Spence M. "Sam" Armstrong (born 1934) is a retired United States Air Force general officer, combat veteran, and test pilot. In his thirty-four years of military service, he served in command assignments at five different levels in the Air Force and retired as vice commander of Air Force Systems Command. Armstrong spent eleven more years as a senior executive at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) leading the agency's human resources efforts and programs with academia.