Yu Chung-han, a prominent civilian politician of Zhang Xueliang's Northeastern government, who favored the autonomy of Manchuria and aided Japan's establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. Yu Chung-han, was a prominent elder statesman of Zhang Xueliang's Government in Mukden and the leader of the civilian group in Manchuria which favored "hokyo anmin" (secure boundary and peaceful life), meaning according to him, the protection and prosperity of the Northeastern Provinces were to be the supreme concern of the government, including the relationship with China proper. He intended by means of tax reforms, improvement of the wage system of government officials, and abolition of the costly army, to ensure the people in Manchuria the benefits of peace labor, while defense was to be entrust
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| - Yu Chung-han est un bureaucrate chinois du gouvernement de Zhang Xueliang qui soutenait l'autonomie de la Mandchourie et aida l'empire du Japon à établir l'État du Mandchoukouo. Chef d'un groupe civil en Mandchourie qui prône la politique du hokyo anmin (« frontières sécurisées et vie pacifiée »), cela signifie pour lui que la protection et la prospérité des provinces du Nord-Est de la Chine doivent être la préoccupation principale du gouvernement, en particulier pour les relations avec la Chine même. Il a l'intention, par le biais de réformes fiscales, d'améliorer le système de salaires des fonctionnaires, et d'abolir une armée mandchoue hors de prix pour permettre au peuple de Mandchourie de travailler en paix tout en confiant la défense du territoire au Japon. (fr)
- Yu Chung-han, a prominent civilian politician of Zhang Xueliang's Northeastern government, who favored the autonomy of Manchuria and aided Japan's establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. Yu Chung-han, was a prominent elder statesman of Zhang Xueliang's Government in Mukden and the leader of the civilian group in Manchuria which favored "hokyo anmin" (secure boundary and peaceful life), meaning according to him, the protection and prosperity of the Northeastern Provinces were to be the supreme concern of the government, including the relationship with China proper. He intended by means of tax reforms, improvement of the wage system of government officials, and abolition of the costly army, to ensure the people in Manchuria the benefits of peace labor, while defense was to be entrust (en)
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| - Yu Chung-han est un bureaucrate chinois du gouvernement de Zhang Xueliang qui soutenait l'autonomie de la Mandchourie et aida l'empire du Japon à établir l'État du Mandchoukouo. Chef d'un groupe civil en Mandchourie qui prône la politique du hokyo anmin (« frontières sécurisées et vie pacifiée »), cela signifie pour lui que la protection et la prospérité des provinces du Nord-Est de la Chine doivent être la préoccupation principale du gouvernement, en particulier pour les relations avec la Chine même. Il a l'intention, par le biais de réformes fiscales, d'améliorer le système de salaires des fonctionnaires, et d'abolir une armée mandchoue hors de prix pour permettre au peuple de Mandchourie de travailler en paix tout en confiant la défense du territoire au Japon. Après l'incident de Mukden de 1931 et le début de l'invasion japonaise de la Mandchourie, les Japonais le nomment à la tête du conseil de direction du gouvernement autonome le 10 novembre 1931. Avec le gouverneur du Liaoning Zang Shiyi, il fait les plans pour la création d'un nouvel État en février 1932. Après avoir appris la défaite totale de Zhang Xueliang et son retrait désordonné de Jinzhou, le gouvernement pro-Japonais et le gouverneur Zhang Jinghui déclarent le 7 janvier 1932 l'indépendance du Heilungkiang en le plaçant sous la protection du Japon. Le même jour, le conseil de direction du gouvernement autonome de Mukden appelle les habitants du Nord-Est à renverser Zhang Xueliang et à rejoindre le futur État du Mandchoukouo. (fr)
- Yu Chung-han, a prominent civilian politician of Zhang Xueliang's Northeastern government, who favored the autonomy of Manchuria and aided Japan's establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. Yu Chung-han, was a prominent elder statesman of Zhang Xueliang's Government in Mukden and the leader of the civilian group in Manchuria which favored "hokyo anmin" (secure boundary and peaceful life), meaning according to him, the protection and prosperity of the Northeastern Provinces were to be the supreme concern of the government, including the relationship with China proper. He intended by means of tax reforms, improvement of the wage system of government officials, and abolition of the costly army, to ensure the people in Manchuria the benefits of peace labor, while defense was to be entrusted to Japan. Following the Mukden Incident and the Japanese seizure of southern Manchuria, he was installed as chief of the Japanese imposed on November 10, 1931. As the Chief of the Board, and with Governor Tsang Shih-yi, of Liaoning province, made plans for a new State to be established in February 1932. Upon learning of the complete defeat and expulsion of Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang from Chinchow, the pro Japanese Self-Government Association and General Zhang Jinghui as Governor of the Province on 7 January 1932, declared the independence of Heilungkiang Province under the protection of Japan. The same day, the Self-Government Guiding Board in Mukden, issued a Proclamation, appealing to the people of the Northeast to overthrow Marshal Zhang Xueliang and join the Northeastern Self-Government Association, which became the state of Manchukuo in March 1932. External links
* IMTFE Judgement, Invasion & Occupation of Manchuria
* On the Backgrounds of the Pacific War (en)
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