voting rights, citizenship, land acquisition, and criminal procedure. Racism against various ethnic or minority groups has existed in the United States since the early colonial era. Before 1865, most African Americans were enslaved and even afterwards, they have faced severe restrictions on their political, social, and economic freedoms. Native Americans have suffered genocide, forced removals, and massacres, and they continue to face discrimination. Hispanics, Middle Eastern and Asian Americans along with Pacific Islanders have also been the victims of discrimination. In addition, non-Protestant immigrants from Europe, particularly Jews, Poles, Italians, and the Irish were often subjected to xenophobic exclusion and other forms of ethnicity-based discrimination. Racism has manifested itself in a variety of ways, including genocide, slavery, lynchings, segregation, Native American reservations and boarding schools, racist immigration and naturalization laws, and internment camps. Formal racial discrimination was largely banned by the mid-20th century and over time, coming to be perceived as socially and morally unacceptable. Racial politics remains a major phenomenon, and racism continues to be reflected in socioeconomic inequality. Into the 21st century, research has uncovered extensive evidence of racial discrimination in various sectors of modern U.S. society, including the system, , the economy, , , the , and . In the view of the United Nations and the U.S. Human Rights Network, \"discrimination in the United States permeates all aspects of life and extends to all communities of color.\""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El racismo en Estados Unidos se ha manifestado mayormente entre los estadounidenses de ascendencia europea hacia personas descendientes de africanos, asi\u00E1ticos, ind\u00EDgenas de Am\u00E9rica, latinoamericanos, y otros inmigrantes en general. Hay que aclarar subrayado que una religi\u00F3n, como la isl\u00E1mica, nacionalidad, lengua, costumbres o cultura no determina una raza. Esto se denota al denominar el racismo a chinos, israel\u00EDes, rusos, mexicanos o americanos que son pa\u00EDses y regiones multirraciales, o continentes como Asia, que tiene diversidad de etnias. Durante esta \u00E9poca surgieron las leyes Jim Crow que consist\u00EDa en la segregaci\u00F3n racial en todas las instalaciones p\u00FAblicas. La discriminaci\u00F3n racial formal fue prohibida en gran medida a mediados del siglo XX y, con el tiempo, lleg\u00F3 a ser percibida como social y moralmente inaceptable. La pol\u00EDtica racial sigue siendo un fen\u00F3meno importante, y el racismo sigue reflej\u00E1ndose en la desigualdad socioecon\u00F3mica. La investigaci\u00F3n ha encontrado evidencia extensa de discriminaci\u00F3n racial en varios sectores de la sociedad moderna de los Estados Unidos, Incluyendo la justicia penal, los negocios, la econom\u00EDa, la vivienda, atenci\u00F3n m\u00E9dica, medios y pol\u00EDtica en los \u00FAltimos a\u00F1os en los Estados Unidos. En opini\u00F3n de las Naciones Unidas y la Red de Derechos Humanos de los Estados Unidos, \"la discriminaci\u00F3n en los Estados Unidos impregna todos los aspectos de la vida y se extiende a todas las comunidades de color\". Algunos estadounidenses vieron la candidatura presidencial de Barack Obama, quien se desempe\u00F1\u00F3 como presidente de los Estados Unidos de 2009 a 2017 y fue el primer presidente negro de la naci\u00F3n, como una se\u00F1al de que la naci\u00F3n hab\u00EDa entrado en una nueva era post-racial. Algunos comentaristas consideraron que la elecci\u00F3n del presidente Donald Trump en 2016, que fue uno de los principales defensores del movimiento de nacimiento en los EE. UU. \u200B A mediados de la d\u00E9cada de 2010, la sociedad estadounidense ha visto un resurgimiento de altos niveles de racismo y discriminaci\u00F3n. Un nuevo fen\u00F3meno ha sido el surgimiento del movimiento \"alt-right\": una coalici\u00F3n nacionalista blanca que busca la expulsi\u00F3n de las minor\u00EDas sexuales y raciales de los Estados Unidos. En agosto de 2017, estos grupos asistieron a una manifestaci\u00F3n en Charlottesville, Virginia, con la intenci\u00F3n de unificar varias facciones nacionalistas blancas. Durante el mitin, un manifestante supremacista blanco condujo su autom\u00F3vil contra un grupo de contramanifestantes, matando a una persona e hiriendo a 19.\u200B Desde mediados de la d\u00E9cada de 2010, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional y la Oficina Federal de Investigaci\u00F3n han identificado la violencia supremacista blanca como la principal amenaza de terrorismo interno en los Estados Unidos.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u3053\u306E\u9805\u76EE\u3067\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u4EBA\u7A2E\u5DEE\u5225\uFF08\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u304C\u3063\u3057\u3085\u3046\u3053\u304F\u306E\u3058\u3093\u3057\u3085\u3055\u3079\u3064\u3001\u82F1\uFF1ARacism in the United States\uFF09\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Razzismo negli Stati Uniti d'America"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "El racismo en Estados Unidos se ha manifestado mayormente entre los estadounidenses de ascendencia europea hacia personas descendientes de africanos, asi\u00E1ticos, ind\u00EDgenas de Am\u00E9rica, latinoamericanos, y otros inmigrantes en general. Hay que aclarar subrayado que una religi\u00F3n, como la isl\u00E1mica, nacionalidad, lengua, costumbres o cultura no determina una raza. Esto se denota al denominar el racismo a chinos, israel\u00EDes, rusos, mexicanos o americanos que son pa\u00EDses y regiones multirraciales, o continentes como Asia, que tiene diversidad de etnias. Durante esta \u00E9poca surgieron las leyes Jim Crow que consist\u00EDa en la segregaci\u00F3n racial en todas las instalaciones p\u00FAblicas."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2162835"^^ . . . . . . . . . "O racismo e a discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9tnica nos Estados Unidos t\u00EAm sido um grande problema desde a \u00E9poca colonial e escravista do pa\u00EDs. Privil\u00E9gios e direitos legais ou socialmente sancionados eram dados aos estadunidenses brancos, mas n\u00E3o eram concedidos aos nativos americanos, afro-americanos, asi\u00E1tico-americanos e latinos. Aos estadunidenses europeus (especialmente aos WASP) foram concedidos privil\u00E9gios exclusivos em mat\u00E9ria de educa\u00E7\u00E3o, imigra\u00E7\u00E3o, direito ao voto, cidadania, aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o de terra e processo penal por um longo per\u00EDodo de tempo, estendendo-se desde o s\u00E9culo XVII at\u00E9 a d\u00E9cada de 1960. No entanto, imigrantes europeus que n\u00E3o eram protestantes, especialmente irlandeses, poloneses e italianos, mas tamb\u00E9m em menor n\u00FAmero eslavos, h\u00FAngaros e franceses, tamb\u00E9m sofriam ataques xen\u00F3fobos e discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o ou exclus\u00E3o \u00E9tnica na sociedade estadunidense, al\u00E9m de n\u00E3o serem considerados totalmente brancos. Al\u00E9m disso, grupos do Oriente M\u00E9dio, como judeus e \u00E1rabes, enfrentaram cont\u00EDnua discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o nos Estados Unidos e, como resultado disto, algumas pessoas pertencentes a esses grupos n\u00E3o se identificam como brancos. Pessoas do Sudeste Asi\u00E1tico e do Leste da \u00C1sia, da mesma forma enfrentaram o racismo no pa\u00EDs. Entre as principais institui\u00E7\u00F5es racial e etnicamente estruturadas estavam a escravid\u00E3o, as guerras ind\u00EDgenas, as reservas ind\u00EDgenas, a segrega\u00E7\u00E3o, escolas residenciais para os nativos Americanos e campos de internamento. A discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o racial formal foi praticamente banida em meados do s\u00E9culo XX e passou a ser percebida como socialmente inaceit\u00E1vel e/ou moralmente repugnante. No entanto, as pol\u00EDticas raciais continuam sendo um fen\u00F4meno de grandes propor\u00E7\u00F5es, e o racismo continua a ser refletido na desigualdade socioecon\u00F4mica. na estratifica\u00E7\u00E3o racial do mercado de trabalho, na habita\u00E7\u00E3o, na educa\u00E7\u00E3o, em empr\u00E9stimos e no governo. Na vis\u00E3o das Rede de Direitos Humanos dos Estados Unidos, uma rede de dezenas de organiza\u00E7\u00F5es de direitos humanos e direitos civis do pa\u00EDs, \"a discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o permeia todos os aspectos da vida nos Estados Unidos e se estende a todas as comunidades de cor\". Embora a natureza das opini\u00F5es defendidas pelos estadunidense m\u00E9dios tenha mudado muito ao longo das \u00FAltimas d\u00E9cadas, pesquisas feitas por organiza\u00E7\u00F5es como ABC News descobriram que, at\u00E9 recentemente, grande parte dos habitantes do pa\u00EDs admitiam pontos de vista discriminat\u00F3rios; por exemplo, um artigo de 2007 feito pela ABC afirmou que cerca de um em cada dez estadunidenses confessaram preconceitos contra hispano-americanos e cerca de um em cada quatro deles o fizeram em rela\u00E7\u00E3o a \u00E1rabe-americanos. Os Estados Unidos apesar de toda a sua hist\u00F3ria de racismo, foram o primeiro pa\u00EDs a organizar um tribunal condenando o racismo."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "Rasizm w Stanach Zjednoczonych istnieje od czas\u00F3w kolonialnych i obejmuje prawa, praktyki i dzia\u0142ania, kt\u00F3re dyskryminuj\u0105 r\u00F3\u017Cne grupy lub maj\u0105 na nie niekorzystny wp\u0142yw w inny spos\u00F3b, ze wzgl\u0119du na ich ras\u0119 lub pochodzenie etniczne. Podczas gdy wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 bia\u0142ych Amerykan\u00F3w cieszy si\u0119 prawnie lub spo\u0142ecznie usankcjonowanymi przywilejami i prawami, tych samych przywilej\u00F3w i praw mo\u017Cna odm\u00F3wi\u0107 cz\u0142onkom innych ras i grup mniejszo\u015Bciowych. Historycznie, Europejczycy, szczeg\u00F3lnie zamo\u017Cni biali anglosascy protestanci, cieszyli si\u0119 przywilejami w wymiarach edukacji, imigracji, praw wyborczych, obywatelstwa, nabywania ziemi i post\u0119powania karnego."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . "Rasisme di Amerika Serikat telah merebak sejak . Secara hukum dan sosial, hak-hak dan pemberian-pemberian diberikan kepada namun ditolak kepada Amerika Asli, Afrika Amerika, Asia Amerika dan Hispanik atau Latino Amerika. Eropa Amerika (terutama Protestan Anglo-Saxon kulit putih) diberi pemberian eksklusif dalam materi-materi pendidikan, imigrasi, hak suara, kewarganegaraan, kepemilikan tanah, dan prosedur kriminal sepanjang periode waktu yang terbentang dari abad ke-17 sampai 1960an. Namun, para imigran non-Protestan dari Eropa; terutama orang Irlandia, orang Polandia, dan orang Italia, yang mengalami pengecualian xenofobik dan bentuk diskriminasi berbasis etnis lainnya dalam masyarakat Amerika, masih dianggap ras rendah dan tak dianggap orang kulit putih sepenuhnya. Selain itu, kelompok "@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rasizm w Stanach Zjednoczonych"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Il razzismo negli Stati Uniti d'America rappresenta un fenomeno storico presente fin dall'epoca coloniale. I privilegi e i diritti sanzionati legalmente o socialmente furono largamente dati ai bianchi americani, ma negati ai nativi americani, agli afroamericani, agli asioamericani e agli ispanici latinoamericani. Agli statunitensi di origine europea, in particolare ai ricchi protestanti anglosassoni, vennero concessi privilegi esclusivi in materia d'istruzione, immigrazione, diritto di voto, cittadinanza, acquisizione dei terreni e procedimenti penali per un lasso di tempo che va dal XVII secolo fino agli anni sessanta del XX secolo."@it . 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