Proof by intimidation (or argumentum verbosum) is a jocular phrase used mainly in mathematics to refer to a specific form of hand-waving, whereby one attempts to advance an argument by marking it as obvious or trivial, or by giving an argument loaded with jargon and obscure results. It attempts to intimidate the audience into simply accepting the result without evidence, by appealing to their ignorance and lack of understanding.
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| - Preuve par intimidation (fr)
- Proof by intimidation (en)
- 訴諸冗贅 (zh)
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| - 訴諸冗贅（英語：proof by verbosity；拉丁語：argumentum verbosium），是一種非形式謬誤，係藉由使用冗長複雜、看似高深莫測的數學公式或專業術語證成主張，令讀者無從反駁，要么承認自己看不懂，要么被迫接受其主張。 例1
* 甲：光速是每秒30萬公里。
* 乙：你錯了，根據（一大堆不相干的理論和數學公式），所以光速不是每秒30萬公里。聽不懂吧？所以我是對的。
* 甲：..... (zh)
- La preuve par intimidation (ou argumentum verbosum) est une expression humoristique utilisée principalement en mathématiques pour désigner une forme particulière de démonstration, par laquelle on marque l'argument principal comme évident ou trivial ; elle tente de faire peur au public en l'incitant à accepter le résultat sans preuve, en faisant appel à leur méconnaissance et incompréhension. L'expression est souvent utilisée lorsque l'auteur est une autorité dans son domaine, présentant sa preuve à des personnes qui respectent a priori l'insistance de l'auteur sur la validité de la preuve. (fr)
- Proof by intimidation (or argumentum verbosum) is a jocular phrase used mainly in mathematics to refer to a specific form of hand-waving, whereby one attempts to advance an argument by marking it as obvious or trivial, or by giving an argument loaded with jargon and obscure results. It attempts to intimidate the audience into simply accepting the result without evidence, by appealing to their ignorance and lack of understanding. (en)
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| - La preuve par intimidation (ou argumentum verbosum) est une expression humoristique utilisée principalement en mathématiques pour désigner une forme particulière de démonstration, par laquelle on marque l'argument principal comme évident ou trivial ; elle tente de faire peur au public en l'incitant à accepter le résultat sans preuve, en faisant appel à leur méconnaissance et incompréhension. L'expression est souvent utilisée lorsque l'auteur est une autorité dans son domaine, présentant sa preuve à des personnes qui respectent a priori l'insistance de l'auteur sur la validité de la preuve. Une preuve par intimidation est souvent associée à des expressions telles que :
* « Clairement, … »,
* « On peut facilement montrer que… »,
* « … ne nécessite pas de démonstration ». (fr)
- Proof by intimidation (or argumentum verbosum) is a jocular phrase used mainly in mathematics to refer to a specific form of hand-waving, whereby one attempts to advance an argument by marking it as obvious or trivial, or by giving an argument loaded with jargon and obscure results. It attempts to intimidate the audience into simply accepting the result without evidence, by appealing to their ignorance and lack of understanding. The phrase is often used when the author is an authority in their field, presenting their proof to people who respect a priori the author's insistence of the validity of the proof, while in other cases, the author might simply claim that their statement is true because it is trivial or because they say so. Usage of this phrase is for the most part in good humour, though it can also appear in serious criticism. A proof by intimidation is often associated with phrases such as:
* "Clearly..."
* "It is self-evident that..."
* "It can be easily shown that..."
* "... does not warrant a proof."
* "The proof is left as an exercise for the reader." Outside mathematics, "proof by intimidation" is also cited by critics of junk science, to describe cases in which scientific evidence is thrown aside in favour of dubious arguments—such as those presented to the public by articulate advocates who pose as experts in their field. In a memoir, Gian-Carlo Rota claimed that the expression "proof by intimidation" was coined by Mark Kac, to describe a technique used by William Feller in his lectures: He took umbrage when someone interrupted his lecturing by pointing out some glaring mistake. He became red in the face and raised his voice, often to full shouting range. It was reported that on occasion he had asked the objector to leave the classroom. The expression "proof by intimidation" was coined after Feller's lectures (by Mark Kac). During a Feller lecture, the hearer was made to feel privy to some wondrous secret, one that often vanished by magic as he walked out of the classroom at the end of the period. Like many great teachers, Feller was a bit of a con man. — Rota, Gian-Carlo, 1932–1999. (1997). Indiscrete thoughts. Palombi, Fabrizio, 1965–. Boston: Birkhäuser. ISBN 0-8176-3866-0. OCLC 34029702.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (en)
- 訴諸冗贅（英語：proof by verbosity；拉丁語：argumentum verbosium），是一種非形式謬誤，係藉由使用冗長複雜、看似高深莫測的數學公式或專業術語證成主張，令讀者無從反駁，要么承認自己看不懂，要么被迫接受其主張。 例1
* 甲：光速是每秒30萬公里。
* 乙：你錯了，根據（一大堆不相干的理論和數學公式），所以光速不是每秒30萬公里。聽不懂吧？所以我是對的。
* 甲：..... (zh)
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