"Hist\u00F3ria das mentalidades"@pt . . "The history of mentalities or histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (French; lit.\u2009'history of attitudes') is the body of historical works aimed at describing and analyzing the ways in which people of a given time period thought about, interacted with, and classified the world around them, as opposed to the history of particular events, or economic trends. The history of mentalities has been used as a historical tool by several historians and scholars from various schools of history. Notably, the historians of the Annales School helped to develop the history of mentalities and construct a methodology from which to operate. In establishing this methodology, they sought to limit their analysis to a particular place and a particular time. This approach lends itself to the intensive study that characterizes "@en . "Mentalit\u00E4tsgeschichte ist der Versuch von Historikern, die Mentalit\u00E4ten, d. h. die Einstellungen, Gedanken und Gef\u00FChle der Menschen einer Epoche darzustellen und zu erkl\u00E4ren. Die Mentalit\u00E4tsgeschichte entstand im Zusammenhang mit der Annales-Schule, auch wenn Johan Huizingas Herbst des Mittelalters als Pionierwerk dieses historischen Ansatzes gilt. In Philippe Ari\u00E8s\u2019 Aufsatz Die Geschichte der Mentalit\u00E4ten wird der deutsche Soziologe Norbert Elias als \u201EEinzelg\u00E4nger, [dessen] Gedankeng\u00E4nge und Einsichten von gro\u00DFer Wirkung\u201C auf die \u201EIdee der Mentalit\u00E4ten\u201C gewesen sind, bezeichnet."@de . "Il termine mentalit\u00E0 si trova usato verso il 1900 con il significato odierno di generica concezione del mondo e di un substrato psicologico riferito a un individuo, a un gruppo sociale o agli appartenenti ad una data civilt\u00E0 in un certo periodo storico."@it . . "1124818918"^^ . . "Mentalidades"@es . . "\u5FC3\u6027\u53F2"@ja . . . "Sejarah mentalitas"@in . . "Mentalit\u00E0"@it . . "D\u011Bjiny mentalit"@cs . "Sejarah mentalitas atau histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (Bahasa Prancis: 'sejarah sikap') adalah bidang kajian sejarah yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisa cara-cara manusia dari periode tertentu berpikir, berinteraksi, dan mengklasifikasikan dunia di sekitar mereka. Berkebalikan dengan sejarah peristiwa tertentu atau kecenderungan ekonomi. Sejarah mentalitas telah digunakan sebagai alat sejarah oleh beberapa sejarawan dan cendekiawan dari berbagai aliran sejarah. Khususnya, sejarawan dari aliran Annales membantu mengembangkan sejarah mentalitas dan membangun metodologi yang akan digunakan. Dalam membangun metodologi ini, mereka berusaha membatasi analisis mereka ke lingkup wilayah dan waktu tertentu.:7 Pendekatan ini cocok untuk kajian intensif yang menjadi ciri khas sejarah mikro, bi"@in . . . . "\u5FC3\u6027\u53F2\uFF08\u3057\u3093\u305B\u3044\u3057\u3001\u4ECF:Histoire des mentalit\u00E9s\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4F1D\u7D71\u7684\u306A\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u304C\u6226\u4E89\u3084\u653F\u5909\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\uFF08\u975E\u65E5\u5E38\u7684\u306A\uFF09\u4E8B\u4EF6\u306B\u6CE8\u76EE\u3057\u3001\u6587\u732E\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u7814\u7A76\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4EBA\u3005\u306E\u601D\u8003\u69D8\u5F0F\u3084\u611F\u899A\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u65E5\u5E38\u7684\u306A\u3082\u306E\u3092\u3001\u6587\u732E\u4EE5\u5916\u306E\u56F3\u50CF\u3001\u907A\u7269\u3001\u4F1D\u627F\u306A\u3069\u3082\u4F7F\u3063\u3066\u7814\u7A76\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308B\u6B74\u53F2\u8A8D\u8B58\u306E\u65B9\u6CD5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\u5FC3\u6027\u53F2\uFF08\u3057\u3093\u305B\u3044\u3057\u3001\u4ECF:Histoire des mentalit\u00E9s\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4F1D\u7D71\u7684\u306A\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u304C\u6226\u4E89\u3084\u653F\u5909\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\uFF08\u975E\u65E5\u5E38\u7684\u306A\uFF09\u4E8B\u4EF6\u306B\u6CE8\u76EE\u3057\u3001\u6587\u732E\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u7814\u7A76\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4EBA\u3005\u306E\u601D\u8003\u69D8\u5F0F\u3084\u611F\u899A\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u65E5\u5E38\u7684\u306A\u3082\u306E\u3092\u3001\u6587\u732E\u4EE5\u5916\u306E\u56F3\u50CF\u3001\u907A\u7269\u3001\u4F1D\u627F\u306A\u3069\u3082\u4F7F\u3063\u3066\u7814\u7A76\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308B\u6B74\u53F2\u8A8D\u8B58\u306E\u65B9\u6CD5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC"@ko . "\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (\u0447\u0442\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A '\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A, '\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439'), \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D, \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u0441\u043C. \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044F) \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441 tournant critique \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0448\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044B \u00AB\u0410\u043D\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u00BB (\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0443 \u0420\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044C\u0435)."@ru . . . . . . "A hist\u00F3ria das mentalidades \u00E9 uma modalidade historiogr\u00E1fica que privilegia os modos de pensar e de sentir dos indiv\u00EDduos de uma mesma \u00E9poca."@pt . "A hist\u00F3ria das mentalidades \u00E9 uma modalidade historiogr\u00E1fica que privilegia os modos de pensar e de sentir dos indiv\u00EDduos de uma mesma \u00E9poca."@pt . "4170165"^^ . "El t\u00E9rmino mentalidad se refiere a la representaci\u00F3n de los aspectos culturales y las estructuras sociales que los individuos de una sociedad tienen sobre ella. El estudio de las mentalidades parte de la historiograf\u00EDa moderna y ha sido llamado tambi\u00E9n historia de la sensibilidad. Dicho estudio abarca todas las expresiones de vida cotidiana como complemento del estudio de la macrohistoria."@es . "D\u011Bjiny mentalit zkoumaj\u00ED jednotn\u00E9 strategie ur\u010Dit\u00FDch soci\u00E1ln\u00EDch skupin, jejich hodnotov\u00E9 syst\u00E9my a postoje. D\u011Bjiny mentalit mohou zkoumat venkovskou i m\u011Bstskou spole\u010Dnost, lidov\u00E9 i elitn\u00ED skupiny obyvatelstva. Historikov\u00E9, kte\u0159\u00ED se zab\u00FDvaj\u00ED studiem d\u011Bjin mentalit, \u010Dasto vyu\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED seri\u00E1ln\u00ED typy pramen\u016F (nap\u0159. testamenty) a demografick\u00E9 statistiky. Slovo mentalita poch\u00E1z\u00ED z latiny. Mentalita je ch\u00E1p\u00E1na jako soubor psychick\u00FDch vlastnost\u00ED, charakteristick\u00FDch nap\u0159\u00EDklad pro ur\u010Dit\u00FD lidsk\u00FD v\u011Bk, geografick\u00FD r\u00E1mec nebo soci\u00E1ln\u00ED prost\u0159ed\u00ED. Pojem \u201Ementalita\u201C se v\u017Edy u\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 v souvislosti s ur\u010Ditou soci\u00E1ln\u00ED skupinou (nap\u0159. \u201Em\u011B\u0161\u0165ansk\u00E1 mentalita\u201C, \u201E\u0161lechtick\u00E1 mentalita\u201C); \u201Ementalita jedince\u201C neexistuje. Mentalita se navenek projevuje reakcemi lid\u00ED na ur\u010Dit\u00E9 , proto se n\u011Bkdy pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 pojem \u201Ekolektivn\u00ED psychologie\u201C. Proto\u017Ee mentalita vznik\u00E1 v ur\u010Dit\u00E9m prost\u0159ed\u00ED, je nutn\u00E9 analyzovat spole\u010Densk\u00E9 podm\u00EDnky, v nich\u017E vznikla. V anglick\u00E9m jazyce je pojem dolo\u017Een v roce 1691. Ve Francii se roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159il kolem poloviny 19. stolet\u00ED."@cs . . "Histoire des repr\u00E9sentations"@fr . . . . "El t\u00E9rmino mentalidad se refiere a la representaci\u00F3n de los aspectos culturales y las estructuras sociales que los individuos de una sociedad tienen sobre ella. El estudio de las mentalidades parte de la historiograf\u00EDa moderna y ha sido llamado tambi\u00E9n historia de la sensibilidad. Dicho estudio abarca todas las expresiones de vida cotidiana como complemento del estudio de la macrohistoria. El t\u00E9rmino se ha venido usando desde principios del siglo XX, y muchos historiadores, soci\u00F3logos y psic\u00F3logos sociales consideran que la historia de las mentalidades es un tema considerado crucial en sus campos. Adem\u00E1s, el estudio de las mentalidades est\u00E1 especialmente vinculado a la conocida como la escuela de los Annales. Michel Vovelle define la mentalidad como una ideolog\u00EDa trizada.\u200B Otras divisiones tem\u00E1ticas de la historia que est\u00E1n ampliamente relacionadas con el concepto de mentalidad son la historia cultural, la microhistoria, la historia de la vida privada y la reconstrucci\u00F3n de los imaginarios sociales."@es . . "Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis"@nl . . . "\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (\u0447\u0442\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A '\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A, '\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439'), \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D, \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u0441\u043C. \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044F) \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441 tournant critique \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0448\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044B \u00AB\u0410\u043D\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u00BB (\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0443 \u0420\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044C\u0435). \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430\u0445, \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u044F\u0445, \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D, \u0430, \u043D\u0430\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442, \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u044D\u043A\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B."@ru . . . . "\uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC(\u5FC3\u6027\u53F2, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: histoire des mentalit\u00E9s \uC774\uC2A4\uD22C\uC544 \uB370 \uB9DD\uD0C8\uB9AC\uD14C[*])\uB294 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559\uC774 \uC804\uC7C1\uC774\uB098 \uC815\uBCC0 \uB4F1 \uBE44\uC77C\uC0C1\uC801 \"\uC8FC\uC694\uC0AC\uAC74\"\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD574 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC5F0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC9C4\uD589\uD55C \uB370 \uBC18\uD574, \uB2F9\uB300\uC778\uB4E4\uC758 \uC0DD\uAC01, \uAC10\uAC01 \uB4F1 \uC77C\uC0C1\uC801\uC778 \uAC83\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0\uC790 \uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uD559 \uBC29\uBC95\uB860\uC774\uB2E4. \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C\uAC00 \uD5A5\uB3C4\uD588\uB2E4. \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC0AC\uB8CC\uAC00 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uAC83\uC740 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559\uACFC \uB9C8\uCC2C\uAC00\uC9C0\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uB9CC \uADF8 \uC0AC\uB8CC\uAC00 \uBCF4\uC5EC\uC8FC\uB294 \uC2EC\uC131\uC758 \uAE30\uC791\uC744 \uC77D\uC5B4\uC57C \uD560 \uD544\uC694\uC131\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. 1929\uB144 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C\uB97C \uCC3D\uC2DC\uD55C \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB93C\uC2DC\uC575 \uD398\uBE0C\uB974, \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C \uBE14\uB85C\uD06C\uB294 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC758 \uC77C\uC0C1\uC801 \uC0DD\uAC01, \uC0AC\uD68C\uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559\uC801 \uBD80\uBD84 \uB4F1\uC744 \uBC1D\uD600 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uAE30\uC220\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uBB38\uC870\uB958\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uACE0 \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uACE7 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C\uAC00 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uD559\uD30C\uB294 \uB0B3\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB3D9\uC2DC\uB300 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uB178\uB974\uBCA0\uB974\uD2B8 \uC5D8\uB9AC\uC544\uC2A4, \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC758 \uC694\uD55C \uD558\uC704\uC9D5\uC544\uB3C4 \uBE44\uC2B7\uD55C \uBC1C\uC0C1\uC744 \uAC00\uC84C\uB2E4. \uD398\uBE0C\uB974, \uBE14\uB85C\uD06C \uB4F1 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C \uC81C1\uC138\uB300\uC758 \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C\uC0AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC640 \uBC00\uC811\uD558\uAC8C \uC5F0\uACB0\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC18\uBA74 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C 2\uC138\uB300\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C\uC0AC\uB97C \uC911\uC2DC\uD558\uACE0 \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC\uB294 \uADF8\uB2E4\uC9C0 \uCD94\uAD6C\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB294\uB370, \uC218\uB7C9\uC801 \uCDE8\uAE09\uC774 \uC5B4\uB824\uC6CC \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uC124\uBA85\uC774 \uC5B4\uB824\uC6E0\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A"@ar . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629 histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645\u062A\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00AB\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0647\u00BB \u0623\u0648 \u00AB\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629\u00BB\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u0631\u064A\u062E) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062F \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060C \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062A \u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u064A\u0647)."@ar . . "Mentalit\u00E4tsgeschichte ist der Versuch von Historikern, die Mentalit\u00E4ten, d. h. die Einstellungen, Gedanken und Gef\u00FChle der Menschen einer Epoche darzustellen und zu erkl\u00E4ren. Die Mentalit\u00E4tsgeschichte entstand im Zusammenhang mit der Annales-Schule, auch wenn Johan Huizingas Herbst des Mittelalters als Pionierwerk dieses historischen Ansatzes gilt. Die Themenbereiche der Mentalit\u00E4tsgeschichte sind sehr vielf\u00E4ltig und umfassen Sexualit\u00E4t und Liebe, Tod und Feste, Alphabetisierung und besonders die Einstellung von breiten Bev\u00F6lkerungsschichten zu gro\u00DFen historischen Ereignissen, etwa zum Ersten Weltkrieg. In Deutschland hat die Mentalit\u00E4tsgeschichte keine gro\u00DFe Tradition, an den Universit\u00E4ten hat sie bisher keinen wichtigen Vertreter. In Philippe Ari\u00E8s\u2019 Aufsatz Die Geschichte der Mentalit\u00E4ten wird der deutsche Soziologe Norbert Elias als \u201EEinzelg\u00E4nger, [dessen] Gedankeng\u00E4nge und Einsichten von gro\u00DFer Wirkung\u201C auf die \u201EIdee der Mentalit\u00E4ten\u201C gewesen sind, bezeichnet. In Frankreich z\u00E4hlen dazu neben dem erw\u00E4hnten Philippe Ari\u00E8s zum Beispiel Robert Mandrou, Georges Duby, Jacques Le Goff und Fernand Braudel innerhalb der Annales-Schule, Daniel Roche und Roger Chartier. Auch die Begr\u00FCnder der Annales-Schule Lucien Febvre und Marc Bloch unternahmen schon Studien in dieser Richtung. Sie hat auch Verbindungen zur angels\u00E4chsischen Str\u00F6mung der Neuen Kulturgeschichte."@de . "Il termine mentalit\u00E0 si trova usato verso il 1900 con il significato odierno di generica concezione del mondo e di un substrato psicologico riferito a un individuo, a un gruppo sociale o agli appartenenti ad una data civilt\u00E0 in un certo periodo storico."@it . . "\uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC(\u5FC3\u6027\u53F2, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: histoire des mentalit\u00E9s \uC774\uC2A4\uD22C\uC544 \uB370 \uB9DD\uD0C8\uB9AC\uD14C[*])\uB294 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559\uC774 \uC804\uC7C1\uC774\uB098 \uC815\uBCC0 \uB4F1 \uBE44\uC77C\uC0C1\uC801 \"\uC8FC\uC694\uC0AC\uAC74\"\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD574 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC5F0\uAD6C\uB97C \uC9C4\uD589\uD55C \uB370 \uBC18\uD574, \uB2F9\uB300\uC778\uB4E4\uC758 \uC0DD\uAC01, \uAC10\uAC01 \uB4F1 \uC77C\uC0C1\uC801\uC778 \uAC83\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0\uC790 \uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uD559 \uBC29\uBC95\uB860\uC774\uB2E4. \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C\uAC00 \uD5A5\uB3C4\uD588\uB2E4. \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC0AC\uB8CC\uAC00 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uAC83\uC740 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559\uACFC \uB9C8\uCC2C\uAC00\uC9C0\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uB9CC \uADF8 \uC0AC\uB8CC\uAC00 \uBCF4\uC5EC\uC8FC\uB294 \uC2EC\uC131\uC758 \uAE30\uC791\uC744 \uC77D\uC5B4\uC57C \uD560 \uD544\uC694\uC131\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. 1929\uB144 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C\uB97C \uCC3D\uC2DC\uD55C \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC758 \uB93C\uC2DC\uC575 \uD398\uBE0C\uB974, \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C \uBE14\uB85C\uD06C\uB294 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC758 \uC77C\uC0C1\uC801 \uC0DD\uAC01, \uC0AC\uD68C\uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559\uC801 \uBD80\uBD84 \uB4F1\uC744 \uBC1D\uD600 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uAE30\uC220\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uBB38\uC870\uB958\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uACE0 \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uACE7 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C\uAC00 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uD559\uD30C\uB294 \uB0B3\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB3D9\uC2DC\uB300 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uB178\uB974\uBCA0\uB974\uD2B8 \uC5D8\uB9AC\uC544\uC2A4, \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC758 \uC694\uD55C \uD558\uC704\uC9D5\uC544\uB3C4 \uBE44\uC2B7\uD55C \uBC1C\uC0C1\uC744 \uAC00\uC84C\uB2E4. \uD398\uBE0C\uB974, \uBE14\uB85C\uD06C \uB4F1 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C \uC81C1\uC138\uB300\uC758 \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C\uC0AC \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC640 \uBC00\uC811\uD558\uAC8C \uC5F0\uACB0\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC18\uBA74 \uC544\uB0A0\uD559\uD30C 2\uC138\uB300\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C\uC0AC\uB97C \uC911\uC2DC\uD558\uACE0 \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC\uB294 \uADF8\uB2E4\uC9C0 \uCD94\uAD6C\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB294\uB370, \uC218\uB7C9\uC801 \uCDE8\uAE09\uC774 \uC5B4\uB824\uC6CC \uACFC\uD559\uC801 \uC124\uBA85\uC774 \uC5B4\uB824\uC6E0\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC\uB294 1960\uB144\uB300\uC5D0 \uB2E4\uC2DC \uD65C\uBC1C\uD574\uC838 \uAC00\uC871, \uAD50\uC721, \uAC74\uAC15, \uC131\uC0DD\uD65C, \uC8FD\uC74C, \uC2DD\uC0DD\uD65C, \uBC94\uC8C4, \uC9C8\uBCD1, \uBBFC\uAC04\uC2E0\uC559, \uBBFC\uC911\uBB38\uD654, \uB178\uB3D9\uC0DD\uD65C \uB4F1\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC8FC\uC81C\uB85C \uC0BC\uC558\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC758 \uC2EC\uC131\uC0AC\uC758 \uBD80\uD65C\uC740 \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4\uB300\uC804 \uC774\uD6C4 \uD0DC\uC5B4\uB09C \uC9C4\uBCF4\uC0AC\uAD00\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC758\uC2EC\uACFC \uBB34\uAD00\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC73C\uBA70, \uADF8 \uD750\uB984\uC744 \uB300\uD45C\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \u300E\uAD11\uAE30\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\u300F\uB97C \uC4F4 \uBBF8\uC178 \uD478\uCF54\uB2E4.:208-209"@ko . . "Sejarah mentalitas atau histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (Bahasa Prancis: 'sejarah sikap') adalah bidang kajian sejarah yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisa cara-cara manusia dari periode tertentu berpikir, berinteraksi, dan mengklasifikasikan dunia di sekitar mereka. Berkebalikan dengan sejarah peristiwa tertentu atau kecenderungan ekonomi. Sejarah mentalitas telah digunakan sebagai alat sejarah oleh beberapa sejarawan dan cendekiawan dari berbagai aliran sejarah. Khususnya, sejarawan dari aliran Annales membantu mengembangkan sejarah mentalitas dan membangun metodologi yang akan digunakan. Dalam membangun metodologi ini, mereka berusaha membatasi analisis mereka ke lingkup wilayah dan waktu tertentu.:7 Pendekatan ini cocok untuk kajian intensif yang menjadi ciri khas sejarah mikro, bidan lain yang mengadopsi sejarah mentalitas sebagai alat analisis sejarah."@in . "L'histoire des repr\u00E9sentations est une sous-discipline de l\u2019historiographie qui fait son apparition au cours des ann\u00E9es 1980-1990. Elle s\u2019ins\u00E8re dans l'histoire des mentalit\u00E9s, mais se d\u00E9tache de cette derni\u00E8re sur certains aspects. En se concentrant sur des sources iconographiques et textuelles, l\u2019histoire des repr\u00E9sentations se donne pour objectif d\u2019analyser la mani\u00E8re dont les gens (individus ou groupes) vivant \u00E0 une \u00E9poque donn\u00E9e se repr\u00E9sentent le monde qui les entourent. En outre, elle t\u00E2che \u00E9galement d\u2019\u00E9tudier les attitudes face \u00E0 diff\u00E9rents ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes (vie, mort, famille, etc.)"@fr . . . . "History of mentalities"@en . . . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439"@ru . . "Mentalit\u00E4tsgeschichte"@de . . . "D\u011Bjiny mentalit zkoumaj\u00ED jednotn\u00E9 strategie ur\u010Dit\u00FDch soci\u00E1ln\u00EDch skupin, jejich hodnotov\u00E9 syst\u00E9my a postoje. D\u011Bjiny mentalit mohou zkoumat venkovskou i m\u011Bstskou spole\u010Dnost, lidov\u00E9 i elitn\u00ED skupiny obyvatelstva. Historikov\u00E9, kte\u0159\u00ED se zab\u00FDvaj\u00ED studiem d\u011Bjin mentalit, \u010Dasto vyu\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED seri\u00E1ln\u00ED typy pramen\u016F (nap\u0159. testamenty) a demografick\u00E9 statistiky."@cs . "Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis (Frans: histoire des mentalit\u00E9s) is een stroming binnen het historische onderzoek die zich toespitst op mentaliteiten in het verleden. Daarbij gaan mentaliteitshistorici uit van het idee dat het menselijk denken en voelen per periode en groep kan verschillen. De term mentalit\u00E9 werd voor het eerst gebruikt door Lucien Febvre, de Franse historicus die met Marc Bloch de nieuwe historiografische richting Annaliste begon. Met mentalit\u00E9 werd gepoogd afstand te nemen van de nadruk die door politieke geschiedenis werd gelegd op het idee dat geschiedenis bepaald wordt door rationele beslissingen van koningen en overheden. Daarnaast onderzocht men de verandering van denken, waardoor begrippen en belevingen een andere lading konden krijgen. Het niet onderkennen van de tijdgeest kon misverstanden veroorzaken als historische gebeurtenissen beschreven werden terwijl de begrippen vanuit de huidige betekenis werden benaderd. Het begrip mentaliteit is niet eenduidig. Er zijn vele definities en omschrijvingen, zoals volgens : Een mentaliteit is eigen aan een groep. Zij bestaat enerzijds uit de voorstellingen die een groep zich maakt van de wereld en van de maatschappij waarin zij leeft, en anderzijds uit collectieve gedragspatronen zoals rituelen, waarin deze voorstellingen worden uitgedrukt en aan volgende generaties overgedragen. Een mentaliteit heeft naast cognitieve ook affectieve componenten. De leden van een groep kunnen deelhebben aan een bij die groep horende mentaliteit zonder dat zij zich daar (geheel) van bewust zijn. Een vroeg voorbeeld van toegepaste mentaliteitsgeschiedenis was Johan Huizinga met zijn Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen, dat dan ook de ondertitel Studie over levens- en gedachtevormen der veertiende en vijftiende eeuw in Frankrijk en de Nederlanden meekreeg."@nl . . . . . . . . "7783"^^ . . . . "The history of mentalities or histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (French; lit.\u2009'history of attitudes') is the body of historical works aimed at describing and analyzing the ways in which people of a given time period thought about, interacted with, and classified the world around them, as opposed to the history of particular events, or economic trends. The history of mentalities has been used as a historical tool by several historians and scholars from various schools of history. Notably, the historians of the Annales School helped to develop the history of mentalities and construct a methodology from which to operate. In establishing this methodology, they sought to limit their analysis to a particular place and a particular time. This approach lends itself to the intensive study that characterizes microhistory, another field which adopted the history of mentalities as a tool of historical analysis."@en . . . . . "L'histoire des repr\u00E9sentations est une sous-discipline de l\u2019historiographie qui fait son apparition au cours des ann\u00E9es 1980-1990. Elle s\u2019ins\u00E8re dans l'histoire des mentalit\u00E9s, mais se d\u00E9tache de cette derni\u00E8re sur certains aspects. En se concentrant sur des sources iconographiques et textuelles, l\u2019histoire des repr\u00E9sentations se donne pour objectif d\u2019analyser la mani\u00E8re dont les gens (individus ou groupes) vivant \u00E0 une \u00E9poque donn\u00E9e se repr\u00E9sentent le monde qui les entourent. En outre, elle t\u00E2che \u00E9galement d\u2019\u00E9tudier les attitudes face \u00E0 diff\u00E9rents ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes (vie, mort, famille, etc.)"@fr . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629 histoire des mentalit\u00E9s (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645\u062A\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00AB\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0647\u00BB \u0623\u0648 \u00AB\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629\u00BB\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u0631\u064A\u062E) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u062F \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060C \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062A \u0631\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u064A\u0647). \u064A\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0644\u064A\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063A\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060C \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064A."@ar . . . "Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis (Frans: histoire des mentalit\u00E9s) is een stroming binnen het historische onderzoek die zich toespitst op mentaliteiten in het verleden. Daarbij gaan mentaliteitshistorici uit van het idee dat het menselijk denken en voelen per periode en groep kan verschillen. Het begrip mentaliteit is niet eenduidig. Er zijn vele definities en omschrijvingen, zoals volgens :"@nl .