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Mutualism, also known as the movement of mutuals and the mutualist movement, is a social movement that aims at creating and promoting mutual organizations, mutual insurances and mutual funds. According to the prominent mutualist Gene Costa, the movement encourages and assists the provision of mutual benefits against risks to those accessing its funds and or the elevation of their material and spiritual living standards by regular payment or contribution. Institutionalized through mutual funds, mutualism has been universally recognized as a generator or embryo of classical forecast and modern social security systems and currently coexists with them. Although the fall in the popularity of mutual funds in many social environments coincided with the start of public social security system in th

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  • Mutualism (movement) (en)
  • Mutualismo (movimiento) (es)
  • Mutualisme (économie) (fr)
  • Mutualismo (movimento) (pt)
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  • Mutualismo é um sistema privado de proteção social que visa criar e promover organizações de política mutualista, sociedades de seguros mutualistas e mutualistas. O Mutualismo foi precursor do moderno sistema de seguros, cujos princípios assentam na reciprocidade dos serviços e na entreajuda. Consubstancia-se na existência de um fundo comum para o qual todos convergem mediante contribuições ou quotas, de modo a permitir, de forma previdente, acautelar o futuro próprio ou dos seus familiares por meio de ou de assistência. (pt)
  • El mutualismo, movimiento mutualista o movimiento de mutualidades es aquel movimiento social que está encaminado a la creación y fomento de las mutualidades.​​ El movimiento anima y asesora a quienes accedan a brindarse prestaciones mutuas frente a riesgos eventuales o para elevar su bienestar material y espiritual, mediante un pago o contribución periódica. El mutualismo, institucionalizado a través de las mutualidades, ha sido reconocido universalmente como generador o embrión de la previsión clásica y de los modernos sistemas de seguridad social, y en la actualidad coexiste con estos.​​​​ Aunque la caída en la popularidad del mutualismo en muchos ambientes sociales coincidió con el inicio del sistema de seguridad social pública, en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. (es)
  • Mutualism, also known as the movement of mutuals and the mutualist movement, is a social movement that aims at creating and promoting mutual organizations, mutual insurances and mutual funds. According to the prominent mutualist Gene Costa, the movement encourages and assists the provision of mutual benefits against risks to those accessing its funds and or the elevation of their material and spiritual living standards by regular payment or contribution. Institutionalized through mutual funds, mutualism has been universally recognized as a generator or embryo of classical forecast and modern social security systems and currently coexists with them. Although the fall in the popularity of mutual funds in many social environments coincided with the start of public social security system in th (en)
  • Le mutualisme désigne un modèle socioéconomique fondé sur la mutualité, action de prévoyance collective par laquelle des personnes se regroupent pour s'assurer mutuellement contre des risques sociaux (maladie, accident du travail, chômage, décès...). Plusieurs familles de pensée ou tendances politiques ont conceptualisé des pensées et développé des actions autour de la mutualité. Le Mutuellisme inspiré de Proudhon, et le solidarisme promu par Léon Bourgeois en sont deux exemples. Si l'on retrouve quelques traces d'actions de secours mutuels dans l'antiquité, l'histoire du Mutualisme en France remonte plus surement au Moyen-âge avec les Guildes, les Confréries, les jurandes, les Corporations et le Compagnonnage. Avec l'avènement du siècle des lumières, ces groupements, mouvements, inspirés (fr)
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  • El mutualismo, movimiento mutualista o movimiento de mutualidades es aquel movimiento social que está encaminado a la creación y fomento de las mutualidades.​​ El movimiento anima y asesora a quienes accedan a brindarse prestaciones mutuas frente a riesgos eventuales o para elevar su bienestar material y espiritual, mediante un pago o contribución periódica. El mutualismo, institucionalizado a través de las mutualidades, ha sido reconocido universalmente como generador o embrión de la previsión clásica y de los modernos sistemas de seguridad social, y en la actualidad coexiste con estos.​​​​ Aunque la caída en la popularidad del mutualismo en muchos ambientes sociales coincidió con el inicio del sistema de seguridad social pública, en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Originado como una adaptación del sistema gremial (ver: guildas, montepíos) en el siglo XVIII y difundido ampliamente durante el siglo XIX,​​ en la actualidad existen alrededor del mundo múltiples asociaciones mutualistas integradas a la sociedad moderna.​​ En el presente el mutualismo está ligado a empresas financieras,​ a aseguradoras,​ cooperativas, entidades de fomento de la economía solidaria,​ gremios y movimientos religiosos. El movimiento mutualista tiene como seña característica la neutralidad institucional: política, religiosa, racial y gremial. El movimiento de mutuales y el movimiento de cooperativas tienen varios puntos en común, alrededor de la idea de ayuda mutua profesional.​​ (es)
  • Le mutualisme désigne un modèle socioéconomique fondé sur la mutualité, action de prévoyance collective par laquelle des personnes se regroupent pour s'assurer mutuellement contre des risques sociaux (maladie, accident du travail, chômage, décès...). Plusieurs familles de pensée ou tendances politiques ont conceptualisé des pensées et développé des actions autour de la mutualité. Le Mutuellisme inspiré de Proudhon, et le solidarisme promu par Léon Bourgeois en sont deux exemples. Si l'on retrouve quelques traces d'actions de secours mutuels dans l'antiquité, l'histoire du Mutualisme en France remonte plus surement au Moyen-âge avec les Guildes, les Confréries, les jurandes, les Corporations et le Compagnonnage. Avec l'avènement du siècle des lumières, ces groupements, mouvements, inspirés du principe de solidarité se détachent de la charité pour donner forme aux sociétés de secours mutuel qui se développent concomitamment à la Révolution industrielle. Libérées de leur sujétion au pouvoir politique, se développant d'abord en marge voire en opposition aux syndicats ainsi qu'aux assurances, les mutuelles proprement dites s'organisent dans un cadre juridique plusieurs fois remanié concrétisé en France par le Code de la mutualité. Actuellement[Quand ?] en France, le mutualisme s'inscrit dans le large mouvement d'économie sociale et solidaire qui promeut ces mutuelles à but non lucratif, tandis qu'une confusion s'observe entre celles-ci et typiquement les sociétés d'assurance mutuelle, à but lucratif. (fr)
  • Mutualism, also known as the movement of mutuals and the mutualist movement, is a social movement that aims at creating and promoting mutual organizations, mutual insurances and mutual funds. According to the prominent mutualist Gene Costa, the movement encourages and assists the provision of mutual benefits against risks to those accessing its funds and or the elevation of their material and spiritual living standards by regular payment or contribution. Institutionalized through mutual funds, mutualism has been universally recognized as a generator or embryo of classical forecast and modern social security systems and currently coexists with them. Although the fall in the popularity of mutual funds in many social environments coincided with the start of public social security system in the early decades of the 20th century, in Europe and other parts of the world mutualism continues to be an important player in the social economy. Mutuals providing healthcare coverage are united in an international association of benefit societies. Originating from an adaptation of guild system at the 18th century (see guild and mount of piety) and widespread at the 19th century, today there are many mutualist associations worldwide integrated into modern society. Nowadays, mutualism is linked to financial firms, insurers, unions, entities to promote solidarity economics, trade associations and religious movements. The characteristic sign of mutual movement is its institutional neutrality about political, religious, racial and union affiliations of its members. Mutuals movement and cooperatives movement have many points in common, around the idea of professional mutual aid. Building on the mutualist movement of the 18th century, Sara Horowitz, founder and executive director of Freelancers Union, has identified a series of related phenomena that she calls "new mutualism". For example, Horowitz and Costa both point to the 40 million Americans currently freelancing as a means of promoting entrepreneurship to more of the middle class. (en)
  • Mutualismo é um sistema privado de proteção social que visa criar e promover organizações de política mutualista, sociedades de seguros mutualistas e mutualistas. O Mutualismo foi precursor do moderno sistema de seguros, cujos princípios assentam na reciprocidade dos serviços e na entreajuda. Consubstancia-se na existência de um fundo comum para o qual todos convergem mediante contribuições ou quotas, de modo a permitir, de forma previdente, acautelar o futuro próprio ou dos seus familiares por meio de ou de assistência. (pt)
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