Nikolay Nikolayevich Oleshev (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Олешев; 21 September 1902 – 2 November 1970) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Oleshev volunteered for the Red Army in 1918 and served in the Russian Civil War as a clerk at a field hospital. In late 1921 he became a Cheka officer. During the interwar period Oleshev was an officer in the Soviet Border Troops.