. . "An artillery observer, artillery spotter or forward observer (FO) is responsible for directing artillery and mortar fire onto a target. It may be a forward air controller (FAC) for close air support (CAS) and spotter for naval gunfire support (NGSF). Also known as fire support specialist (FiSTer), an artillery observer usually accompanies a tank or infantry maneuver unit. Spotters ensure that indirect fire hits targets which the troops at the fire support base cannot see. Because artillery is an indirect fire weapon system, the guns are rarely in line-of-sight of their target, often located miles away. The observer serves as the eyes of the guns, by sending target locations and if necessary corrections to the fall of shot, usually by radio. More recently, a mission controller for an Army Unmanned Air System (UAS) may also perform this function, and some armies use special artillery patrols behind the enemy's forward elements. Special forces such as the British SAS, US SEALs, Russian Spetsnaz can perform this role. These patrols will usually coordinate with heavier long range guns and assets and seek high value targets such as enemy HQs. This is in contrast to the artillery observer attached to field/line artillery which is working in support of its own combat group. Such patrols may also form into 'stay behind' parties which deliberately hide in special observation hides as the main force fights a withdrawal. Broadly, there are two very different approaches to artillery observation. Either the observer has command authority and orders fire, including the type and amount of ammunition to be fired, to batteries. Or the observer requests fire from an artillery headquarters at some level, which decides if fire will be provided, by which batteries, and the type and amount of ammunition to be provided. The first is characterized by the British, the second by the United States. In World War II both Germany and the Soviet Union tended towards the British method. In the US System, the observer sends a request for fire, usually to his battalion or battery Fire Direction Center (FDC). The FDC then decides how much fire to permit and may request additional fire from a higher artillery headquarters. FDC(s) convert the observer's target information into firing data for the battery's weapons. In the British system, the observer sends a fire order to his own and any other batteries authorized to them, and may request fire from additional batteries. Each battery command post converts the fire orders into firing data for its own guns. Until post-World War II the observer would usually order actual firing data to the guns of his own troop, this was enabled by the use of calibrating sights on the guns. Artillery observers are considered high-priority targets by enemy forces, as they control a great amount of firepower, are within visual range of the enemy, and may be located within enemy territory."@en . "Um observador para artilharia, em ingl\u00EAs: spotter, na terminologia militar \u00E9 o respons\u00E1vel por direcionar o fogo de artilharia e morteiros, geralmente para alvos oportunistas. Devido ao fato de que a artilharia \u00E9 um sistema de arma de fogo indireto, as armas raramente est\u00E3o em posi\u00E7\u00E3o de visualizar os alvos, na verdade, em geral elas se encontram a quil\u00F4metros de dist\u00E2ncia. O observador serve como \"olhos\" das armas, enviando a localiza\u00E7\u00E3o dos alvos, e se necess\u00E1rio corre\u00E7\u00F5es para que os proj\u00E9teis atinjam os alvos, em geral por r\u00E1dio."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5C04\u5F3E\u89B3\u6E2C\uFF08\u3057\u3083\u3060\u3093\u304B\u3093\u305D\u304F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u706B\u7832\u304B\u3089\u767A\u5C04\u3055\u308C\u305F\u7832\u5F3E\u304C\u843D\u7740\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u66F3\u706B\u7834\u88C2\u3057\u305F\u4F4D\u7F6E\u304C\u76EE\u6A19\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u4F4D\u7F6E\u95A2\u4FC2\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304B\u3001\u307E\u305F\u3001\u305D\u306E\u52B9\u529B\u3092\u89B3\u6E2C\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5F3E\u7740\u89B3\u6E2C\u3068\u3082\u3002 \u5C04\u5F3E\u89B3\u6E2C\u306F\u5C04\u6483\u306E\u57FA\u790E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u305D\u306E\u6B63\u5426\u306F\u5C04\u6483\u306E\u52B9\u529B\u306B\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u304A\u3088\u307C\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306B\u9593\u63A5\u5C04\u6483\u3084\u9577\u8DDD\u96E2\u5C04\u6483\u3092\u884C\u3046\u5834\u5408\u306E\u7832\u5175\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u91CD\u8981\u304B\u3064\u7279\u5225\u306E\u8003\u616E\u304C\u5FC5\u8981\u3068\u306A\u308B\u3002\u5BFE\u7A7A\u5C04\u6483\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3082\u540C\u69D8\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u3053\u3067\u3001\u7832\u5175\u5C04\u6483\u3084\u5BFE\u7A7A\u5C04\u6483\u306E\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7279\u5225\u306E\u88C5\u5099\u3092\u6709\u3057\u7279\u5225\u306E\u8A13\u7DF4\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u305F\u62C5\u5F53\u8981\u54E1\u306A\u3044\u3057\u62C5\u5F53\u90E8\u968A\u3092\u8A2D\u3051\u3066\u884C\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u4E3B\u306A\u89B3\u6E2C\u5BFE\u8C61\u8981\u7D20\u306F\u3001\u65B9\u5411\u30FB\u9060\u8FD1\u304A\u3088\u3073\u7834\u88C2\u9AD8\u5EA6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u6226\u8ECA\u30FB\u98DB\u884C\u6A5F\u306A\u3069\u306E\u9AD8\u901F\u3067\u79FB\u52D5\u3059\u308B\u76EE\u6A19\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5C04\u5F3E\u306E\u89B3\u6E2C\u306F\u56F0\u96E3\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306B\u3001\u822A\u7A7A\u76EE\u6A19\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5730\u4E0A\u7269\u3068\u306E\u5BFE\u7167\u304C\u7121\u3044\u76EE\u6A19\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5C04\u5F3E\u306F\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u89B3\u6E2C\u4E0D\u80FD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u663C\u9593\u306F\u66F3\u7159\u5F3E\u3092\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3001\u591C\u9593\u306F\u66F3\u5149\u5F3E\u3092\u767A\u5C04\u3057\u3001\u7167\u660E\u5F3E\u306E\u767A\u5C04\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u76EE\u6A19\u306E\u8A8D\u8B58\u3092\u660E\u77AD\u306B\u3059\u308B\u306A\u3069\u306E\u65B9\u6CD5\u304C\u3068\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u89B3\u6E2C\u7D50\u679C\u306E\u8FC5\u901F\u306A\u30D5\u30A3\u30FC\u30C9\u30D0\u30C3\u30AF\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u901A\u4FE1\u8A2D\u5099\u3082\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u53E4\u304F\u306F\u56DE\u5149\u901A\u4FE1\u6A5F\u304C\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "Eldledare, soldat eller officer som best\u00E4mmer var, hur och n\u00E4r den indirekta elden skall verka. Indirekt eld \u00E4r all verkanseld d\u00E4r skytten inte ser m\u00E5let och d\u00E4rf\u00F6r beh\u00F6ver n\u00E5gon som anm\u00E4ler m\u00E5l och reglerar elden \u2013 en eldledare. Eldledare arbetar inom j\u00E4garf\u00F6rband, samt i eldledningsvagnar (till exempel EPBV 90), spaningsplutoner eller som bek\u00E4mpningsassistenter inom pansarf\u00F6rband. Typiska indirekta eldsystem \u00E4r granatkastare, kanoner, haubitsar, styrda bomber, robotar, och fartygsartilleri. Eldledaren ansvarar inf\u00F6r f\u00F6rbandschefen f\u00F6r den indirekta eldens planering och f\u00F6rberedelser i form av m\u00E5lbest\u00E4mning, inskjutning av skjutande f\u00F6rband (i form av registrering av ) och f\u00F6rberedande registrering av m\u00E5l. Eldledare kan, med hj\u00E4lp av radio, agera Forward Air Controller (FAC) och kalla in luftunderst\u00F6d (Close Air Support) med mindre kompletterande utbildning. En eldledare ska kunna jobba med en s\u00E5dan stor noggrannhet och precision som m\u00F6jligt f\u00F6r att uppn\u00E5 m\u00E5let direkt verkanseld (tr\u00E4ff vid f\u00F6rsta eld\u00F6ppnandet). D\u00E4rf\u00F6r anv\u00E4nder sig eldledare endast i n\u00F6dfall av kartor f\u00F6r m\u00E5luttagning p\u00E5 grund av missvisningar som kan f\u00F6rekomma. Eldledaren strider med de fr\u00E4mre delarna av en anfallsr\u00F6relse eller f\u00F6rsvarsstrid. Detta inneb\u00E4r att eldledare potentiellt har tillg\u00E5ng till en enorm m\u00E4ngd eldkraft. Stor vikt \u00E4r d\u00E4rf\u00F6r lagd p\u00E5 att kunna agera dolt i strid under utbildningen, eftersom e-grupper och e-vagnar \u00E4r h\u00F6gt eftertraktade m\u00E5l f\u00F6r den eventuella fienden. Trots detta arbetar svenska eldledare under principen 'verkan f\u00F6re skydd'. Svenska eldledare anv\u00E4nder sig fr\u00E4mst av granatkastarplutoner, eller haubits-bataljoner."@sv . . "Ein Vorgeschobener Beobachter (VB) f\u00FCr M\u00F6rser oder Artilleriebeobachter (AB) f\u00FCr Rohr- und Raketenartillerie (in der Schweizer Armee: Schiesskommandant) ist ein Beobachter, der die Kampftruppe begleitet, das indirekte Feuer der Artillerie und M\u00F6rser zu ihrer unmittelbaren Unterst\u00FCtzung lenkt und die Gefechtsaufkl\u00E4rung der Truppe verdichtet. Der Forward Air Controller (Fliegerleitoffizier) lenkt die Wirkmittel der Luftwaffe f\u00FCr die Kampfunterst\u00FCtzung des Heeres."@de . . . "\u0410\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0430 \u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0433\u043D\u044E \u043F\u043E \u0446\u0456\u043B\u0456 \u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Forward Air Controller (FAC)) \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0432\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u00AB\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Forward Observer), \u00AB\u0421\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0438\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Fire Support Specialist) \u0430\u0431\u043E \u00AB\u0424\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. FISTer). \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0430\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0445\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0443. \u0417\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0456\u043C \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0449\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u0446\u044E \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0440\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Army Unmanned Air System (UAS) \u0456 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043B\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430."@uk . . . . "Observador para artilharia"@pt . . . . "\u5C04\u5F3E\u89B3\u6E2C\uFF08\u3057\u3083\u3060\u3093\u304B\u3093\u305D\u304F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u706B\u7832\u304B\u3089\u767A\u5C04\u3055\u308C\u305F\u7832\u5F3E\u304C\u843D\u7740\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u66F3\u706B\u7834\u88C2\u3057\u305F\u4F4D\u7F6E\u304C\u76EE\u6A19\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u4F4D\u7F6E\u95A2\u4FC2\u306B\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304B\u3001\u307E\u305F\u3001\u305D\u306E\u52B9\u529B\u3092\u89B3\u6E2C\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5F3E\u7740\u89B3\u6E2C\u3068\u3082\u3002 \u5C04\u5F3E\u89B3\u6E2C\u306F\u5C04\u6483\u306E\u57FA\u790E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u305D\u306E\u6B63\u5426\u306F\u5C04\u6483\u306E\u52B9\u529B\u306B\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u304A\u3088\u307C\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306B\u9593\u63A5\u5C04\u6483\u3084\u9577\u8DDD\u96E2\u5C04\u6483\u3092\u884C\u3046\u5834\u5408\u306E\u7832\u5175\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u91CD\u8981\u304B\u3064\u7279\u5225\u306E\u8003\u616E\u304C\u5FC5\u8981\u3068\u306A\u308B\u3002\u5BFE\u7A7A\u5C04\u6483\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3082\u540C\u69D8\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u3053\u3067\u3001\u7832\u5175\u5C04\u6483\u3084\u5BFE\u7A7A\u5C04\u6483\u306E\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7279\u5225\u306E\u88C5\u5099\u3092\u6709\u3057\u7279\u5225\u306E\u8A13\u7DF4\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u305F\u62C5\u5F53\u8981\u54E1\u306A\u3044\u3057\u62C5\u5F53\u90E8\u968A\u3092\u8A2D\u3051\u3066\u884C\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u4E3B\u306A\u89B3\u6E2C\u5BFE\u8C61\u8981\u7D20\u306F\u3001\u65B9\u5411\u30FB\u9060\u8FD1\u304A\u3088\u3073\u7834\u88C2\u9AD8\u5EA6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u6226\u8ECA\u30FB\u98DB\u884C\u6A5F\u306A\u3069\u306E\u9AD8\u901F\u3067\u79FB\u52D5\u3059\u308B\u76EE\u6A19\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5C04\u5F3E\u306E\u89B3\u6E2C\u306F\u56F0\u96E3\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306B\u3001\u822A\u7A7A\u76EE\u6A19\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5730\u4E0A\u7269\u3068\u306E\u5BFE\u7167\u304C\u7121\u3044\u76EE\u6A19\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u5C04\u5F3E\u306F\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u89B3\u6E2C\u4E0D\u80FD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u663C\u9593\u306F\u66F3\u7159\u5F3E\u3092\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u3001\u591C\u9593\u306F\u66F3\u5149\u5F3E\u3092\u767A\u5C04\u3057\u3001\u7167\u660E\u5F3E\u306E\u767A\u5C04\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u76EE\u6A19\u306E\u8A8D\u8B58\u3092\u660E\u77AD\u306B\u3059\u308B\u306A\u3069\u306E\u65B9\u6CD5\u304C\u3068\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u89B3\u6E2C\u7D50\u679C\u306E\u8FC5\u901F\u306A\u30D5\u30A3\u30FC\u30C9\u30D0\u30C3\u30AF\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u901A\u4FE1\u8A2D\u5099\u3082\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u53E4\u304F\u306F\u56DE\u5149\u901A\u4FE1\u6A5F\u304C\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . "\u0410\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0430 \u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0433\u043D\u044E \u043F\u043E \u0446\u0456\u043B\u0456 \u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Forward Air Controller (FAC)) \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0432\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u00AB\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Forward Observer), \u00AB\u0421\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0438\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Fire Support Specialist) \u0430\u0431\u043E \u00AB\u0424\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. FISTer). \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0430\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0445\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0443. \u0417\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0456\u043C \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0449\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u0446\u044E \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0440\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Army Unmanned Air System (UAS) \u0456 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043B\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0430."@uk . . . . "1140775"^^ . . . . . . "Un observateur d'artillerie militaire, un observateur ou un FO (observateur avanc\u00E9) est charg\u00E9 de diriger les tirs d'artillerie et de mortier sur une cible et peut \u00EAtre un contr\u00F4leur a\u00E9rien avanc\u00E9 (FAC) pour le soutien a\u00E9rien rapproch\u00E9 et un observateur pour le r\u00E9glage des tirs d'artillerie navale. \u00C9galement connu sous le nom de sp\u00E9cialiste de l'appui-feu ou FISTer (Fire Support Specialist), un observateur d'artillerie accompagne g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement une unit\u00E9 de chars ou une unit\u00E9 d'infanterie, \u00E9galement avec son propre v\u00E9hicule de reconnaissance. Les observateurs s'assurent que le tir indirect frappe des cibles que les troupes de la base d'appui-feu ne peuvent pas voir."@fr . . "Um observador para artilharia, em ingl\u00EAs: spotter, na terminologia militar \u00E9 o respons\u00E1vel por direcionar o fogo de artilharia e morteiros, geralmente para alvos oportunistas. Devido ao fato de que a artilharia \u00E9 um sistema de arma de fogo indireto, as armas raramente est\u00E3o em posi\u00E7\u00E3o de visualizar os alvos, na verdade, em geral elas se encontram a quil\u00F4metros de dist\u00E2ncia. O observador serve como \"olhos\" das armas, enviando a localiza\u00E7\u00E3o dos alvos, e se necess\u00E1rio corre\u00E7\u00F5es para que os proj\u00E9teis atinjam os alvos, em geral por r\u00E1dio."@pt . . . . . . . . . "\u5C04\u5F3E\u89B3\u6E2C"@ja . . . . . . "Artillery observer"@en . . . "Eldledare, soldat eller officer som best\u00E4mmer var, hur och n\u00E4r den indirekta elden skall verka. Indirekt eld \u00E4r all verkanseld d\u00E4r skytten inte ser m\u00E5let och d\u00E4rf\u00F6r beh\u00F6ver n\u00E5gon som anm\u00E4ler m\u00E5l och reglerar elden \u2013 en eldledare. Eldledare arbetar inom j\u00E4garf\u00F6rband, samt i eldledningsvagnar (till exempel EPBV 90), spaningsplutoner eller som bek\u00E4mpningsassistenter inom pansarf\u00F6rband."@sv . . . . . "\u0410\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0447"@uk . . . . . . "1122352491"^^ . . . . . . "10768"^^ . . . "Eldledare"@sv . "Ein Vorgeschobener Beobachter (VB) f\u00FCr M\u00F6rser oder Artilleriebeobachter (AB) f\u00FCr Rohr- und Raketenartillerie (in der Schweizer Armee: Schiesskommandant) ist ein Beobachter, der die Kampftruppe begleitet, das indirekte Feuer der Artillerie und M\u00F6rser zu ihrer unmittelbaren Unterst\u00FCtzung lenkt und die Gefechtsaufkl\u00E4rung der Truppe verdichtet. Der Forward Air Controller (Fliegerleitoffizier) lenkt die Wirkmittel der Luftwaffe f\u00FCr die Kampfunterst\u00FCtzung des Heeres. Der VB / AB ben\u00F6tigt einen guten \u00DCberblick \u00FCber das Gefechtsfeld. Daher werden als Beobachtungsstelle (B-Stelle) hohe Geb\u00E4ude oder T\u00FCrme bevorzugt, aber auch die vorderste Kampflinie. Seine Aufgaben sind unter anderem die \u00DCberwachung des Gefechtsfeldes, die Zielaufkl\u00E4rung und -identifizierung, die Feuerlenkung eigener Waffen und Feststellung des Erfolgs des Wirkungsschie\u00DFens (Wirkungsaufkl\u00E4rung), die Meldung der eigenen Beobachtungsergebnisse, die Entgegennahme und Weiterleitung von Feueranforderungen der Kampftruppe sowie das Halten der Verbindung zum F\u00FChrer der Kampftruppe, mit dem der Beobachter \u201Eauf Zusammenarbeit angewiesen\u201C (nicht unterstellt) ist. Beobachtungsmittel und -hilfsmittel sind neben den eigenen Augen verschiedene Tag und W\u00E4rmebildoptiken wie ein um 360 Grad schwenkbares PERI D 11-Doppelfernrohr, Kompass und Laserentfernungsmesser. Daneben bestehen bei der Artillerie weitere Beobachtungsm\u00F6glichkeiten, zum Beispiel durch das Artilleriebeobachtungsradar, Schallmessung oder Drohnen. Die Lichtmessung, bei der der M\u00FCndungsblitz erfasst wurde, wird nicht mehr durchgef\u00FChrt. Nachfolger des vorgeschobenen Beobachters / Artilleriebeobachter in der Bundeswehr ist das Joint Fire Support Team, (JFST) ein Koordinierungselement der Streitkr\u00E4ftegemeinsamen Taktischen Feuerunterst\u00FCtzung. Das JFST lenkt neben den Feuer von Rohr und Raketen Steilfeuer auch die Luftnahunterst\u00FCtzung (CAS)."@de . "Un observateur d'artillerie militaire, un observateur ou un FO (observateur avanc\u00E9) est charg\u00E9 de diriger les tirs d'artillerie et de mortier sur une cible et peut \u00EAtre un contr\u00F4leur a\u00E9rien avanc\u00E9 (FAC) pour le soutien a\u00E9rien rapproch\u00E9 et un observateur pour le r\u00E9glage des tirs d'artillerie navale. \u00C9galement connu sous le nom de sp\u00E9cialiste de l'appui-feu ou FISTer (Fire Support Specialist), un observateur d'artillerie accompagne g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement une unit\u00E9 de chars ou une unit\u00E9 d'infanterie, \u00E9galement avec son propre v\u00E9hicule de reconnaissance. Les observateurs s'assurent que le tir indirect frappe des cibles que les troupes de la base d'appui-feu ne peuvent pas voir."@fr . "Observateur d'artillerie"@fr . "Vorgeschobener Beobachter"@de . . . . "An artillery observer, artillery spotter or forward observer (FO) is responsible for directing artillery and mortar fire onto a target. It may be a forward air controller (FAC) for close air support (CAS) and spotter for naval gunfire support (NGSF). Also known as fire support specialist (FiSTer), an artillery observer usually accompanies a tank or infantry maneuver unit. Spotters ensure that indirect fire hits targets which the troops at the fire support base cannot see."@en .