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The Bell Telephone Laboratory's Voder (from Voice Operating Demonstrator) was the first attempt to electronically synthesize human speech by breaking it down into its acoustic components. It was invented by Homer Dudley in 1937–1938 and developed on his earlier work on the vocoder. The quality of the speech was limited; however, it demonstrated the synthesis of the human voice, which became one component of the vocoder used in voice communications for security and to save bandwidth.

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  • Voder (de)
  • Voder (pt)
  • Voder (en)
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  • Mit dem Voder (»Voice Operation Demonstrator«) von war es zum ersten Mal möglich, mit einem elektrischen Gerät Sprache zu synthetisieren. Der Voder musste aber noch manuell bedient werden. Um seine Bedienung zu beherrschen, bedurfte es einer etwa einjährigen Ausbildung. Vorgestellt wurde er erstmals 1939 auf der Weltausstellung in New York. Mittels eines Handgelenkschalters konnte man bestimmen, ob das Ursprungssignal von einem Sägezahngenerator für stimmhafte Laute (die Frequenz konnte durch ein Pedal variiert werden) oder einem Rauschgenerator für stimmlose Laute erzeugt wurde. (de)
  • The Bell Telephone Laboratory's Voder (from Voice Operating Demonstrator) was the first attempt to electronically synthesize human speech by breaking it down into its acoustic components. It was invented by Homer Dudley in 1937–1938 and developed on his earlier work on the vocoder. The quality of the speech was limited; however, it demonstrated the synthesis of the human voice, which became one component of the vocoder used in voice communications for security and to save bandwidth. (en)
  • O Voder, produzido pelo Bell Telephone Laboratory e denominado a partir da expressão Voice Operating Demonstrator, foi a primeira tentativa de sintetizar a fala humana de maneira eletrônica, através da manipulação eletrônica dentro de seus componentes acústicos. Foi inventado por Homer Dudley em 1937-1938 e desenvolvido em seu trabalho anterior sobre o Vocoder. A qualidade da fala foi limitada; no entanto, demonstrou a síntese da voz humana, o que se tornou um componente do vocoder usado em comunicações de voz para a segurança e para poupar largura de banda. (pt)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Homer_Dudley_(October_1940)._%22The_Carrier_Nature_of_Speech%22._Bell_System_Technical_Journal,_XIX(4);495-515._--_Fig.8_Schematic_circuit_of_the_voder.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VODER_demonstrated_on_1939_New_York_World_Fair_-_The_VODER_fascinates_the_crowds_-_Bell_Telephone_Quarterly_(January_1940).jpg
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  • Schematic circuit of the VODER (en)
  • Voder demonstration by Bell Labs at the 1939 New York World's Fair (en)
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  • VODER demonstrated on 1939 New York World Fair - The VODER fascinates the crowds - Bell Telephone Quarterly .jpg (en)
  • Homer Dudley . "The Carrier Nature of Speech". Bell System Technical Journal, XIX;495-515. -- Fig.8 Schematic circuit of the voder.jpg (en)
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  • Mit dem Voder (»Voice Operation Demonstrator«) von war es zum ersten Mal möglich, mit einem elektrischen Gerät Sprache zu synthetisieren. Der Voder musste aber noch manuell bedient werden. Um seine Bedienung zu beherrschen, bedurfte es einer etwa einjährigen Ausbildung. Vorgestellt wurde er erstmals 1939 auf der Weltausstellung in New York. Mittels eines Handgelenkschalters konnte man bestimmen, ob das Ursprungssignal von einem Sägezahngenerator für stimmhafte Laute (die Frequenz konnte durch ein Pedal variiert werden) oder einem Rauschgenerator für stimmlose Laute erzeugt wurde. Dieses Signal wurde nun mit Hilfe mehrerer, durch den Benutzer gesteuerter elektrischer Filter, soweit verändert, dass sich ganze Sätze erkennen ließen. Parallel zum Voder wurde der Vocoder entwickelt, wobei der Vocoder anders als der Voder nicht nur als Demonstrator konzipiert wurde. (de)
  • The Bell Telephone Laboratory's Voder (from Voice Operating Demonstrator) was the first attempt to electronically synthesize human speech by breaking it down into its acoustic components. It was invented by Homer Dudley in 1937–1938 and developed on his earlier work on the vocoder. The quality of the speech was limited; however, it demonstrated the synthesis of the human voice, which became one component of the vocoder used in voice communications for security and to save bandwidth. The Voder synthesized human speech by imitating the effects of the human vocal tract. The operator could select one of two basic sounds by using a wrist bar. A buzz tone generated by a relaxation oscillator produced the voiced vowels and nasal sounds, with the pitch controlled by a foot pedal. A hissing noise produced by a white noise tube created the sibilants (voiceless fricative sounds). These initial sounds were passed through a bank of 10 band-pass filters that were selected by keys; their outputs were combined, amplified and fed to a loudspeaker. The filters were controlled by a set of keys and a foot pedal to convert the hisses and tones into vowels, consonants, and inflections. Additional special keys were provided to make the plosive sounds such as "p" or "d", and the affrictive sounds of the "j" in "jaw" and the "ch" in "cheese". This was a complex machine to operate. After months of practice, a trained operator could produce recognizable speech. Performances on the Voder were featured at the 1939 New York World's Fair and in San Francisco. Twenty operators were trained by Helen Harper, particularly noted for her skill with the machine. The machine said the words "Good afternoon, radio audience." The Voder was developed from research into compression schemes for transmission of voice on copper wires and for voice encryption. In 1948, Werner Meyer-Eppler recognized the capability of the Voder machine to generate electronic music, as described in Dudley's patent. Whereas the vocoder analyzes speech, transforms it into electronically transmitted information, and recreates it, the voder generates synthesized speech by means of a console with fifteen touch-sensitive keys and a pedal. It basically consists of the "second half" of the vocoder, but with manual filter controls, and requires a highly trained operator. (en)
  • O Voder, produzido pelo Bell Telephone Laboratory e denominado a partir da expressão Voice Operating Demonstrator, foi a primeira tentativa de sintetizar a fala humana de maneira eletrônica, através da manipulação eletrônica dentro de seus componentes acústicos. Foi inventado por Homer Dudley em 1937-1938 e desenvolvido em seu trabalho anterior sobre o Vocoder. A qualidade da fala foi limitada; no entanto, demonstrou a síntese da voz humana, o que se tornou um componente do vocoder usado em comunicações de voz para a segurança e para poupar largura de banda. O voder sintetizou a locução humana, imitando os efeitos do trato vocal humano. O operador pode selecionar um dos dois sons básicos usando uma barra de pulso. Um tom de zumbido é gerado por um oscilador de relaxamento produzido as vogais sonoras e sons nasais, com o campo controlado por um pedal. Um som sibilante produzido por um tubo de descarga de gás criou os sibilantes (sons fricativos surdos). Estes sons iniciais foram processados ​​através de um banco de 10 filtros de passa-faixa que foram selecionados por chaves; os seus resultados foram combinados, amplificados e alimentados em um alto-falante. Os filtros foram controlados por um conjunto de chaves e um pedal para converter os assobios e tons em vogais, consoantes e inflexões. Teclas especiais adicionais foram fornecidas para fazer sons oclusivos tais como "p" ou "d", e sons graves do "j" em "janela" e do "ch" em "chave". Esta era uma máquina muito complexa para operar. Depois de meses de prática, um operador treinado poderia produzir a fala reconhecível. Performances no voder foram apresentadas em 1939, na feira New York World e em San Francisco. Vinte operadores foram treinados, destacando-se Helen Harper, que se tornou particularmente conhecida pela sua habilidade com a máquina. O voder foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisas sobre esquemas de compressão para transmissão de voz sobre fios de cobre e de criptografia de voz. Em 1948, Werner Meyer-Eppler reconheceu a capacidade da máquina voder para gerar música eletrônica, como descrito na patente de Dudley. Considerando que o vocoder analisa o som da fala, transforma-a em informações transmitidas por via eletrônica e a recria, o voder gera uma fala sintetizada por meio de um console com quinze teclas sensíveis ao toque e um pedal. Ele consiste basicamente na "segunda metade" do codificador de fala, mas com controles manuais de filtro, e requer um operador altamente treinado. (pt)
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