. . . . . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen (28 juillet 1881 \u2013 1er janvier 1937) est un th\u00E9ologien presbyt\u00E9rien am\u00E9ricain du d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle. Il est professeur de Nouveau Testament au S\u00E9minaire th\u00E9ologique de Princeton entre 1915 et 1929, il dirige une r\u00E9volte conservatrice contre la th\u00E9ologie lib\u00E9rale \u00E0 Princeton et forme le S\u00E9minaire th\u00E9ologique de Westminster comme une alternative plus orthodoxe. Comme l'\u00E9glise presbyt\u00E9rienne du Nord continue \u00E0 rejeter les tentatives conservatrices pour renforcer la fid\u00E9lit\u00E9 \u00E0 la Confession de foi de Westminster, Machen dirige un petit groupe de conservateurs en dehors de l'\u00E9glise pour former l'\u00C9glise presbyt\u00E9rienne orthodoxe. Quand l'\u00C9glise presbyt\u00E9rienne aux \u00C9tats-Unis d'Am\u00E9rique (PCUSA) rejette ses arguments durant le milieu des ann\u00E9es 1920 et d\u00E9cide de r\u00E9organiser le s"@fr . . . . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen (/\u02C8\u0261r\u025Bs\u0259m \u02C8me\u026At\u0283\u0259n/; 1881\u20131937) was an American Presbyterian New Testament scholar and educator in the early 20th century. He was the Professor of New Testament at Princeton Seminary between 1906 and 1929, and led a revolt against modernist theology at Princeton and formed Westminster Theological Seminary as a more orthodox alternative. As the Northern Presbyterian Church continued to reject conservative attempts to enforce faithfulness to the Westminster Confession, Machen led a small group of conservatives out of the church to form the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. When the northern Presbyterian church (PCUSA) rejected his arguments during the mid-1920s and decided to reorganize Princeton Seminary to create a liberal school, Machen took the lead in founding Westminster Seminary in Philadelphia (1929) where he taught New Testament until his death. His continued opposition during the 1930s to liberalism in his denomination's foreign missions agencies led to the creation of a new organization, the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions (1933). The trial, conviction and suspension from the ministry of Independent Board members, including Machen, in 1935 and 1936 provided the rationale for the formation in 1936 of the OPC. Machen is considered to be the last of the great Princeton theologians who had, since the formation of the college in the early 19th century, developed Princeton theology: a conservative and Calvinist form of Evangelical Christianity. Although Machen can be compared to the great Princeton theologians (Archibald Alexander, Charles Hodge, A. A. Hodge, and B. B. Warfield), he was neither a lecturer in theology (he was a New Testament scholar) nor did he ever become the seminary's principal. Machen's influence can still be felt today through the existence of the institutions that he founded: Westminster Theological Seminary, the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions, and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. In addition, his textbook on basic New Testament Greek is still used today in many seminaries, including PCUSA schools."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Machen,+J.+Gresham+"@en . . . "John Gresham Machen fue el fundador de la (Orthodox Presbiterian Church), OPC."@es . . "1937-01-01"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen (28 juillet 1881 \u2013 1er janvier 1937) est un th\u00E9ologien presbyt\u00E9rien am\u00E9ricain du d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle. Il est professeur de Nouveau Testament au S\u00E9minaire th\u00E9ologique de Princeton entre 1915 et 1929, il dirige une r\u00E9volte conservatrice contre la th\u00E9ologie lib\u00E9rale \u00E0 Princeton et forme le S\u00E9minaire th\u00E9ologique de Westminster comme une alternative plus orthodoxe. Comme l'\u00E9glise presbyt\u00E9rienne du Nord continue \u00E0 rejeter les tentatives conservatrices pour renforcer la fid\u00E9lit\u00E9 \u00E0 la Confession de foi de Westminster, Machen dirige un petit groupe de conservateurs en dehors de l'\u00E9glise pour former l'\u00C9glise presbyt\u00E9rienne orthodoxe. Quand l'\u00C9glise presbyt\u00E9rienne aux \u00C9tats-Unis d'Am\u00E9rique (PCUSA) rejette ses arguments durant le milieu des ann\u00E9es 1920 et d\u00E9cide de r\u00E9organiser le s\u00E9minaire th\u00E9ologique de Princeton pour cr\u00E9er une \u00E9cole lib\u00E9rale, Machen fonde et prend la direction du s\u00E9minaire th\u00E9ologique de Westminster \u00E0 Philadelphie (1929) o\u00F9 il enseigne le Nouveau Testament jusqu'\u00E0 sa mort. Son opposition continuelle durant les ann\u00E9es 1930 au lib\u00E9ralisme dans les missions \u00E9trang\u00E8res presbyt\u00E9riennes l'am\u00E8ne \u00E0 cr\u00E9er une nouvelle organisation, le bureau ind\u00E9pendant pour les missions \u00E9trang\u00E8res presbyt\u00E9riennes (The Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions (IBPFM)) en 1933. Le jugement, la condamnation et la suspension du minist\u00E8re des membres de l'IBPFM, dont Machen, en 1935 et en 1936, fournit les raisons de la formation en 1936 de l'OPC. Machen est consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme le dernier des grands th\u00E9ologiens de Princeton qui ont, depuis la cr\u00E9ation de l'universit\u00E9 au d\u00E9but du XIXe si\u00E8cle, d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 la th\u00E9ologie de Princeton, une forme conservatrice et calviniste du christianisme \u00E9vang\u00E9lique. Bien que Machen ait \u00E9t\u00E9 compar\u00E9 aux grands th\u00E9ologiens de Princeton (Archibald Alexander, Charles Hodge, A. A. Hodge and B. B. Warfield), il n'est jamais un charg\u00E9 de cours en th\u00E9ologie (il est un \u00E9rudit du Nouveau Testament) ni m\u00EAme le responsable du s\u00E9minaire. L'influence de Machen peut \u00EAtre encore ressentie aujourd'hui \u00E0 travers l'existence d'institutions actuelles qu'il fonde -le s\u00E9minaire th\u00E9ologique de Westminster et l'\u00E9glise presbyt\u00E9rienne orthodoxe (OPC). De plus, son manuel sur le grec du Nouveau Testament est encore utilis\u00E9 aujourd'hui dans de nombreux s\u00E9minaires, dont des \u00E9coles de la PCUSA. Interrog\u00E9 sur la fa\u00E7on de dire son nom, il l'explique \u00E0 \"The Literary Digest\" \"La premi\u00E8re syllabe est prononc\u00E9 comme \"May\", le nom du mois. Dans la seconde syllabe ch est comme dans \"chin\", avec un \"e\" comme dans \"pen\": may'chen. Dans Gresham, le h est silencieux: gres'am.\"[1]"@fr . . . . . . . . . "1937-01-01"^^ . . . . "John Gresham Machen (/\u02C8\u0261r\u025Bs\u0259m \u02C8me\u026At\u0283\u0259n/; 1881\u20131937) was an American Presbyterian New Testament scholar and educator in the early 20th century. He was the Professor of New Testament at Princeton Seminary between 1906 and 1929, and led a revolt against modernist theology at Princeton and formed Westminster Theological Seminary as a more orthodox alternative. As the Northern Presbyterian Church continued to reject conservative attempts to enforce faithfulness to the Westminster Confession, Machen led a small group of conservatives out of the church to form the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. When the northern Presbyterian church (PCUSA) rejected his arguments during the mid-1920s and decided to reorganize Princeton Seminary to create a liberal school, Machen took the lead in founding Westminste"@en . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30EC\u30C3\u30B5\u30E0\u30FB\u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E:John Gresham Machen\u30011881\u5E747\u670828\u65E5 \u2013 1937\u5E741\u67081\u65E5) \u306F\u300120\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u982D\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3001\u9577\u8001\u6D3E\u6559\u4F1A\u306E\u795E\u5B66\u8005\u3002 \u5F7C\u306F\u30011915\u5E74-1929\u5E74\u3001\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u306E\u65B0\u7D04\u8056\u66F8\u5B66\u306E\u6559\u6388\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u304C\u6B21\u7B2C\u306B\u5909\u8CEA\u3057\u3066\u53D7\u3051\u5165\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u8FD1\u4EE3\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u7FA9\u795E\u5B66\uFF08\u30EA\u30D9\u30E9\u30EB\uFF09\u306B\u53CD\u5BFE\u3057\u3001\u798F\u97F3\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u6B63\u7D71\u7684\u306A\u4FE1\u4EF0\u3092\u5B88\u308B\u305F\u3081\u30A6\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30DF\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u3092\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u6240\u5C5E\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\uFF08PCUSA\uFF09\u304C\u30EA\u30D9\u30E9\u30EB\u5316\u306E\u65B9\u5411\u306B\u5411\u304B\u3044\u3001\u30A6\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30DF\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u4FE1\u4EF0\u544A\u767D\u306E\u9075\u5B88\u3092\u62D2\u3093\u3060\u305F\u3081\u3001\u6B63\u7D71\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\uFF08OPC\uFF09\u3092\u5275\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u30021920\u5E74\u306BPCUSA\u304C\u5BFE\u8A71\u3092\u62D2\u307F\u3001\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u7FA9\u795E\u5B66\u7684\u306A\u8DEF\u7DDA\u3067\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u518D\u7DE8\u6210\u3092\u884C\u3046\u3068\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3057\u305F\u306E\u3067\u3001\u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u30D5\u30A3\u30E9\u30C7\u30EB\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u306B\u30A6\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30DF\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u3092\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u3001\u6B7B\u53BB\u3059\u308B\u307E\u3067\u3001\u305D\u3053\u3067\u65B0\u7D04\u8056\u66F8\u3092\u6559\u3048\u305F\u3002 \u30EA\u30D9\u30E9\u30EB\u306B\u53CD\u5BFE\u3059\u308B1930\u5E74\u4EE3\u306E\u5F7C\u306E\u50CD\u304D\u306F\u3001\u72EC\u7ACB\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\u6D77\u5916\u5BA3\u6559\u30DF\u30C3\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3The Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions\uFF081933\u5E74\uFF09\u306E\u8A2D\u7ACB\u306B\u81F3\u3063\u305F\u30021935\u5E74\u30011936\u5E74\u306E\u72EC\u7ACB\u30DF\u30C3\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u306E\u30E1\u30F3\u30D0\u30FC\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u30DF\u30CB\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC\u306E\u57F7\u884C\u505C\u6B62\u51E6\u5206\u306F\u3001OPC\u304C\u5F62\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen"@en . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "25740"^^ . . . "J. Gresham Machen"@en . . . "1881-07-28"^^ . "John Gresham Machen (* 28. Juli 1881 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA; \u2020 1. Januar 1937 in Bismarck, North Dakota, USA) war ein US-amerikanischer presbyterianischer Theologe im fr\u00FChen 20. Jahrhundert. Er war Professor f\u00FCr Neues Testament am Princeton Theological Seminary von 1915 bis 1929. Er f\u00FChrte einen konservativen Aufstand gegen die modernistische Theologie in Princeton an und gr\u00FCndete 1929 das Westminster Theological Seminary als eine Hochschule, die sich st\u00E4rker an der urspr\u00FCnglichen biblischen Lehre und Praxis orientierte."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen"@en . . . . "1114347472"^^ . . . . . "2017-04-29"^^ . "J. Gresham Machen"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen"@de . . . . "\uC874 \uADF8\uB808\uC0F4 \uBA54\uC774\uCCB8(John Gresham Machen, 1881\uB144 7\uC6D4 28\uC77C ~ 1937\uB144 1\uC6D4 1\uC77C)\uC740 20 \uC138\uAE30 \uCD08 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uC2E0\uD559\uC790\uC600\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \"\uADF8\uB798\uD568 \uBA54\uCC9C\" \uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB9AC\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. 1906\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1929\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uC758 \uC2E0\uC57D \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC7AC\uC9C1\uD588\uB2E4. \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uAC00 \uACE0\uB4F1\uBE44\uD3C9\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uB2F9\uB300\uC758 \uC2E0\uD559\uD750\uB984\uC744 \uC218\uC6A9\uD558\uBA70 \uAE30\uC874\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC5D0\uC11C \uC774\uD0C8\uD558\uC790 \uAD50\uC218\uC9C1\uC744 \uC0AC\uC784\uD558\uACE0 \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50(Wesminster Theological Seminary)\uB97C \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C 1936\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uC815\uD1B5\uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50\uD68C(OPC)\uB97C \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. \uBA54\uC774\uCCB8\uC740 \uC874\uC2A4\uD649\uD0A8\uC2A4\uB300\uD559\uACFC \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uB97C \uAC70\uCCD0 \uB3C5\uC77C \uB9C8\uB974\uBD80\uB974\uD06C \uB300\uD559\uACFC \uAD34\uD305\uAC90 \uB300\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uBD80\uD588\uB2E4. \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uC790\uC720\uC8FC\uC758 \uC2E0\uD559\uC790\uC778 \uBE4C\uD5EC\uB984 \uD5E4\uB974\uB9CC\uC5D0\uAC8C \uBC30\uC6B0\uBA74\uC11C \uC2E0\uD559\uC801 \uC815\uCCB4\uC131\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uACE0\uBBFC\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C0\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uC73C\uB098, \uACB0\uAD6D \uC815\uD1B5\uC2E0\uD559\uC73C\uB85C \uB3CC\uC544\uC624\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC73C\uB85C \uB3CC\uC544\uC640 \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2E0\uC57D\uD559 \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC7AC\uC9C1\uD558\uBA70 \"\uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\"\uACFC \"\uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uB3C4\uC758 \uB3D9\uC815\uB140 \uD0C4\uC0DD\"\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uB17C\uBB38\uACFC \uB2E8\uD589\uBCF8\uC744 \uBC1C\uAC04\uD574 \uD559\uBB38\uC801 \uD0C1\uC6D4\uD568\uC744 \uC778\uC815\uBC1B\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uADF8\uAC00 \uC800\uC220\uD55C \u300E\uC2E0\uC57D\uC131\uC11C \uD5EC\uB77C\uC5B4 \uBB38\uBC95\u300F\uC740 \uD55C \uC138\uAE30 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC2DC\uAC04\uB3D9\uC548 \uD5EC\uB77C\uC5B4 \uACF5\uBD80\uC758 \uD45C\uC900\uC11C\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30EC\u30C3\u30B5\u30E0\u30FB\u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E:John Gresham Machen\u30011881\u5E747\u670828\u65E5 \u2013 1937\u5E741\u67081\u65E5) \u306F\u300120\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u982D\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3001\u9577\u8001\u6D3E\u6559\u4F1A\u306E\u795E\u5B66\u8005\u3002 \u5F7C\u306F\u30011915\u5E74-1929\u5E74\u3001\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u306E\u65B0\u7D04\u8056\u66F8\u5B66\u306E\u6559\u6388\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u304C\u6B21\u7B2C\u306B\u5909\u8CEA\u3057\u3066\u53D7\u3051\u5165\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u8FD1\u4EE3\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u7FA9\u795E\u5B66\uFF08\u30EA\u30D9\u30E9\u30EB\uFF09\u306B\u53CD\u5BFE\u3057\u3001\u798F\u97F3\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u6B63\u7D71\u7684\u306A\u4FE1\u4EF0\u3092\u5B88\u308B\u305F\u3081\u30A6\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30DF\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u3092\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u6240\u5C5E\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\uFF08PCUSA\uFF09\u304C\u30EA\u30D9\u30E9\u30EB\u5316\u306E\u65B9\u5411\u306B\u5411\u304B\u3044\u3001\u30A6\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30DF\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u4FE1\u4EF0\u544A\u767D\u306E\u9075\u5B88\u3092\u62D2\u3093\u3060\u305F\u3081\u3001\u6B63\u7D71\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\uFF08OPC\uFF09\u3092\u5275\u7ACB\u3057\u305F\u30021920\u5E74\u306BPCUSA\u304C\u5BFE\u8A71\u3092\u62D2\u307F\u3001\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u7FA9\u795E\u5B66\u7684\u306A\u8DEF\u7DDA\u3067\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u306E\u518D\u7DE8\u6210\u3092\u884C\u3046\u3068\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3057\u305F\u306E\u3067\u3001\u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u30D5\u30A3\u30E9\u30C7\u30EB\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u306B\u30A6\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30DF\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u3092\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3057\u3001\u6B7B\u53BB\u3059\u308B\u307E\u3067\u3001\u305D\u3053\u3067\u65B0\u7D04\u8056\u66F8\u3092\u6559\u3048\u305F\u3002 \u30EA\u30D9\u30E9\u30EB\u306B\u53CD\u5BFE\u3059\u308B1930\u5E74\u4EE3\u306E\u5F7C\u306E\u50CD\u304D\u306F\u3001\u72EC\u7ACB\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\u6D77\u5916\u5BA3\u6559\u30DF\u30C3\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3The Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions\uFF081933\u5E74\uFF09\u306E\u8A2D\u7ACB\u306B\u81F3\u3063\u305F\u30021935\u5E74\u30011936\u5E74\u306E\u72EC\u7ACB\u30DF\u30C3\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u306E\u30E1\u30F3\u30D0\u30FC\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u30DF\u30CB\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC\u306E\u57F7\u884C\u505C\u6B62\u51E6\u5206\u306F\u3001OPC\u304C\u5F62\u6210\u3055\u308C\u308B\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3\u306F\u300119\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u982D\u306B\u5275\u7ACB\u3055\u308C\u3001\u767A\u5C55\u3092\u307F\u305F\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u795E\u5B66\u306E\u6700\u5F8C\u306E\u795E\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u5F7C\u306F\u798F\u97F3\u4E3B\u7FA9\u30AD\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u6559\u306E\u30AB\u30EB\u30F4\u30A1\u30F3\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7CFB\u798F\u97F3\u6D3E\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u5049\u5927\u306A\u30D7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B9\u30C8\u30F3\u795E\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA\u30FB\u30DB\u30C3\u30B8\u3001\u30A6\u30A9\u30FC\u30D5\u30A3\u30FC\u30EB\u30C9\u3089\u3068\u6BD4\u8F03\u3055\u308C\u308B\u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u5F7C\u306F\u3001\u795E\u5B66\uFF08\u65B0\u7D04\u8056\u66F8\u5B66\uFF09\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3001\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u306E\u6821\u9577\u306B\u306F\u306A\u3089\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u4ECA\u65E5\u3082\u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3\u306E\u5F71\u97FF\u306F\u3001\u30A6\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30DF\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u3068\u6B63\u7D71\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\u306B\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u5F7C\u306E\u300E\u65B0\u7D04\u8056\u66F8\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30E3\u8A9E\u539F\u5178\u5165\u9580\u300F\u306E\u6559\u79D1\u66F8\u306F\u3001PCUSA\u3092\u542B\u3080\u591A\u304F\u306E\u795E\u5B66\u6821\u3067\u3001\u4ECA\u3082\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "John Gresham Machen"@es . . . . . . . . . "1881"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "479421"^^ . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen fue el fundador de la (Orthodox Presbiterian Church), OPC."@es . . . . . . "Founding Westminster Theological Seminary and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church"@en . "Bismarck, North Dakota, US"@en . "\uC874 \uADF8\uB808\uC0F4 \uBA54\uC774\uCCB8(John Gresham Machen, 1881\uB144 7\uC6D4 28\uC77C ~ 1937\uB144 1\uC6D4 1\uC77C)\uC740 20 \uC138\uAE30 \uCD08 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uC2E0\uD559\uC790\uC600\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \"\uADF8\uB798\uD568 \uBA54\uCC9C\" \uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB9AC\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. 1906\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1929\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uC758 \uC2E0\uC57D \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC7AC\uC9C1\uD588\uB2E4. \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uAC00 \uACE0\uB4F1\uBE44\uD3C9\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uB2F9\uB300\uC758 \uC2E0\uD559\uD750\uB984\uC744 \uC218\uC6A9\uD558\uBA70 \uAE30\uC874\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC5D0\uC11C \uC774\uD0C8\uD558\uC790 \uAD50\uC218\uC9C1\uC744 \uC0AC\uC784\uD558\uACE0 \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50(Wesminster Theological Seminary)\uB97C \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C 1936\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uC815\uD1B5\uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50\uD68C(OPC)\uB97C \uC124\uB9BD\uD588\uB2E4. \uBA54\uC774\uCCB8\uC740 \uC874\uC2A4\uD649\uD0A8\uC2A4\uB300\uD559\uACFC \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uB97C \uAC70\uCCD0 \uB3C5\uC77C \uB9C8\uB974\uBD80\uB974\uD06C \uB300\uD559\uACFC \uAD34\uD305\uAC90 \uB300\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uBD80\uD588\uB2E4. \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uC790\uC720\uC8FC\uC758 \uC2E0\uD559\uC790\uC778 \uBE4C\uD5EC\uB984 \uD5E4\uB974\uB9CC\uC5D0\uAC8C \uBC30\uC6B0\uBA74\uC11C \uC2E0\uD559\uC801 \uC815\uCCB4\uC131\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uACE0\uBBFC\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C0\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uC73C\uB098, \uACB0\uAD6D \uC815\uD1B5\uC2E0\uD559\uC73C\uB85C \uB3CC\uC544\uC624\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC73C\uB85C \uB3CC\uC544\uC640 \uD504\uB9B0\uC2A4\uD134 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2E0\uC57D\uD559 \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC7AC\uC9C1\uD558\uBA70 \"\uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC758 \uAE30\uC6D0\"\uACFC \"\uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uB3C4\uC758 \uB3D9\uC815\uB140 \uD0C4\uC0DD\"\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uB17C\uBB38\uACFC \uB2E8\uD589\uBCF8\uC744 \uBC1C\uAC04\uD574 \uD559\uBB38\uC801 \uD0C1\uC6D4\uD568\uC744 \uC778\uC815\uBC1B\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uADF8\uAC00 \uC800\uC220\uD55C \u300E\uC2E0\uC57D\uC131\uC11C \uD5EC\uB77C\uC5B4 \uBB38\uBC95\u300F\uC740 \uD55C \uC138\uAE30 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC2DC\uAC04\uB3D9\uC548 \uD5EC\uB77C\uC5B4 \uACF5\uBD80\uC758 \uD45C\uC900\uC11C\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBB34\uC5C7\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uADF8\uC758 \uB300\uD45C\uC791\uC73C\uB85C \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC778 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50 \uC7A1\uC9C0 CT\uC5D0\uC11C '20\uC138\uAE30 \uAD50\uD68C\uB97C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC778 100\uAD8C\uC758 \uCC45'\uC73C\uB85C \uC120\uC815\uD55C \u300E\uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC640 \uC790\uC720\uC8FC\uC758\u300F(\uC11C\uC6B8:\uBCF5\uC788\uB294\uC0AC\uB78C)\uC774 \uAF3D\uD78C\uB2E4. \u201C\uC815\uD1B5 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uACE0\uC804\uC801 \uBCC0\uB860\u201D\uC73C\uB85C \uCD9C\uAC04 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC9C0\uAE08\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uB3C4\uC778\uC758 \uC0AC\uACE0\uC5D0 \uAE4A\uC740 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uBBF8\uCCD0 \uC654\uC73C\uBA70 \uCD5C\uADFC \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50 \uC124\uB9BD 90\uC8FC\uB144 \uAE30\uB150 \uD5CC\uC815\uC99D\uBCF4\uD310\uC774 \uCD9C\uAC04\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uC2E0\uD559\uAD50 \uAD50\uC218\uD68C\uAC00 \uC4F4 18\uD3B8\uC758 \uD5CC\uC815\uC758 \uAE00\uC774 \uCD94\uAC00\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \u300E\uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC640 \uC790\uC720\uC8FC\uC758\u300F\uC640 \uC6E8\uBBFC\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uBCC0\uC99D\uD559, \uD574\uC11D\uD559, \uC124\uAD50 \uB4F1\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uCE5C \uBA54\uC774\uCCB8 \uC0AC\uC0C1\uC758 \uC601\uD5A5\uC744 \uAE4A\uC774 \uC788\uAC8C \uB17C\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "John Gresham Machen"@en . . . "Baltimore, Maryland, US"@en . . . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30EC\u30C3\u30B5\u30E0\u30FB\u30E1\u30A4\u30C1\u30A7\u30F3"@ja . "\uC874 \uADF8\uB808\uC12C \uBA54\uC774\uCC9C"@ko . . . . "J. Gresham Machen"@en . . . . . "1881-07-28"^^ . . . . . . . . "John Gresham Machen (* 28. Juli 1881 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA; \u2020 1. Januar 1937 in Bismarck, North Dakota, USA) war ein US-amerikanischer presbyterianischer Theologe im fr\u00FChen 20. Jahrhundert. Er war Professor f\u00FCr Neues Testament am Princeton Theological Seminary von 1915 bis 1929. Er f\u00FChrte einen konservativen Aufstand gegen die modernistische Theologie in Princeton an und gr\u00FCndete 1929 das Westminster Theological Seminary als eine Hochschule, die sich st\u00E4rker an der urspr\u00FCnglichen biblischen Lehre und Praxis orientierte."@de . . "1937"^^ . . . . . . . . .