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Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm) or structures having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material. The idea behind Nanocomposite is to use building blocks with dimensions in nanometre range to design and create new materials with unprecedented flexibility and improvement in their physical properties.

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  • Nanocompuesto (es)
  • Nanocomposito (it)
  • Nanocomposite (fr)
  • Nanocomposite (en)
  • ナノコンポジット (ja)
  • Нанокомпозит (ru)
  • 纳米复合物 (zh)
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  • Un nanocomposite est un matériau solide multiphasé dont une des phases a au moins une dimension inférieure à 100 nanomètres. Un nanocomposite est généralement la combinaison d’une matrice massive avec une phase de renfort nanométrique de propriétés différentes résultantes des différences structurales et chimiques. (fr)
  • ナノコンポジット (英: nanocomposites) とは、ある素材を1–100nmの大きさに粒子化したものを、別の素材に練りこんで拡散させた複合材料の総称である。ナノコンポジットの形成により、引張強さ、弾性率、熱変形温度等の様々な物性が飛躍的に向上する。 (ja)
  • Нанокомпозит (полимерный нанокомпозит) — многокомпонентный материал, состоящий из пластичной полимерной основы (матрицы) и наполнителя — органомодифицированной наноглины, обладающий новыми улучшенными свойствами. (ru)
  • 纳米复合物是一种多相固态材料,其中一个相态至少有一边的尺寸小于100纳米. 纳米复合物通常是由因结构和化学性质不同而具有不同性质的一个基质与一个纳米级增强相组合而成。 纳米复合物的力学性质与传统的复合材料不同,因为纳米复合物的增强相具有很高的面积/体积比与长宽比。增强相一般是以颗粒状(矿物),层状(粘土)或者纤维状(碳纳米管)形态存在的。基质与增强相的界面面积非常大,通常比传统复合材料大一个数量级。大的界面面积意味着很少量的增强相可以对复合物整体的宏观性质产生影响。例如,复合材料中加入的碳纳米管可以增强电导率和热导率。加入其他纳米颗粒则可能改善材料的光学性质,介电性质,耐火性或者力学性质。 通常来说,纳米级增强相是在复合物的混合制造过程中被加入并扩散到基质中的。加入的纳米颗粒的质量比一般很低(介于0.5到5%),因为他们的很小。这种情况经常发生在长宽比很大的非球状纳米颗粒上(例如层状的粘土,或者纤维状的碳纳米管)。 纳米复合物可以根据基质的成分分为几种类型。 * 高分子基质的纳米复合物 * 陶瓷基质的纳米复合物 * 金属基质的纳米复合物 (zh)
  • Un nanomaterial compuesto o nanocompuesto (en inglés, nanocomposite) es un material compuesto o multifásico donde una de las fases tiene una, dos o tres dimensiones de menos de 100 nanómetros (nm).​ En el más amplio sentido de esta definición, se pueden incluir medios porosos, coloides, geles y copolímeros; pero es más común la combinación de un sólido a granel que actúa como matriz y una fase (o más) nano-dimensional (un nanocompuesto) dispersada en la matriz. Las propiedades mecánicas, eléctricas, térmicas, ópticas, electroquímicas, catalíticas... del nanomaterial compuesto se diferencian notablemente de la de los materiales componentes por separado.​ (es)
  • Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm) or structures having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material. The idea behind Nanocomposite is to use building blocks with dimensions in nanometre range to design and create new materials with unprecedented flexibility and improvement in their physical properties. (en)
  • Un nanocomposito è un materiale solido multifase dove una delle fasi ha una, due o tre dimensioni minori di 100 nanometri (nm), o strutture aventi distanze che ripetono la nano-scala nelle diverse fasi che costituiscono il materiale. Nel senso più ampio questa definizione può includere mezzi porosi, colloidi, gel, copolimeri e miscele polimerici (miscele tra polimeri differenti), ma di solito si intende la combinazione solida di una matrice grossolana (parte di composito continua che dà forma al materiale) e la fase (o fasi) nano-dimensionale (-i) che differiscono per le proprietà a causa delle differenze nella struttura e nella chimica. Le proprietà catalitiche, meccaniche, elettriche, termiche, ottiche, elettrochimiche, dei nanocompositi si distinguono nettamente da quelle dei materiali (it)
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  • Un nanomaterial compuesto o nanocompuesto (en inglés, nanocomposite) es un material compuesto o multifásico donde una de las fases tiene una, dos o tres dimensiones de menos de 100 nanómetros (nm).​ En el más amplio sentido de esta definición, se pueden incluir medios porosos, coloides, geles y copolímeros; pero es más común la combinación de un sólido a granel que actúa como matriz y una fase (o más) nano-dimensional (un nanocompuesto) dispersada en la matriz. Las propiedades mecánicas, eléctricas, térmicas, ópticas, electroquímicas, catalíticas... del nanomaterial compuesto se diferencian notablemente de la de los materiales componentes por separado.​ Los nanomateriales compuestos difieren de los materiales compuestos convencionales debido a la excepcionalmente alta relación entre la superficie y el volumen de la fase dispersada en la matriz. El área de la interfase entre la fase de la matriz y el refuerzo es típicamente un orden de magnitud mayor que para los materiales compuestos convencionales. Esto hace que una cantidad relativamente pequeña de refuerzo a escala nanométrica pueda tener un efecto observable a escala macroscópica en las propiedades del compuesto. Se suelen clasificar los nanomateriales compuestos en función del tipo de matriz que se emplea: nanocomposites de matriz cerámica, nanocomposites de matriz metálica y nanocomposites de matriz polimérica. (es)
  • Un nanocomposite est un matériau solide multiphasé dont une des phases a au moins une dimension inférieure à 100 nanomètres. Un nanocomposite est généralement la combinaison d’une matrice massive avec une phase de renfort nanométrique de propriétés différentes résultantes des différences structurales et chimiques. (fr)
  • Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm) or structures having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material. The idea behind Nanocomposite is to use building blocks with dimensions in nanometre range to design and create new materials with unprecedented flexibility and improvement in their physical properties. In the broadest sense this definition can include porous media, colloids, gels and copolymers, but is more usually taken to mean the solid combination of a bulk matrix and nano-dimensional phase(s) differing in properties due to dissimilarities in structure and chemistry. The mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, electrochemical, catalytic properties of the nanocomposite will differ markedly from that of the component materials. Size limits for these effects have been proposed: 1. * <5 nm for catalytic activity 2. * <20 nm for making a hard magnetic material soft 3. * <50 nm for refractive index changes 4. * <100 nm for achieving superparamagnetism, mechanical strengthening or restricting matrix dislocation movement Nanocomposites are found in nature, for example in the structure of the abalone shell and bone. The use of nanoparticle-rich materials long predates the understanding of the physical and chemical nature of these materials. Jose-Yacaman et al. investigated the origin of the depth of colour and the resistance to acids and bio-corrosion of Maya blue paint, attributing it to a nanoparticle mechanism. From the mid-1950s nanoscale organo-clays have been used to control flow of polymer solutions (e.g. as paint viscosifiers) or the constitution of gels (e.g. as a thickening substance in cosmetics, keeping the preparations in homogeneous form). By the 1970s polymer/clay composites were the topic of textbooks, although the term "nanocomposites" was not in common use. In mechanical terms, nanocomposites differ from conventional composite materials due to the exceptionally high surface to volume ratio of the reinforcing phase and/or its exceptionally high aspect ratio. The reinforcing material can be made up of particles (e.g. minerals), sheets (e.g. exfoliated clay stacks) or fibres (e.g. carbon nanotubes or electrospun fibres). The area of the interface between the matrix and reinforcement phase(s) is typically an order of magnitude greater than for conventional composite materials. The matrix material properties are significantly affected in the vicinity of the reinforcement. Ajayan et al. note that with polymer nanocomposites, properties related to local chemistry, degree of thermoset cure, polymer chain mobility, polymer chain conformation, degree of polymer chain ordering or crystallinity can all vary significantly and continuously from the interface with the reinforcement into the bulk of the matrix. This large amount of reinforcement surface area means that a relatively small amount of nanoscale reinforcement can have an observable effect on the macroscale properties of the composite. For example, adding carbon nanotubes improves the electrical and thermal conductivity. Other kinds of nanoparticulates may result in enhanced optical properties, dielectric properties, heat resistance or mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength and resistance to wear and damage. In general, the nano reinforcement is dispersed into the matrix during processing. The percentage by weight (called mass fraction) of the nanoparticulates introduced can remain very low (on the order of 0.5% to 5%) due to the low filler percolation threshold, especially for the most commonly used non-spherical, high aspect ratio fillers (e.g. nanometer-thin platelets, such as clays, or nanometer-diameter cylinders, such as carbon nanotubes). The orientation and arrangement of asymmetric nanoparticles, thermal property mismatch at the interface, interface density per unit volume of nanocomposite, and polydispersity of nanoparticles significantly affect the effective thermal conductivity of nanocomposites. (en)
  • ナノコンポジット (英: nanocomposites) とは、ある素材を1–100nmの大きさに粒子化したものを、別の素材に練りこんで拡散させた複合材料の総称である。ナノコンポジットの形成により、引張強さ、弾性率、熱変形温度等の様々な物性が飛躍的に向上する。 (ja)
  • Un nanocomposito è un materiale solido multifase dove una delle fasi ha una, due o tre dimensioni minori di 100 nanometri (nm), o strutture aventi distanze che ripetono la nano-scala nelle diverse fasi che costituiscono il materiale. Nel senso più ampio questa definizione può includere mezzi porosi, colloidi, gel, copolimeri e miscele polimerici (miscele tra polimeri differenti), ma di solito si intende la combinazione solida di una matrice grossolana (parte di composito continua che dà forma al materiale) e la fase (o fasi) nano-dimensionale (-i) che differiscono per le proprietà a causa delle differenze nella struttura e nella chimica. Le proprietà catalitiche, meccaniche, elettriche, termiche, ottiche, elettrochimiche, dei nanocompositi si distinguono nettamente da quelle dei materiali componenti. Individuando nell'aumentata area superficiale e negli effetti quantistici due dei principali fattori che causano la differenza di proprietà tra i nano materiali dagli altri materiali convenzionali, si vede come i nanocompositi possano sia mostrare proprietà dominate dalle interazioni interfacciali tra la fase rinforzante e la matrice, che esibire i quanto effetti dovute alle strutture nano dimensionali disperse all'interno. Questi effetti ottenuti nel materiale della matrice, vengono indicati solitamente con il termine di “nano effetto”, che indica cambiamenti nelle proprietà locali della matrice causati dall'estremamente alta area superficiale della carica e delle piccole distanze tra le nano particelle. L'ingegnerizzazione di proprietà permessa dall'accoppiamento della matrice con il nanorinforzo è il fattore chiave che rende questi materiali così importanti e interessanti; la possibilità di combinare le caratteristiche migliori dei singoli materiali tradizionali in uno solo e la capacità di donare nuovi comportamenti a materiali convenzionali è un'idea “futuristica” che attrae fortemente l'industria ed è trainante per sicure ricerche e sviluppi futuri. Infatti i nanocompositi presentando proprietà uniche, non riconoscibili ad esempio nei materiali compositi convenzionali, sono un importante oggetto di ricerca negli ultimi vent'anni. (it)
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