. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0430"@ru . "Elizabethan era"@en . . "Era Elizabeth adalah kala waktu ketika Kerajaan Inggris berada di bawah pemerintahan Ratu Elizabeth I (1558\u20131603). Sejarawan sering menggambarkannya sebagai zaman keemasan Inggris berkat perluasan wilayah dan kemenangan dalam pertempuran laut melawan Spanyol. Sejarawan John Guy (1988) berpendapat bahwa \"Inggris secara ekonomi lebih sehat, lebih besar, dan lebih optimis di bawah kekuasaan Tudor\" dibanding masa-masa sebelumnya."@in . "La \u00E9poca isabelina es la era en la historia inglesa marcada por el reinado de la reina Isabel I (1558-1603), y hasta la muerte de Jacobo I en 1625. Los historiadores representan a menudo a este periodo como la edad de oro de la historia de Inglaterra. En este periodo, Inglaterra vivi\u00F3 una fase intensa de desarrollo econ\u00F3mico, cultural y social. El s\u00EDmbolo de Britannia fue utilizado por primera vez en 1572, y, a menudo a partir de entonces, para marcar la \u00E9poca isabelina como un renacimiento que inspira el orgullo nacional a trav\u00E9s de los ideales cl\u00E1sicos, expansi\u00F3n internacional, y el triunfo naval sobre Espa\u00F1a, en ese tiempo, su m\u00E1s enconado rival. Al juzgar de algunos historiadores, en esta \u00E9poca \"Inglaterra fue econ\u00F3micamente m\u00E1s sana, m\u00E1s expansiva, y m\u00E1s optimista bajo los Tudor\" que en cualquier otro momento en mil a\u00F1os. Esta \"edad de oro\" represent\u00F3 el apogeo del Renacimiento ingl\u00E9s y vio el florecimiento de la poes\u00EDa, la m\u00FAsica y la literatura. Esta \u00E9poca es famosa por el teatro, principalmente el de William Shakespeare y muchos otros dramaturgos, que se liberaron de pasado estilo con que se escrib\u00EDa el teatro de Inglaterra. Fue una \u00E9poca de exploraci\u00F3n y expansi\u00F3n en el extranjero, as\u00ED como la consolidaci\u00F3n de la reforma protestante entre el pueblo ingl\u00E9s, sobre todo luego de la victoria sobre la Armada Invencible. Tambi\u00E9n fue el \u00FAltimo per\u00EDodo de la historia inglesa en que Inglaterra constituy\u00F3 un reino separado, antes de su uni\u00F3n real con Escocia. La \u00E9poca isabelina destaca especialmente si se le analiza a la luz de los fallos de los per\u00EDodos anteriores al reinado de Isabel y los que la sucedieron. Fue un breve per\u00EDodo de paz interna entre la Reforma inglesa y las batallas religiosas entre protestantes y cat\u00F3licos, y luego las batallas pol\u00EDticas entre el Parlamento y la monarqu\u00EDa en que se sumi\u00F3 el resto del siglo XVII. La divisi\u00F3n cat\u00F3lica/protestante se resolvi\u00F3, por un tiempo, con los Acuerdos Religiosos Isabelinos, y el Parlamento a\u00FAn no era lo suficientemente fuerte como para desafiar el absolutismo real. Inglaterra tambi\u00E9n tuvo un mejor panorama en comparaci\u00F3n con otras naciones de Europa. El Renacimiento italiano hab\u00EDa llegado a su fin. Francia se vio envuelta en sus propias batallas religiosas, que solo se resolvieron en 1598 con el Edicto de Nantes. Otro factor fue la expulsi\u00F3n de los ingleses de sus \u00FAltimos puestos de avanzada en el continente por parte de los tercios espa\u00F1oles, por lo que el conflicto de siglos entre Francia e Inglaterra se suspendi\u00F3 en gran medida durante la mayor parte del reinado de Isabel. El \u00FAnico gran rival fue Espa\u00F1a, contra la cual Inglaterra se enfrent\u00F3 en Europa y Am\u00E9rica en escaramuzas que desembocaron en la guerra anglo-espa\u00F1ola de 1585-1604. Un intento de Felipe II de Espa\u00F1a para invadir Inglaterra con la Armada Espa\u00F1ola en 1588 fue derrotado de plano, pero la marea de la guerra se volvi\u00F3 contra Inglaterra con una expedici\u00F3n fracasada a Portugal y las Azores, la expedici\u00F3n de Drake-Norris de 1589. A partir de entonces, Espa\u00F1a proporcion\u00F3 cierto apoyo a los cat\u00F3licos irlandeses en una rebeli\u00F3n contra el debilitado dominio ingl\u00E9s, y las fuerzas navales y terrestres espa\u00F1olas infligieron una serie de reveses a las ofensivas inglesas. Esto mengu\u00F3 tanto la Hacienda como la econom\u00EDa inglesas que hab\u00EDan sido tan cuidadosamente restauradas bajo la gu\u00EDa prudente de Isabel. La expansi\u00F3n comercial y territorial inglesa lleg\u00F3 a su l\u00EDmite con la firma del Tratado de Londres al a\u00F1o siguiente de la muerte de Isabel. Durante este per\u00EDodo, Inglaterra tuvo un gobierno centralizado, bien organizado y eficaz, en gran parte resultado de las reformas de Enrique VII y Enrique VIII, as\u00ED como los castigos severos impuestos por Isabel contra los disidentes. Econ\u00F3micamente, el pa\u00EDs comenz\u00F3 a beneficiarse enormemente de la nueva era del comercio trasatl\u00E1ntico, el robo persistente del tesoro espa\u00F1ol por la pirater\u00EDa, y el tr\u00E1fico de esclavos africanos."@es . . . . . . . . . . "The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558\u20131603). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The symbol of Britannia (a female personification of Great Britain) was first used in 1572, and often thereafter, to mark the Elizabethan age as a renaissance that inspired national pride through classical ideals, international expansion, and naval triumph over Spain. This \"golden age\" represented the apogee of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of poetry, music and literature. The era is most famous for its theatre, as William Shakespeare and many others composed plays that broke free of England's past style of theatre. It was an age of exploration and expansion abroad, while back at home, the Protestant Reformation became more acceptable to the people, most certainly after the Spanish Armada was repelled. It was also the end of the period when England was a separate realm before its royal union with Scotland. The Elizabethan age contrasts sharply with the previous and following reigns. It was a brief period of internal peace between the Wars of the Roses in the previous century, the English Reformation, and the religious battles between Protestants and Catholics prior to Elizabeth's reign, and then the later conflict of the English Civil War and the ongoing political battles between parliament and the monarchy that engulfed the remainder of the seventeenth century. The Protestant/Catholic divide was settled, for a time, by the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, and parliament was not yet strong enough to challenge royal absolutism. England was also well-off compared to the other nations of Europe. The Italian Renaissance had come to an end following the end of the Italian Wars, which left the Italian Peninsula impoverished. The Kingdom of France was embroiled in the French Wars of Religion (1562\u20131598). They were (temporarily) settled in 1598 by a policy of tolerating Protestantism with the Edict of Nantes. In part because of this, but also because the English had been expelled from their last outposts on the continent by Spain's tercios, the centuries-long Anglo-French Wars were largely suspended for most of Elizabeth's reign. The one great rival was Habsburg Spain, with whom England clashed both in Europe and the Americas in skirmishes that exploded into the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585\u20131604. An attempt by Philip II of Spain to invade England with the Spanish Armada in 1588 was famously defeated. In turn England launched an equally unsuccessful expedition to Spain with the Drake\u2013Norris Expedition of 1589. Three further Spanish Armadas also failed in 1596, 1597 and 1602. The war ended with the Treaty of London the year following Elizabeth's death. England during this period had a centralised, well-organised, and effective government, largely a result of the reforms of Henry VII and Henry VIII, as well as Elizabeth's harsh punishments for any dissenters. Economically, the country began to benefit greatly from the new era of trans-Atlantic trade and persistent theft of Spanish and Portuguese treasures, most notably as a result of Francis Drake's circumnavigation. The term Elizabethan era was already well-established in English and British historical consciousness, long before the accession of Queen Elizabeth II, and generally refers solely to the time of the earlier Queen of this name."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1603"^^ . . . . . "Elisabethanisches Zeitalter ist der Name f\u00FCr die Regierungszeit von K\u00F6nigin Elisabeth I. von 1558 bis 1603. Es wird oft als das goldene Zeitalter der englischen Geschichte bezeichnet \u2013 in diese Periode fallen der H\u00F6hepunkt der englischen Renaissance und eine Bl\u00FCtezeit der englischen Literatur. Das Elisabethanische Theater bl\u00FChte auf, die St\u00FCcke William Shakespeares und anderer revolutionierten die Art, Dramen zu schreiben. Engl\u00E4nder erforschten die Welt, die Expansion nach Nordamerika begann. In England selbst festigte sich der Protestantismus. In die Regierungszeit Elisabeths f\u00E4llt auch der Sieg \u00FCber die spanische Armada, was allgemein als Beginn der Vorherrschaft der englischen Marine zur See betrachtet wird."@de . . "\uC5D8\uB9AC\uC790\uBCA0\uC2A4 \uC2DC\uB300"@ko . . . . . . . . . . "L'\u00E8poca elisabetiana \u00E9s el per\u00EDode associat amb el regnat de la reina Elisabet I (1558-1603) i \u00E9s sovint considerada com l'edat d'or de la hist\u00F2ria anglesa, en contrast amb els per\u00EDodes anterior i posterior. Va ser un breu per\u00EDode de pau entre la reforma anglesa i les batalles entre protestants i cat\u00F2lics, i entre el parlament i la monarquia. Anglaterra tenia un govern de monarquia absoluta, molt centralitzat i de s\u00F2lida estructura, en gran part com a resultat de les reformes d'Enric VII i Enric VIII. El segle xvii estaria marcat ja per batalles entre el parlament, demanant m\u00E9s poder, i la monarquia, m\u00E9s feble. El Renaixement itali\u00E0 havia arribat a una fi sota el pes de la dominaci\u00F3 estrangera de la pen\u00EDnsula. Era una edat d'exploraci\u00F3 i expansi\u00F3 a l'estranger, mentre a casa, la Reforma protestant es convertia en la mentalitat nacional de totes les persones. Va ser l'\u00E0pex del Renaixement angl\u00E8s, va veure la floraci\u00F3 de la poesia i literatura angleses mentre el teatre va trencar amb l'estil del passat."@ca . . . . . . . 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\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0433\u043E\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043C, \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043C\u0444\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A (1988) \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u00AB\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u044F \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439, 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"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u064A\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064A\u062B\u064A"@ar . 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\uAFB8\uB824\uAC14\uB294\uB370, \uC774\uB294 \uC8FC\uB85C \uD5E8\uB9AC 7\uC138\uC640 \uD5E8\uB9AC 8\uC138\uC640 \uB354\uBD88\uC5B4 \uBC18\uB300\uC790\uC5D0\uAC8C \uAC00\uD639\uD55C \uD615\uBC8C\uB85C \uC751\uC218\uD558\uB358 \uC5D8\uB9AC\uC790\uBCA0\uC2A4\uAC00 \uBC8C\uC778 \uAC1C\uD601\uC758 \uACB0\uACFC\uB77C \uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uACBD\uC81C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC\uB294 \uC758 \uC0C8 \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uD070 \uC774\uB4DD\uC744 \uBCF4\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD588\uC73C\uBA74\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC5EC\uC804\uD788 \uC5D0\uC2A4\uD30C\uB0D0\uC758 \uBD80\uB97C \uBE7C\uC557\uB294 \uD574\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "Elisabetansk tid eller den elisabetanska eran \u00E4r en tidsperiod f\u00F6rknippad med drottning Elisabet I:s regeringstid 1558\u20131603 och betraktas ofta som en guld\u00E5lder i Englands historia. Den var den engelska ren\u00E4ssansens h\u00F6jdpunkt, och engelsk litteratur och blomstrade. Det var under denna tid den elisabetanska teatern v\u00E4xte och William Shakespeare, bland andra, skrev pj\u00E4ser som skilde sig markant fr\u00E5n Englands tidigare pj\u00E4sstil. Det var en tid d\u00E5 England expanderade och utforskade utomlands, medan den protestantiska reformationen p\u00E5 hemmaplan etablerades och lyckades f\u00F6rsvara sig mot de katolska krafterna p\u00E5 kontinenten. Den elisabetanska tiden h\u00E5lls \u00E4ven h\u00F6gt i kontrast till perioderna f\u00F6re och efter den. Det var en kort period av huvudsakligen inrikes fred mellan den engelska reformationen och stridigheterna mellan protestanter och katoliker och striden mellan parlamentet och monarkin som skulle komma att pr\u00E4gla 1600-talet. Den protestantiska/katolska delningen var stabil, under en tid p\u00E5 grund av den , och parlamentet var \u00E4nnu inte starkt nog att utmana monarkin."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "1558"^^ . . 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"68601"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1603"^^ . . . . . "O per\u00EDodo elisabetano ou per\u00EDodo isabelino, \u00E9 o per\u00EDodo associado ao reinado da rainha Isabel I (em ingl\u00EAs: Elizabeth II) de Inglaterra (r. 1558\u20131603). \u00C9 frequentemente considerado uma era dourada da hist\u00F3ria inglesa. Esta \u00E9poca corresponde ao \u00E1pice da renascen\u00E7a inglesa, na qual floresceram a literatura e a poesia do pa\u00EDs. Este foi tamb\u00E9m o tempo durante o qual o teatro elisabetano cresceu e Shakespeare, entre outros, escreveu pe\u00E7as que rompiam com o estilo a que a Inglaterra estava acostumada. Foi um per\u00EDodo de expans\u00E3o e da explora\u00E7\u00E3o no exterior, enquanto no interior a Reforma Protestante era estabelecida e defendida contra as for\u00E7as cat\u00F3licas do continente. O s\u00EDmbolo da Brit\u00E2nia (uma personifica\u00E7\u00E3o feminina da Gr\u00E3-Bretanha) foi usado pela primeira vez em 1572, e muitas vezes depois, para marcar a era elisabetana como um renascimento que inspirou o orgulho nacional atrav\u00E9s de ideais cl\u00E1ssicos, expans\u00E3o internacional e triunfo naval sobre o Imp\u00E9rio Espanhol \u2014 na \u00E9poca, um reino rival muito odiado pelos ingleses. Em termos de todo o s\u00E9culo, o historiador John Guy (1988) argumenta que \"a Inglaterra era economicamente mais saud\u00E1vel, mais expansiva e mais otimista sob os Tudors \"do que em qualquer \u00E9poca em mil anos. O per\u00EDodo elisabetano \u00E9 assim t\u00E3o considerado em parte pelo contraste com os per\u00EDodos anterior e posterior. Foi um breve per\u00EDodo de paz nas batalhas entre protestantes e cat\u00F3licos, e as batalhas entre o parlamento e a monarquia que engolfaram o s\u00E9culo XVII. As divis\u00F5es entre o catolicismo e protestantismo foram definidas momentaneamente pelo \"Estabelecimento Religioso Elisabetano\" e o parlamento ainda n\u00E3o era forte o suficiente para desafiar o absolutismo real. A Inglaterra tamb\u00E9m estava bem se comparada \u00E0s outras na\u00E7\u00F5es europeias. O Renascimento italiano acabou sob o peso da domina\u00E7\u00E3o estrangeira na Pen\u00EDnsula It\u00E1lica. A Fran\u00E7a estava envolvida em suas pr\u00F3prias batalhas religiosas que s\u00F3 terminariam em 1598 com o Edito de Nantes. Em parte por causa disto (mas tamb\u00E9m porque os ingleses tinham sido expulsos de seus \u00FAltimos territ\u00F3rios no continente), os conflitos seculares entre Fran\u00E7a e Inglaterra foram suspensas e durante o per\u00EDodo elisabetano. O \u00FAnico grande rival era a Espanha, a quem os ingleses enfrentaram tanto na Europa, quanto na Am\u00E9rica. A Inglaterra perdeu algumas batalhas not\u00E1veis para a Espanha, mas venceu a mais importante quando a Armada Espanhola foi derrotada. A Gr\u00E3-Bretanha nesse per\u00EDodo teve um governo centralizado, bem organizado e eficaz, na maior parte um resultado das reformas de Henrique VII e Henrique VIII. Economicamente o pa\u00EDs come\u00E7ou a beneficiare extremamente da nova era de com\u00E9rcio transatl\u00E2ntico. Os historiadores e os bi\u00F3grafos modernos da Europa p\u00F3s-imperial tendem a ter uma vis\u00E3o bem mais racional e imparcial do per\u00EDodo de Tudor. A Inglaterra elisabetana n\u00E3o foi particularmente bem-sucedida no \u00E2mbito militar durante esse per\u00EDodo. O bem-estar econ\u00F4mico do pa\u00EDs tamb\u00E9m foi questionado. O per\u00EDodo elisabetano tamb\u00E9m viu a Inglaterra come\u00E7ar a desempenhar um papel principal no tr\u00E1fico de escravos, assim como uma s\u00E9rie de campanhas militares inglesas sangrentas na Irlanda cat\u00F3lica, com destaque para as e a Guerra dos Nove Anos. Apesar das conquistas obtidas durante este per\u00EDodo, menos de 40 anos depois da morte da rainha Isabel, o pa\u00EDs imergiu na Guerra Civil Inglesa."@pt . . . "\u0415\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0430 \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0438 \u0422\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0440-\u0420\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u044B \u0415\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044B I (1558\u20141603). \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0435\u0451 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 (\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438), \u0432\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432 1572 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044F\u043B \u0435\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0435\u0451 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0440\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441, \u0432\u0434\u043E\u0445\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0433\u043E\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043C, \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043C\u0444\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A (1988) \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u00AB\u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u044F \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439, \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043A \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0422\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445\u00BB, \u0447\u0435\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0443 \u043B\u0435\u0442."@ru . . . . . . . . "1558"^^ . . . . . . . . . "L'\u00E8poca elisabetiana \u00E9s el per\u00EDode associat amb el regnat de la reina Elisabet I (1558-1603) i \u00E9s sovint considerada com l'edat d'or de la hist\u00F2ria anglesa, en contrast amb els per\u00EDodes anterior i posterior. Va ser un breu per\u00EDode de pau entre la reforma anglesa i les batalles entre protestants i cat\u00F2lics, i entre el parlament i la monarquia."@ca . . . . . "\u00C9poca isabelina"@es . . . . . . . . "The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558\u20131603). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The symbol of Britannia (a female personification of Great Britain) was first used in 1572, and often thereafter, to mark the Elizabethan age as a renaissance that inspired national pride through classical ideals, international expansion, and naval triumph over Spain."@en . . . . . . "La elizabeta epoko (a\u016D elizabeta erao) estas la nomo por la rega tempo de re\u011Dino Elizabeto la 1-a de Anglio inter la jaroj 1558 kaj 1603. La tempo ofte nomatas la \"ora epoko de la historio de Anglio\" \u2013 en tiu epoko dati\u011Das la kulmino de la angla renesanco kaj flora tempo de la angla literaturo. La elizabeta teatro ekfloris, la verkoj de William Shakespeare (Vilhelmo \u015Cekspiro) kaj aliaj samfakanoj revoluciigis la manieron verki dramojn. Angloj esploris la mondon kaj la ekspansio de la angla \u015Dtato al Nordameriko komenci\u011Dis. En Anglio mem solidi\u011Dis la protestantismo."@eo . "Era Elizabeth adalah kala waktu ketika Kerajaan Inggris berada di bawah pemerintahan Ratu Elizabeth I (1558\u20131603). Sejarawan sering menggambarkannya sebagai zaman keemasan Inggris berkat perluasan wilayah dan kemenangan dalam pertempuran laut melawan Spanyol. Sejarawan John Guy (1988) berpendapat bahwa \"Inggris secara ekonomi lebih sehat, lebih besar, dan lebih optimis di bawah kekuasaan Tudor\" dibanding masa-masa sebelumnya. \"Zaman keemasan\" ini merupakan puncak Renaisans Inggris dengan ciri berupa perkembangan pesat puisi, musik, dan sastra. Pada masa ini, William Shakespeare dan dramawan-dramawan lainnya merombak gaya teater Inggris. Pada masa ini pula wilayah Inggris di luar negeri meluas, sementara di dalam negeri, Reformasi Protestan menjadi lebih dapat diterima oleh orang-orang, khususnya setelah Armada Spanyol dipukul mundur. Era Elizabeth juga merupakan masa terakhir ketika Inggris menjadi kerajaan yang terpisah, karena setelah itu kerajaan ini bersatu dengan Skotlandia. Era Elizabeth sangat berlawanan dengan masa pemerintahan sebelumnya dan sesudahnya. Pada masa ini, perpecahan Protestan/Katolik sempat diakhiri oleh penyelesaian keagamaan Elizabeth, dan parlemen juga belum cukup kuat untuk menantang absolutisme kerajaan. Inggris juga kaya dibandingkan dengan negara-negara Eropa lainnya. Renaisans Italia telah berakhir akibat dominasi Spanyol di wilayah tersebut. Prancis sibuk dengan perang agama di dalam negeri yang sempat diakhiri pada tahun 1598 oleh kebijakan toleransi Protestan dalam bentuk Maklumat Nantes. Salah satu saingan besar Inggris adalah Spanyol, dan keduanya saling berkonflik di Eropa dan Amerika selama Perang Inggris-Spanyol 1585-1604. Upaya Philip II dari Spanyol untuk menyerang Inggris dengan Armada Spanyol pada tahun 1588 berhasil dipatahkan, tetapi Ekspedisi Drake-Norris tahun 1589 yang dilancarkan oleh Inggris ke Portugal dan Azores juga gagal. Setelah itu, Spanyol memberikan dukungan kepada umat Katolik Irlandia yang memberontak melawan pemerintahan Inggris, dan angkatan laut dan pasukan darat Spanyol dapat mematahkan serangan Inggris. Hal ini menguras keuangan Inggris dan ekonomi yang sempat dipulihkan di bawah kepemimpinan Elizabeth. Inggris pada periode ini memiliki pemerintahan yang tersentralisasi, terorganisasi dengan baik, dan efektif, sebagian besar merupakan hasil reformasi Henry VII dan Henry VIII, serta hukuman keras Elizabeth terhadap para pembangkang. Secara ekonomi, negara diuntungkan oleh perdagangan trans-Atlantik dan pencurian harta Spanyol yang dilakukan terus-menerus."@in . . . 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"46947"^^ . . . . . . . . . . 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"O per\u00EDodo elisabetano ou per\u00EDodo isabelino, \u00E9 o per\u00EDodo associado ao reinado da rainha Isabel I (em ingl\u00EAs: Elizabeth II) de Inglaterra (r. 1558\u20131603). \u00C9 frequentemente considerado uma era dourada da hist\u00F3ria inglesa. Esta \u00E9poca corresponde ao \u00E1pice da renascen\u00E7a inglesa, na qual floresceram a literatura e a poesia do pa\u00EDs. Este foi tamb\u00E9m o tempo durante o qual o teatro elisabetano cresceu e Shakespeare, entre outros, escreveu pe\u00E7as que rompiam com o estilo a que a Inglaterra estava acostumada. Foi um per\u00EDodo de expans\u00E3o e da explora\u00E7\u00E3o no exterior, enquanto no interior a Reforma Protestante era estabelecida e defendida contra as for\u00E7as cat\u00F3licas do continente."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u00C8poca elisabetiana"@ca . . . "\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u65F6\u4EE3"@zh . . . . "\u0404\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0430"@uk . . . . . . . "Isabeldar Aroa Elisabet I.a Ingalaterrakoaren erregealdiak (1558-1603) eta Jakue I.a 1625ean hil arteko Ingalaterrako historiako aroa da."@eu . "* Elizabeth I\n* William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley\n* Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex\n* Francis Walsingham\n* Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester\n* Francis Knollys the Elder\nSee others at List of ministers to Queen Elizabeth I."@en . . . . "Elizabeta epoko"@eo . . . . . . . "Et\u00E0 elisabettiana"@it . . "L'\u00E8re \u00E9lisab\u00E9thaine (Elizabethan era) est la p\u00E9riode de l'histoire de l'Angleterre et de l'Irlande associ\u00E9e au r\u00E8gne de la reine \u00C9lisabeth Ire (1558-1603). Apog\u00E9e de la Renaissance anglaise, l'\u00E8re \u00E9lisab\u00E9thaine fut un \u00E2ge d'or artistique et culturel : la litt\u00E9rature, la po\u00E9sie, le th\u00E9\u00E2tre (dit th\u00E9\u00E2tre \u00E9lisab\u00E9thain) s'y \u00E9panouirent sous l'impulsion de Christopher Marlowe, de William Shakespeare et de Ben Jonson. La puissance et l'influence de l'Angleterre dans le monde s'y affirm\u00E8rent, tandis que la r\u00E9forme protestante s'ancra profond\u00E9ment dans l'\u00E2me nationale."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B9\u671D"@ja . . . . . "L'\u00E8re \u00E9lisab\u00E9thaine (Elizabethan era) est la p\u00E9riode de l'histoire de l'Angleterre et de l'Irlande associ\u00E9e au r\u00E8gne de la reine \u00C9lisabeth Ire (1558-1603). Apog\u00E9e de la Renaissance anglaise, l'\u00E8re \u00E9lisab\u00E9thaine fut un \u00E2ge d'or artistique et culturel : la litt\u00E9rature, la po\u00E9sie, le th\u00E9\u00E2tre (dit th\u00E9\u00E2tre \u00E9lisab\u00E9thain) s'y \u00E9panouirent sous l'impulsion de Christopher Marlowe, de William Shakespeare et de Ben Jonson. La puissance et l'influence de l'Angleterre dans le monde s'y affirm\u00E8rent, tandis que la r\u00E9forme protestante s'ancra profond\u00E9ment dans l'\u00E2me nationale. L'\u00E8re \u00E9lisab\u00E9thaine est d'autant plus remarquable qu'elle contraste fortement avec les deux p\u00E9riodes qui l'encadrent. Elle fut une br\u00E8ve p\u00E9riode de paix civile, apr\u00E8s la difficile r\u00E9forme anglaise et avant les conflits sanglants qui allaient opposer catholiques et protestants, puis Parlement et monarchie au XVIIe si\u00E8cle. Le conflit entre catholiques et protestants fut suspendu, pendant un temps, par le R\u00E8glement religieux \u00E9lisab\u00E9thain, et le parlement n'\u00E9tait pas encore assez puissant pour s'opposer \u00E0 l'absolutisme royal. Ce fut aussi pour l'Angleterre une \u00E9poque de prosp\u00E9rit\u00E9 en comparaison aux autres nations d'Europe. La Renaissance italienne \u00E9tait termin\u00E9e, sous le poids de la domination \u00E9trang\u00E8re en Italie. La France \u00E9tait enlis\u00E9e dans ses propres guerres de religion, qui n'allaient s'achever qu'en 1598 avec l'\u00E9dit de Nantes. En partie pour cette raison, le r\u00E8gne d'\u00C9lisabeth vit pour la premi\u00E8re fois depuis des si\u00E8cles une paix durable entre la France et l'Angleterre. Le seul grand rival restait l'Espagne, \u00E0 laquelle l'Angleterre se heurta aussi bien en Europe qu'en Am\u00E9rique. Ces rivalit\u00E9s aboutirent \u00E0 la guerre anglo-espagnole de 1585 \u00E0 1604. \u00C0 la destruction de l'Invincible Armada par les Anglais en 1588 r\u00E9pondit la victoire espagnole sur l'exp\u00E9dition Drake-Norreys en 1589. Quelque temps plus tard, l'Espagne apporta son soutien aux catholiques irlandais dans leur lutte contre l'Angleterre et infligea une s\u00E9rie de d\u00E9faites aux forces britanniques. Ce conflit retentit sur l'\u00E9conomie anglaise qui avait \u00E9t\u00E9 restaur\u00E9e sous la direction prudente d'\u00C9lisabeth. La rivalit\u00E9 avec l'Espagne entrava la colonisation et le commerce anglais jusqu'\u00E0 la signature du trait\u00E9 de Londres en 1604. Organis\u00E9 autour d'un gouvernement centralis\u00E9 et efficace, h\u00E9ritage des r\u00E9formes d'Henri VII et Henri VIII, le pays commen\u00E7a \u00E0 b\u00E9n\u00E9ficier \u00E9conomiquement du commerce transatlantique."@fr . . . . . . "\u0404\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0430 (\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430 XVI \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043A XVII \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u0432 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u0432 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442 \u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0435\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u043C\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443, \u0432 \u0446\u044E \u0435\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0456 \u044F\u043A \u0412\u0456\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043C \u0428\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0456\u0440 \u0442\u0430 \u041A\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u043B\u043E\u0443, \u0432 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0456 \u043F\u0430\u043C'\u044F\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433, \u043F\u043E\u0435\u0437\u0456\u044F \u0415\u0434\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0424\u0456\u043B\u0456\u043F\u0430 \u0421\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456, \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0424\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0456\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043A\u043E\u043C, \u0412\u043E\u043B\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0420\u0435\u043B\u0456, \u0413\u0430\u043C\u0444\u0440\u0456 \u0413\u0456\u043B\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0430 \u0420\u0456\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043C. \u0404\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 I \u043D\u0456\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u043E\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La elizabeta epoko (a\u016D elizabeta erao) estas la nomo por la rega tempo de re\u011Dino Elizabeto la 1-a de Anglio inter la jaroj 1558 kaj 1603. La tempo ofte nomatas la \"ora epoko de la historio de Anglio\" \u2013 en tiu epoko dati\u011Das la kulmino de la angla renesanco kaj flora tempo de la angla literaturo. La elizabeta teatro ekfloris, la verkoj de William Shakespeare (Vilhelmo \u015Cekspiro) kaj aliaj samfakanoj revoluciigis la manieron verki dramojn. Angloj esploris la mondon kaj la ekspansio de la angla \u015Dtato al Nordameriko komenci\u011Dis. En Anglio mem solidi\u011Dis la protestantismo. La elizabeta epoko elstarigindas \u0109efe kontraste al la periodoj anta\u016D kaj post \u011Di. Estis la periodo post la reformacio de la landa kristana organizi\u011Do for de la katolika eklezio al \u015Dtate difinita anglikana eklezio, kaj anta\u016D la postaj konfliktoj kaj inter anglikanoj kaj katolikoj kaj inter la parlamento kaj la monarkoj, kiuj difinis la 17-an jarcenton. La re\u011Dino Elizabeto povis almena\u016D por la da\u016Dro de sia regotempo pacigi la konfliktojn inter la diversaj kristanismaj grupoj, kaj la parlamento ankora\u016D ne sufi\u0109e fortis por signife ataki la monarkan absolutismon. Anglio havis centraligitan, bone organizitan kaj agopovan registaron, kio precipe \u015Duldi\u011Dis al la reformoj de la anta\u016Daj re\u011Doj Henriko la 7-a kaj Henriko la 8-a. Kompare kun aliaj grandaj e\u016Dropaj \u015Dtatoj Anglio estis en bona pozicio - en Italio fini\u011Dis la renesanco, en Francio ardis religiaj konfliktoj, kiuj nur dum la jaro 1598 finigeblis per la Edikto de Nantes. Anglio perdis siajn lastajn teritoriajn poseda\u0135ojn en la malinsula parto de E\u016Dropo, tiel ke la da\u016Dra inter\u015Dtata konflikto kun Francio dum la regotempo de Elizabeto preska\u016D plene pa\u016Dzis. La nura granda rivalo de Anglio estis la re\u011Dlando Hispanio, kun kiu la angla \u015Dtato havis armeajn konfliktojn kaj en E\u016Dropo kaj en Ameriko, kiuj kulminis en la Angla-Hispana Milito (1585\u20131604). La provo de la hispana re\u011Do Filipo la 2-a, dum la jaro 1588 helpe de granda milit\u015Diparo invadi Anglion, same malsukcesis kiel la atako de brita milit\u015Diparo al Hispanio sub la angla armeestro Francis Drake dum 1589. Hispanio poste finance subtenis la ribelon de katolikoj en Irlando kontra\u016D la angla regado kaj provokis marbatalojn de hispanaj kontra\u016D anglaj milit\u015Dipoj. La kostoj ligitaj al tiuj armeaj konfliktoj signife dama\u011Dis la \u015Dtatajn financojn de Anglio kaj lige al tio la nacian ekonomion."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Isabeldar Aroa Elisabet I.a Ingalaterrakoaren erregealdiak (1558-1603) eta Jakue I.a 1625ean hil arteko Ingalaterrako historiako aroa da."@eu . "R\u00E9 Eil\u00EDseach"@ga . . . . . "1122339669"^^ . "\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u65F6\u4EE3\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AElizabethan era\uFF09\u662F\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u7531\u90FD\u94CE\u738B\u671D\u5973\u738B\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u4E00\u4E16\uFF081558-1603\uFF09\u7EDF\u6CBB\u7684\u65F6\u671F\u3002\u5386\u53F2\u5B66\u5BB6\u7ECF\u5E38\u5C06\u5176\u63CF\u8FF0\u4E3A\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u7684\u9EC4\u91D1\u65F6\u4EE3\u3002\u4E0D\u5217\u98A0\u5C3C\u4E9A\u7684\u8C61\u5F81\uFF08\u82F1\u56FD\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u8EAB\uFF09\u4E8E1572\u5E74\u9996\u6B21\u4F7F\u7528\uFF0C\u5E76\u5C06\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u65F6\u4EE3\u63CF\u7ED8\u4E3A\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u7684\u6587\u827A\u590D\u5174\uFF0C\u901A\u8FC7\u53E4\u5178\u7406\u60F3\u3001\u56FD\u9645\u6269\u5F20\u548C\u6D77\u519B\u5BF9\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u7684\u80DC\u5229\u6FC0\u53D1\u4E86\u82F1\u683C\u5170\u7684\u6C11\u65CF\u81EA\u8C6A\u611F\u3002 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"L'et\u00E0 elisabettiana \u00E8 il nome comunemente dato al periodo della storia inglese che cadde durante il regno di Elisabetta I figlia di Enrico VIII con la sua seconda moglie Anna Bolena, dal 1558 al 1603, fino alla morte del suo successore Giacomo I nel 1625. In questo periodo l'Inghilterra visse un'intensa fase di sviluppo economico e culturale dovuto alla convivenza comune e pacifica tra i puritani, anglicani e i cattolici."@it . . . . . . . "Isabeldar Aroa"@eu . . . . 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"Is sainr\u00E9 san stair Shasanach marc\u00E1ilte leis an r\u00E9imeas Eil\u00EDs I Shasana (1558\u20131603) \u00EDan R\u00E9 Eil\u00EDseach. L\u00E9ir\u00EDtear staraithe go minic \u00ED mar an R\u00E9 \u00D3rga i stair Shasanach."@ga . . . "La \u00E9poca isabelina es la era en la historia inglesa marcada por el reinado de la reina Isabel I (1558-1603), y hasta la muerte de Jacobo I en 1625. Los historiadores representan a menudo a este periodo como la edad de oro de la historia de Inglaterra. En este periodo, Inglaterra vivi\u00F3 una fase intensa de desarrollo econ\u00F3mico, cultural y social. El s\u00EDmbolo de Britannia fue utilizado por primera vez en 1572, y, a menudo a partir de entonces, para marcar la \u00E9poca isabelina como un renacimiento que inspira el orgullo nacional a trav\u00E9s de los ideales cl\u00E1sicos, expansi\u00F3n internacional, y el triunfo naval sobre Espa\u00F1a, en ese tiempo, su m\u00E1s enconado rival. Al juzgar de algunos historiadores, en esta \u00E9poca \"Inglaterra fue econ\u00F3micamente m\u00E1s sana, m\u00E1s expansiva, y m\u00E1s optimista bajo los Tudor\" que "@es . . . . "\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B9\u671D\uFF08\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B9\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3001Elizabethan era\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u738B\u56FD\u306E\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30C0\u30FC\u671D\u306E\u3046\u3061\u3001\u7279\u306B\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B91\u4E16\u306E\u6CBB\u4E16\u671F\u9593\uFF081558\u5E74 - 1603\u5E74\uFF09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u6642\u4EE3\u533A\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u9EC4\u91D1\u671F\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u5BFE\u5916\u7684\u306B\u306F\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u306E\u7121\u6575\u8266\u968A\u3092\u7834\u308B\u306A\u3069\u56FD\u5A01\u3092\u793A\u3057\u3001\u5185\u653F\u7684\u306B\u306F\u30D7\u30ED\u30C6\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u30AB\u30C8\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u3092\u7D42\u606F\u3055\u305B\u3001\u56FD\u529B\u3092\u5145\u5B9F\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u82B8\u8853\u3001\u6587\u82B8\u3082\u6804\u3048\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30EB\u30CD\u30B5\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u6700\u76DB\u671F\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30EB\u30CD\u30B5\u30F3\u30B9\u6F14\u5287\u3082\u8CD1\u308F\u3044\u3092\u898B\u305B\u3001\u3068\u308A\u308F\u3051\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FB\u30B7\u30A7\u30A4\u30AF\u30B9\u30D4\u30A2\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5F93\u6765\u306E\u69D8\u5F0F\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7834\u3063\u305F\u6F14\u5287\u306F\u8A71\u984C\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u6587\u5B66\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u3067\u300C\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B9\u671D\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u8449\u304C\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306E\u30B8\u30A7\u30FC\u30E0\u30BA1\u4E16\uFF081603\u5E74 - 1625\u5E74\uFF09\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA1\u4E16\uFF081625\u5E74 - 1649\u5E74\uFF09\u306E\u5728\u4F4D\u671F\u9593\u3092\u542B\u3081\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B91\u4E16\u306E\u9803\u306B\u306F\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FB\u30B7\u30A7\u30A4\u30AF\u30B9\u30D4\u30A2\u304C\u73FE\u308C\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u306B\u6B8B\u308B\u622F\u66F2\u306E\u591A\u304F\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30B7\u30A7\u30A4\u30AF\u30B9\u30D4\u30A2\u306F\u30BD\u30CD\u30C3\u30C8\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3082\u5927\u304D\u306A\u8DB3\u8DE1\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30AF\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30FB\u30DE\u30FC\u30ED\u30A6\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u591A\u304F\u306E\u8A69\u6587\u304C\u6B8B\u3055\u308C\u3001\u82F1\u6587\u5B66\u306E\u5927\u304D\u306A\u8CA1\u7523\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u306A\u304A\u3001\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30C0\u30FC\u671D\u306E\u9803\u306E\u5EFA\u9020\u7269\u306A\u3069\u306F\u300C\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30C0\u30FC\u69D8\u5F0F\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B9\u671D\uFF08\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B9\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3001Elizabethan era\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u738B\u56FD\u306E\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30C0\u30FC\u671D\u306E\u3046\u3061\u3001\u7279\u306B\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B91\u4E16\u306E\u6CBB\u4E16\u671F\u9593\uFF081558\u5E74 - 1603\u5E74\uFF09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u6642\u4EE3\u533A\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u9EC4\u91D1\u671F\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u5BFE\u5916\u7684\u306B\u306F\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u306E\u7121\u6575\u8266\u968A\u3092\u7834\u308B\u306A\u3069\u56FD\u5A01\u3092\u793A\u3057\u3001\u5185\u653F\u7684\u306B\u306F\u30D7\u30ED\u30C6\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30C8\u3068\u30AB\u30C8\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u306E\u5BFE\u7ACB\u3092\u7D42\u606F\u3055\u305B\u3001\u56FD\u529B\u3092\u5145\u5B9F\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u82B8\u8853\u3001\u6587\u82B8\u3082\u6804\u3048\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30EB\u30CD\u30B5\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u6700\u76DB\u671F\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u30FB\u30EB\u30CD\u30B5\u30F3\u30B9\u6F14\u5287\u3082\u8CD1\u308F\u3044\u3092\u898B\u305B\u3001\u3068\u308A\u308F\u3051\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FB\u30B7\u30A7\u30A4\u30AF\u30B9\u30D4\u30A2\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5F93\u6765\u306E\u69D8\u5F0F\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7834\u3063\u305F\u6F14\u5287\u306F\u8A71\u984C\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u6587\u5B66\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u3067\u300C\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B9\u671D\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u8449\u304C\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306E\u30B8\u30A7\u30FC\u30E0\u30BA1\u4E16\uFF081603\u5E74 - 1625\u5E74\uFF09\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA1\u4E16\uFF081625\u5E74 - 1649\u5E74\uFF09\u306E\u5728\u4F4D\u671F\u9593\u3092\u542B\u3081\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u30A8\u30EA\u30B6\u30D9\u30B91\u4E16\u306E\u9803\u306B\u306F\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FB\u30B7\u30A7\u30A4\u30AF\u30B9\u30D4\u30A2\u304C\u73FE\u308C\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u306B\u6B8B\u308B\u622F\u66F2\u306E\u591A\u304F\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30B7\u30A7\u30A4\u30AF\u30B9\u30D4\u30A2\u306F\u30BD\u30CD\u30C3\u30C8\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3082\u5927\u304D\u306A\u8DB3\u8DE1\u3092\u6B8B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30AF\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30FB\u30DE\u30FC\u30ED\u30A6\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u591A\u304F\u306E\u8A69\u6587\u304C\u6B8B\u3055\u308C\u3001\u82F1\u6587\u5B66\u306E\u5927\u304D\u306A\u8CA1\u7523\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u306A\u304A\u3001\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30C0\u30FC\u671D\u306E\u9803\u306E\u5EFA\u9020\u7269\u306A\u3069\u306F\u300C\u30C6\u30E5\u30FC\u30C0\u30FC\u69D8\u5F0F\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "Elisabetansk tid"@sv . . . . . . . . . . "\u00C8re \u00E9lisab\u00E9thaine"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . "Elisabethanisches Zeitalter ist der Name f\u00FCr die Regierungszeit von K\u00F6nigin Elisabeth I. von 1558 bis 1603. Es wird oft als das goldene Zeitalter der englischen Geschichte bezeichnet \u2013 in diese Periode fallen der H\u00F6hepunkt der englischen Renaissance und eine Bl\u00FCtezeit der englischen Literatur. Das Elisabethanische Theater bl\u00FChte auf, die St\u00FCcke William Shakespeares und anderer revolutionierten die Art, Dramen zu schreiben. Engl\u00E4nder erforschten die Welt, die Expansion nach Nordamerika begann. In England selbst festigte sich der Protestantismus. In die Regierungszeit Elisabeths f\u00E4llt auch der Sieg \u00FCber die spanische Armada, was allgemein als Beginn der Vorherrschaft der englischen Marine zur See betrachtet wird."@de . . . . "Elizabethan era"@en . . . . . . "Per\u00EDodo elisabetano"@pt . . . . . . . "Elisabethanisches Zeitalter"@de . . . "Is sainr\u00E9 san stair Shasanach marc\u00E1ilte leis an r\u00E9imeas Eil\u00EDs I Shasana (1558\u20131603) \u00EDan R\u00E9 Eil\u00EDseach. L\u00E9ir\u00EDtear staraithe go minic \u00ED mar an R\u00E9 \u00D3rga i stair Shasanach."@ga . . . . "L'et\u00E0 elisabettiana \u00E8 il nome comunemente dato al periodo della storia inglese che cadde durante il regno di Elisabetta I figlia di Enrico VIII con la sua seconda moglie Anna Bolena, dal 1558 al 1603, fino alla morte del suo successore Giacomo I nel 1625. In questo periodo l'Inghilterra visse un'intensa fase di sviluppo economico e culturale dovuto alla convivenza comune e pacifica tra i puritani, anglicani e i cattolici."@it . . . . "Era Elizabeth"@in . . . . . . "Elisabetansk tid eller den elisabetanska eran \u00E4r en tidsperiod f\u00F6rknippad med drottning Elisabet I:s regeringstid 1558\u20131603 och betraktas ofta som en guld\u00E5lder i Englands historia. Den var den engelska ren\u00E4ssansens h\u00F6jdpunkt, och engelsk litteratur och blomstrade. Det var under denna tid den elisabetanska teatern v\u00E4xte och William Shakespeare, bland andra, skrev pj\u00E4ser som skilde sig markant fr\u00E5n Englands tidigare pj\u00E4sstil. Det var en tid d\u00E5 England expanderade och utforskade utomlands, medan den protestantiska reformationen p\u00E5 hemmaplan etablerades och lyckades f\u00F6rsvara sig mot de katolska krafterna p\u00E5 kontinenten."@sv .