. . . . . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430"@ru . "9355223"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "46900"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sejarah Istanbul meliputi perkembangan dalam sejarah dari kota modern Istanbul. Pemukiman tersebut didirikan oleh suku-suku Thracia antara abad ke-13 dan ke-11 SM, yang awalnya dikenal dengan nama . Kota tersebut dikuasai oleh bangsa Yunani pada abad ke-7 SM. Kota tersebut jatuh ke tangan Republik Romawi pada tahun 196 Masehi, dan dikenal dengan nama Bizantium sampai tahun 330, ketika kota tersebut berganti nama menjadi Konstantinopel dan dijadikan ibu kota baru Kekaisaran Romawi. Pada Abad Kuno Akhir, kota tersebut berkembang menjadi di hemisfer barat, dengan populasi memuncak pada jumlah hampir setengah sejuta orang. Konstantinopel menjadi ibu kota Kekaisaran Romawi Timur, yang dikenal sebagai Kekaisaran Bizantium. Kota tersebut pada akhirnya ditaklukan oleh Muslim pada 1453. Konstantinopel kemudian menjadi ibu kota Kesultanan Utsmaniyah."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1109198287"^^ . . . . "Die Geschichte Istanbuls reicht dank j\u00FCngster arch\u00E4ologischer Grabungen erheblich weiter zur\u00FCck, als bisher angenommen wurde. Neben 400.000 Jahre alten Artefakten fanden sich mesolithische, neolithische, kupferzeitliche und j\u00FCngst auch eisenzeitlich-hethitische Spuren. Sp\u00E4ter siedelten hier Thraker."@de . . . "\uC774\uC2A4\uD0C4\uBD88\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB294 \uD130\uD0A4\uC758 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC774\uC2A4\uD0C4\uBD88\uC758 \uAC74\uC124\uACFC \uBCC0\uCC9C\uC744 \uAE30\uB85D\uD558\uB294 \uBB38\uC11C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC2A4\uD0C4\uBD88 \uCD5C\uCD08\uC758 \uBD80\uB77D\uC740 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 13\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 11\uC138\uAE30 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uD2B8\uB77C\uD0A4\uC544\uC778\uC774 \uC138\uC6B4 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC54C\uB824\uC838\uC788\uB2E4. \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uB9AC\uACE0\uC2A4\uC600\uB2E4. \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 7\uC138\uAE30 \uACBD\uC5D0\uB294 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC774 \uACF3\uC744 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB85C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "March 2022"@en . . "\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u00AB\u0644\u064A\u063A\u0648\u0633\u00BB. \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063A\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F. \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0623\u064A\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 196 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 330 \u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u064A\u060C \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u063A\u064F\u064A\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062C\u0639\u0644\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0642\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u060C \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063A \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062E\u0635 \u062A\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064B\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u062A \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1453\u060C \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 700000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060C \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0638\u0627\u0638\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u060C \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062C\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064B\u0627). \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1930\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064A \u00AB\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u00BB \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u064A\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062D\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u062D\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . "Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. That early settlement, important in the spread of the Neolithic Revolution from the Near East to Europe, lasted for almost a millennium before being inundated by rising water levels. The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE. It's also worth noting that in the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu) there was a settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. Modern authors have linked it to the possible Thracian toponym Lygos, mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byza"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0301\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u0301\u043B\u0430 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 \u0434\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "duplicates the \"Imperial capital\" section"@en . "\uC774\uC2A4\uD0C4\uBD88\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC"@ko . . . . . . . . . . "Geschichte Istanbuls"@de . . "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043C \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u044F\u043A\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E \u0404\u043D\u0456\u043A\u0430\u043F\u0438. \u0412\u043E\u043D\u043E \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 6500 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0430\u043C'\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0436\u0456 \u0411\u043E\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u043A\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D , \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F 5500-3500 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438 \u0411\u043E\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456 II \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435., \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0421\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0456 \u041B\u0456\u0491\u043E\u0441 (\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0454 \u043D\u0430 \u041F\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0446\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0438\u0441\u0456, \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0446\u0443 \u0422\u043E\u043F\u043A\u0430\u043F\u0438 ( \u2014 1000 \u0440\u0440. \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435.)). \u0423 685 \u0440. \u0434\u043E \u043D.\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0438\u0441\u0456 (\u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u041A\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u044C\u043E\u0439) \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u0437 \u041C\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043B\u0445\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043D."@uk . . . . "Istambul \u00E9 uma cidade situada na encruzilhada de dois continentes, capital do Imp\u00E9rio Romano do Oriente, de Biz\u00E2ncio, capital do Imp\u00E9rio Otomano, e ponte entre duas culturas. Na hist\u00F3ria desta cidade se e religi\u00F5es e misturam-se feitos muito diversos que mostram a import\u00E2ncia deste enclave urbano ao longo da hist\u00F3ria. A cidade de Istambul localiza-se ambas as margens do estreito de B\u00F3sforo e do norte do mar de M\u00E1rmara, os quais separam a \u00C1sia da Europa no sentido norte-sul, que fez de Istambul a \u00FAnica cidade que ocupa dois continentes"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Sejarah Istanbul meliputi perkembangan dalam sejarah dari kota modern Istanbul. Pemukiman tersebut didirikan oleh suku-suku Thracia antara abad ke-13 dan ke-11 SM, yang awalnya dikenal dengan nama . Kota tersebut dikuasai oleh bangsa Yunani pada abad ke-7 SM. Kota tersebut jatuh ke tangan Republik Romawi pada tahun 196 Masehi, dan dikenal dengan nama Bizantium sampai tahun 330, ketika kota tersebut berganti nama menjadi Konstantinopel dan dijadikan ibu kota baru Kekaisaran Romawi. Pada Abad Kuno Akhir, kota tersebut berkembang menjadi di hemisfer barat, dengan populasi memuncak pada jumlah hampir setengah sejuta orang. Konstantinopel menjadi ibu kota Kekaisaran Romawi Timur, yang dikenal sebagai Kekaisaran Bizantium. Kota tersebut pada akhirnya ditaklukan oleh Muslim pada 1453. Konstantin"@in . "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043C \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u044F\u043A\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E \u0404\u043D\u0456\u043A\u0430\u043F\u0438. \u0412\u043E\u043D\u043E \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 6500 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0430\u043C'\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0436\u0456 \u0411\u043E\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u043A\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D , \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F 5500-3500 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438 \u0411\u043E\u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456 II \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435., \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0421\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0456 \u041B\u0456\u0491\u043E\u0441 (\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0454 \u043D\u0430 \u041F\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0446\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0438\u0441\u0456, \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0446\u0443 \u0422\u043E\u043F\u043A\u0430\u043F\u0438 ( \u2014 1000 \u0440\u0440. \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435.)). \u0423 685 \u0440. \u0434\u043E \u043D.\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0438\u0441\u0456 (\u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u041A\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u044C\u043E\u0439) \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u0437 \u041C\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043B\u0445\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043D."@uk . . "Sejarah Istanbul"@in . . . . . . . "\u4F0A\u65AF\u5766\u5E03\u5C14\u5386\u53F2"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u00AB\u0644\u064A\u063A\u0648\u0633\u00BB. \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063A\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F. \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0623\u064A\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 196 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 330 \u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F\u064A\u060C \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u063A\u064F\u064A\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062C\u0639\u0644\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0642\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u060C \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063A \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062E\u0635 \u062A\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064B\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u062A \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1453\u060C \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5982\u4ECA\u79F0\u4E3A\u4F0A\u65AF\u5766\u5E03\u5C14\u7684\u8FD9\u5EA7\u57CE\u5E02\uFF0C\u6210\u4E3A\u4EBA\u7C7B\u5B9A\u5C45\u70B9\u5DF2\u7ECF\u6709\u5927\u7EA6\u4E09\u5343\u5E74\u7684\u5386\u53F2\u4E86\u3002\u8FD9\u4E2A\u5B9A\u5C45\u70B9\uFF0C\u5176\u6700\u65E9\u5DF2\u77E5\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u662F\u83B1\u6208\u65AF,\u662F\u7531\u8272\u96F7\u65AF\u4EBA\u90E8\u843D\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u3002 \u897F\u5143\u524D7\u4E16\u7EAA\uFF0C\u5E0C\u814A\u4EBA\u5728\u6B64\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u3002\u897F\u5143\u524D196\u5E74\uFF0C\u88AB\u7F57\u9A6C\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5F81\u670D\uFF0C\u79F0\u4E3A\u62DC\u5360\u5EAD\uFF0C\u76F4\u5230330\u5E74\uFF0C\u66F4\u540D\u4E3A\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\uFF0C\u6210\u4E3A\u7F57\u9A6C\u5E1D\u56FD\u7684\u65B0\u9996\u90FD\u3002\u5728\u53E4\u5178\u65F6\u4EE3\u665A\u671F\uFF0C\u8FD9\u5EA7\u57CE\u5E02\u6210\u4E3A\u897F\u65B9\u4E16\u754C\u89C4\u6A21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57CE\u5E02\uFF0C\u4EBA\u53E3\u8FBE\u5230\u8FD150\u4E07\u7684\u5CF0\u503C\u3002\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u662F\u4E1C\u7F57\u9A6C\u5E1D\u56FD\u7684\u9996\u90FD\uFF0C\u76F4\u52301453\u5E74\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u9677\u843D\u3002\u6B64\u540E\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u6210\u4E3A\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u7684\u9996\u90FD\u3002 \u5728\u4E2D\u4E16\u7EAA\uFF0C\u8BE5\u57CE\u4EBA\u53E3\u66FE\u7ECF\u4E0B\u964D\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u53C8\u8FBE\u5230\u5176\u5386\u53F2\u9AD8\u5CF0\uFF0C\u572816\u4E16\u7EAA\uFF0C\u8FD9\u5EA7\u57CE\u5E02\u4EBA\u53E3\u5DF2\u589E\u957F\u81F3\u8FD170\u4E07\uFF0C\u518D\u6B21\u8DFB\u8EAB\u4E8E\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u4EBA\u53E3\u6700\u591A\u7684\u57CE\u5E02\u4E4B\u4E00\u30021923\u5E74\u571F\u8033\u5176\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6210\u7ACB\u65F6\uFF0C\u9996\u90FD\u4ECE\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u8FC1\u5F80\u5B89\u5361\u62C9\uFF08\u539F\u540D\u5B89\u54E5\u62C9\uFF09\u30021930\u5E74\uFF0C\u201C\u4F0A\u65AF\u5766\u5E03\u5C14\u201D\u6210\u4E3A\u8BE5\u5E02\u571F\u8033\u5176\u8BED\u4E2D\u552F\u4E00\u7684\u5B98\u65B9\u540D\u79F0\uFF0C\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u4F20\u7EDF\u540D\u79F0\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\uFF0C\u5728\u5927\u591A\u6570\u897F\u65B9\u8BED\u8A00\u4E2D\u4E5F\u662F\u5982\u6B64\u3002"@zh . "\uC774\uC2A4\uD0C4\uBD88\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB294 \uD130\uD0A4\uC758 \uB3C4\uC2DC \uC774\uC2A4\uD0C4\uBD88\uC758 \uAC74\uC124\uACFC \uBCC0\uCC9C\uC744 \uAE30\uB85D\uD558\uB294 \uBB38\uC11C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC2A4\uD0C4\uBD88 \uCD5C\uCD08\uC758 \uBD80\uB77D\uC740 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 13\uC138\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 11\uC138\uAE30 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uD2B8\uB77C\uD0A4\uC544\uC778\uC774 \uC138\uC6B4 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC54C\uB824\uC838\uC788\uB2E4. \uB2F9\uC2DC \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uB9AC\uACE0\uC2A4\uC600\uB2E4. \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 7\uC138\uAE30 \uACBD\uC5D0\uB294 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC774 \uACF3\uC744 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uB85C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . "Die Geschichte Istanbuls reicht dank j\u00FCngster arch\u00E4ologischer Grabungen erheblich weiter zur\u00FCck, als bisher angenommen wurde. Neben 400.000 Jahre alten Artefakten fanden sich mesolithische, neolithische, kupferzeitliche und j\u00FCngst auch eisenzeitlich-hethitische Spuren. Sp\u00E4ter siedelten hier Thraker. Als griechische Stadt Byzantion gegr\u00FCndet, stieg die Stadt zu einem bedeutenden Handelszentrum und schlie\u00DFlich unter dem Namen Konstantinopel zur Hauptstadt des ostr\u00F6misch-byzantinischen Reichs auf. Im Mittelalter war sie die einzige Weltstadt Europas, und nach der osmanischen Eroberung wurde sie wieder zur gr\u00F6\u00DFten Metropole des Kontinents. Auch nachdem sie 1923 den Status der Hauptstadt verloren hatte und Pogrome Griechen und Armenier noch in den 1950er Jahren vertrieben hatten, konnte sich die Stadt wieder erholen und ist heute das \u00F6konomische und kulturelle Zentrum der weit \u00FCber die T\u00FCrkei hinausreichenden Region, zugleich aber auch Fokus aller wesentlichen gesellschaftlichen Konflikte."@de . . . . . "Hist\u00F3ria de Istambul"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Istambul \u00E9 uma cidade situada na encruzilhada de dois continentes, capital do Imp\u00E9rio Romano do Oriente, de Biz\u00E2ncio, capital do Imp\u00E9rio Otomano, e ponte entre duas culturas. Na hist\u00F3ria desta cidade se e religi\u00F5es e misturam-se feitos muito diversos que mostram a import\u00E2ncia deste enclave urbano ao longo da hist\u00F3ria. A cidade de Istambul localiza-se ambas as margens do estreito de B\u00F3sforo e do norte do mar de M\u00E1rmara, os quais separam a \u00C1sia da Europa no sentido norte-sul, que fez de Istambul a \u00FAnica cidade que ocupa dois continentes"@pt . . "\u5982\u4ECA\u79F0\u4E3A\u4F0A\u65AF\u5766\u5E03\u5C14\u7684\u8FD9\u5EA7\u57CE\u5E02\uFF0C\u6210\u4E3A\u4EBA\u7C7B\u5B9A\u5C45\u70B9\u5DF2\u7ECF\u6709\u5927\u7EA6\u4E09\u5343\u5E74\u7684\u5386\u53F2\u4E86\u3002\u8FD9\u4E2A\u5B9A\u5C45\u70B9\uFF0C\u5176\u6700\u65E9\u5DF2\u77E5\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u662F\u83B1\u6208\u65AF,\u662F\u7531\u8272\u96F7\u65AF\u4EBA\u90E8\u843D\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u3002 \u897F\u5143\u524D7\u4E16\u7EAA\uFF0C\u5E0C\u814A\u4EBA\u5728\u6B64\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u3002\u897F\u5143\u524D196\u5E74\uFF0C\u88AB\u7F57\u9A6C\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5F81\u670D\uFF0C\u79F0\u4E3A\u62DC\u5360\u5EAD\uFF0C\u76F4\u5230330\u5E74\uFF0C\u66F4\u540D\u4E3A\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\uFF0C\u6210\u4E3A\u7F57\u9A6C\u5E1D\u56FD\u7684\u65B0\u9996\u90FD\u3002\u5728\u53E4\u5178\u65F6\u4EE3\u665A\u671F\uFF0C\u8FD9\u5EA7\u57CE\u5E02\u6210\u4E3A\u897F\u65B9\u4E16\u754C\u89C4\u6A21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57CE\u5E02\uFF0C\u4EBA\u53E3\u8FBE\u5230\u8FD150\u4E07\u7684\u5CF0\u503C\u3002\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u662F\u4E1C\u7F57\u9A6C\u5E1D\u56FD\u7684\u9996\u90FD\uFF0C\u76F4\u52301453\u5E74\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u9677\u843D\u3002\u6B64\u540E\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u6210\u4E3A\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u7684\u9996\u90FD\u3002 \u5728\u4E2D\u4E16\u7EAA\uFF0C\u8BE5\u57CE\u4EBA\u53E3\u66FE\u7ECF\u4E0B\u964D\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u53C8\u8FBE\u5230\u5176\u5386\u53F2\u9AD8\u5CF0\uFF0C\u572816\u4E16\u7EAA\uFF0C\u8FD9\u5EA7\u57CE\u5E02\u4EBA\u53E3\u5DF2\u589E\u957F\u81F3\u8FD170\u4E07\uFF0C\u518D\u6B21\u8DFB\u8EAB\u4E8E\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u4EBA\u53E3\u6700\u591A\u7684\u57CE\u5E02\u4E4B\u4E00\u30021923\u5E74\u571F\u8033\u5176\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6210\u7ACB\u65F6\uFF0C\u9996\u90FD\u4ECE\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\u8FC1\u5F80\u5B89\u5361\u62C9\uFF08\u539F\u540D\u5B89\u54E5\u62C9\uFF09\u30021930\u5E74\uFF0C\u201C\u4F0A\u65AF\u5766\u5E03\u5C14\u201D\u6210\u4E3A\u8BE5\u5E02\u571F\u8033\u5176\u8BED\u4E2D\u552F\u4E00\u7684\u5B98\u65B9\u540D\u79F0\uFF0C\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u4F20\u7EDF\u540D\u79F0\u541B\u58EB\u5766\u4E01\u5821\uFF0C\u5728\u5927\u591A\u6570\u897F\u65B9\u8BED\u8A00\u4E2D\u4E5F\u662F\u5982\u6B64\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. That early settlement, important in the spread of the Neolithic Revolution from the Near East to Europe, lasted for almost a millennium before being inundated by rising water levels. The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE. It's also worth noting that in the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu) there was a settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. Modern authors have linked it to the possible Thracian toponym Lygos, mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. The history of the city proper begins around 660 BC when Greek settlers from Megara colonized the area and established Byzantium on the European side of the Bosphorus. It fell to the Roman Republic in 196 BC, and was known as Byzantium in Latin until 330, when the city, soon renamed as Constantinople, became the new capital of the Roman Empire. During the reign of Justinian I, the city rose to be the largest in the western world, with a population peaking at close to half a million people. Constantinople functioned as the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which effectively ended with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Constantinople then became the capital of the Ottoman Turks. The population had declined during the medieval period, but as the Ottoman Empire approached its historical peak, the city grew to a population of close to 700,000 in the 16th century, once again ranking among the world's most populous cities. With the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, that country's capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara (previously Angora)."@en . "History of Istanbul"@en . . . . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0301\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u0301\u043B\u0430 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 \u0434\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430."@ru .