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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Underwater_habitat
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Unterwasserstation Undervattenshabitat Гидрополисы Onderzeeverblijf Habitat subaquático 海中居住施設 Underwater habitat
rdfs:comment
Underwater habitats are underwater structures in which people can live for extended periods and carry out most of the basic human functions of a 24-hour day, such as working, resting, eating, attending to personal hygiene, and sleeping. In this context, 'habitat' is generally used in a narrow sense to mean the interior and immediate exterior of the structure and its fixtures, but not its surrounding marine environment. Most early underwater habitats lacked regenerative systems for air, water, food, electricity, and other resources. However, some underwater habitats allow for these resources to be delivered using pipes, or generated within the habitat, rather than manually delivered. Ett undervattenshabitat består av en luft- eller gasfylld undervattensbyggnad eller undervattenshus där människor kan leva en eller flera dagar under vattnet. Besökarna i habitatet kan utföra de flesta normala 24-timmarsrutiner i undervattensbyggnaden d.v.s. äta, sova och arbeta. Ett stort antal habitat har byggts sedan början av 1960-talet, huvudsakligen för forskningsändamål. Eine Unterwasserstation bzw. ein Unterwasserlabor (kurz UWL), auch Unterwasserhabitat, ist eine Tauch- und Arbeitsstation unter Wasser, die in der Regel auf dem Meeresboden für Forschungszwecke wie meereskundliche Aufgaben dauerhaft oder für einen längeren Zeitraum errichtet wird. Entsprechend der Aquanautik, dem Forschungsbereich der Meereskunde, der sich mit der Stationierung von Menschen unter Wasser beschäftigt, nennt man Besatzungsmitglieder einer Unterwasserstation Aquanauten. 海中居住施設（かいちゅうきょじゅうしせつ、英語: Sea habitat）は、長期間の海中への滞在を目的とした定置式の施設。 Habitats subaquáticos são estruturas subaquáticas em que as pessoas podem viver por longos períodos e realizar a maioria das funções humanas básicas de um dia de 24 horas, como trabalhar, descansar, comer, cuidar da higiene pessoal e dormir. Neste contexto, "habitat" é geralmente usado em sentido estrito para significar o interior e o exterior imediato da estrutura e seus acessórios, mas não o seu ambiente marinho circundante. A maioria dos primeiros habitats subaquáticos carecia de sistemas regenerativos para ar, água, alimentos, eletricidade e outros recursos. No entanto, recentemente, alguns novos habitats subaquáticos permitem que estes recursos sejam entregues usando tubos ou gerados dentro do habitat, em vez de serem manualmente entregues. Een onderzeeverblijf is een diepzeeverblijf voor duikers en kikvorsmannen, die langdurig onder water moeten werken en er zich kunnen terugtrekken naar deze onderzeeverblijven, zonder dat ze naar de oppervlakte moeten komen. De onderwaterverblijven variëren van zowel als grootte als aan comfort. Sommige onderwaterverblijven worden constant bewoond door onderzoeksteams, die in comfort in deze stalen woonconstructies werken en leven. Sommige mensen dromen ervan om in de verre toekomst onderzeese steden te bouwen, omdat ooit misschien het woongebied aan de oppervlakte overbevolkt zal raken. Гидрополисы — подводные поселения, приспособленные для жизни нескольких человек, но не предназначенные для исключительно научной работы. Могут являться подводными отелями, туристическими центрами, в перспективе — рыбоводческими хозяйствами и т. д. Основной смысл подводного дома заключается в том, чтобы при проведении каких-либо подводных работ (особенно глубоководных) исключить для водолазов необходимую при каждом подъёме на поверхность длительную декомпрессию.
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Гидрополисы — подводные поселения, приспособленные для жизни нескольких человек, но не предназначенные для исключительно научной работы. Могут являться подводными отелями, туристическими центрами, в перспективе — рыбоводческими хозяйствами и т. д. Основной смысл подводного дома заключается в том, чтобы при проведении каких-либо подводных работ (особенно глубоководных) исключить для водолазов необходимую при каждом подъёме на поверхность длительную декомпрессию. Наличие подводного дома позволяет избежать декомпрессионных рисков и потерь времени — водолаза по окончании рабочего времени не требуется каждый раз поднимать на поверхность. Как правило, внутреннее давление в подводном доме поддерживается на уровне внешнего давления воды, поэтому при переходе из воды в дом декомпрессия не требуется. Eine Unterwasserstation bzw. ein Unterwasserlabor (kurz UWL), auch Unterwasserhabitat, ist eine Tauch- und Arbeitsstation unter Wasser, die in der Regel auf dem Meeresboden für Forschungszwecke wie meereskundliche Aufgaben dauerhaft oder für einen längeren Zeitraum errichtet wird. In den 1960er und 70er Jahren dienten Unterwasserstationen der Erforschung insbesondere der und des Sättigungstauchens, auch wurden neue Erkenntnisse in der Zoologie gewonnen. Die Stationen verblieben während des Forschungsauftrages in der festgelegten Tiefe, die Versorgung war über Schiffe oder von Land sichergestellt. Entsprechend der Aquanautik, dem Forschungsbereich der Meereskunde, der sich mit der Stationierung von Menschen unter Wasser beschäftigt, nennt man Besatzungsmitglieder einer Unterwasserstation Aquanauten. Underwater habitats are underwater structures in which people can live for extended periods and carry out most of the basic human functions of a 24-hour day, such as working, resting, eating, attending to personal hygiene, and sleeping. In this context, 'habitat' is generally used in a narrow sense to mean the interior and immediate exterior of the structure and its fixtures, but not its surrounding marine environment. Most early underwater habitats lacked regenerative systems for air, water, food, electricity, and other resources. However, some underwater habitats allow for these resources to be delivered using pipes, or generated within the habitat, rather than manually delivered. An underwater habitat has to meet the needs of human physiology and provide suitable environmental conditions, and the one which is most critical is breathing air of suitable quality. Others concern the physical environment (pressure, temperature, light, humidity), the chemical environment (drinking water, food, waste products, toxins) and the biological environment (hazardous sea creatures, microorganisms, marine fungi). Much of the science covering underwater habitats and their technology designed to meet human requirements is shared with diving, diving bells, submersible vehicles and submarines, and spacecraft. Numerous underwater habitats have been designed, built and used around the world since as early as the start of the 1960s, either by private individuals or by government agencies. They have been used almost exclusively for research and exploration, but, in recent years, at least one underwater habitat has been provided for recreation and tourism. Research has been devoted particularly to the physiological processes and limits of breathing gases under pressure, for aquanaut, as well as astronaut training, and for research on marine ecosystems. Habitats subaquáticos são estruturas subaquáticas em que as pessoas podem viver por longos períodos e realizar a maioria das funções humanas básicas de um dia de 24 horas, como trabalhar, descansar, comer, cuidar da higiene pessoal e dormir. Neste contexto, "habitat" é geralmente usado em sentido estrito para significar o interior e o exterior imediato da estrutura e seus acessórios, mas não o seu ambiente marinho circundante. A maioria dos primeiros habitats subaquáticos carecia de sistemas regenerativos para ar, água, alimentos, eletricidade e outros recursos. No entanto, recentemente, alguns novos habitats subaquáticos permitem que estes recursos sejam entregues usando tubos ou gerados dentro do habitat, em vez de serem manualmente entregues. Um habitat subaquático deve satisfazer as necessidades fisiológicas humanas e proporcionar condições ambientais adequadas, e o que é mais crítico é respirar ar de qualidade adequada. Outras questões dizem respeito à preocupação com o (pressão, temperatura, luz, umidade), o ambiente químico (água potável, alimentos, resíduos humanos, toxinas) e o ambiente biológico (criaturas marinhas perigosas, micro-organismos, fungos). Grande parte da ciência que cobre os habitats subaquáticos e sua tecnologia projetada para atender às necessidades humanas é compartilhada com mergulho, sinos de mergulho, veículos submersíveis, submarinos e naves espaciais. Numerosos habitats subaquáticos foram projetados, construídos e utilizados em todo o mundo desde o início dos anos 60, seja pela iniciativa privada ou por agências governamentais. Eles têm sido usados quase que exclusivamente para a pesquisa e exploração, mas nos últimos anos, pelo menos, um habitat subaquático foi fornecido para o lazer e turismo. Pesquisas têm sido dedicadas especialmente aos processos fisiológicos e aos limites da respiração de gases sob pressão, para a formação de aquanautas e astronautas, bem como para a investigação dos ecossistemas marinhos. Ett undervattenshabitat består av en luft- eller gasfylld undervattensbyggnad eller undervattenshus där människor kan leva en eller flera dagar under vattnet. Besökarna i habitatet kan utföra de flesta normala 24-timmarsrutiner i undervattensbyggnaden d.v.s. äta, sova och arbeta. Ett stort antal habitat har byggts sedan början av 1960-talet, huvudsakligen för forskningsändamål. 海中居住施設（かいちゅうきょじゅうしせつ、英語: Sea habitat）は、長期間の海中への滞在を目的とした定置式の施設。 Een onderzeeverblijf is een diepzeeverblijf voor duikers en kikvorsmannen, die langdurig onder water moeten werken en er zich kunnen terugtrekken naar deze onderzeeverblijven, zonder dat ze naar de oppervlakte moeten komen. Een onderzeeverblijf is meestal een knalgeel geverfde ovaalronde onderwaterbehuizing, die rust op verscheidene steunpoten, die op de grillige oneffen zeebodem staan. Deze poten kan men uitzetten naargelang de bodemgesteldheid, zodat het duikersverblijf horizontaal en stabiel blijft staan, ondanks de onderzeese stromingen. Men heeft bewust deze knalgele kleur gekozen omdat de kleuren in de diepzee vervagen naar donkere kleuren. Zodoende ziet de duiker zijn onderzeese woon- en werkterrein van op afstand staan. Onderaan het verblijf is een sasopening waar de duikers in en uit kunnen komen. Deze sasopening-mangat is bovenaan open zodat de duikers in zee kunnen afdalen, zonder dat het water in het onderwaterverblijf kan binnen komen, dankzij de constante luchtdruk in de duikruimtecompartiment. Via een sasdeur komt men in de werk- en woonvertrekken. Als iedereen binnen is, wordt het duikgat met een mangatdeksel afgesloten en beveiligd met vier draaischarnieren en een draaiwiel, dit natuurlijk voor de veiligheid. De onderwaterverblijven variëren van zowel als grootte als aan comfort. Sommige onderwaterverblijven worden constant bewoond door onderzoeksteams, die in comfort in deze stalen woonconstructies werken en leven. Sommige mensen dromen ervan om in de verre toekomst onderzeese steden te bouwen, omdat ooit misschien het woongebied aan de oppervlakte overbevolkt zal raken.
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