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Muqaddam (Arabic: مقدم) is an Arabic title, adopted in other Islamic or Islamicate cultures, for various civil or religious officials. As per the Persian records of medieval India, muqaddams, along with khots and chowdhurys, acted as hereditary rural intermediaries between the state and the peasantry. Originating during the Delhi Sultanate, the earliest known reference to the muqaddami system dates from the first decades of the 13th century, when Hasan Nizami wrote of a delegation of muqaddams offering gifts to Sultan Qutb ud-Din Aibak. Muqaddams were tasked with revenue collection in the areas under their jurisdiction, for which they received either 2.5% as remuneration or rent-free land equalling that amount. The socio-economic status of muqaddams varied over time; during the revenue ref

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  • مقدم (صوفية) (ar)
  • Muqāddām (it)
  • Muqaddam (en)
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  • مُقَدَّمٌ وجمعها الْمَقَادِيمُ هو سالك صوفي ما بين درجة المريد ومرتبة الشيخ في الطرق الصوفية والزوايا، والمُقَدَّمُ رتبة من رتب الصّوفيَّة. (ar)
  • Muqāddām (arabo: مقدم) è un titolo nella cultura araba, adottato anche in altri paesi islamici per ufficiali civili e religiosi. Letteralmente significa assistente. È anche un grado militare delle forze armate di diversi paesi arabi, omologo del tenente colonnello dei paesi della NATO. (it)
  • Muqaddam (Arabic: مقدم) is an Arabic title, adopted in other Islamic or Islamicate cultures, for various civil or religious officials. As per the Persian records of medieval India, muqaddams, along with khots and chowdhurys, acted as hereditary rural intermediaries between the state and the peasantry. Originating during the Delhi Sultanate, the earliest known reference to the muqaddami system dates from the first decades of the 13th century, when Hasan Nizami wrote of a delegation of muqaddams offering gifts to Sultan Qutb ud-Din Aibak. Muqaddams were tasked with revenue collection in the areas under their jurisdiction, for which they received either 2.5% as remuneration or rent-free land equalling that amount. The socio-economic status of muqaddams varied over time; during the revenue ref (en)
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  • مُقَدَّمٌ وجمعها الْمَقَادِيمُ هو سالك صوفي ما بين درجة المريد ومرتبة الشيخ في الطرق الصوفية والزوايا، والمُقَدَّمُ رتبة من رتب الصّوفيَّة. (ar)
  • Muqaddam (Arabic: مقدم) is an Arabic title, adopted in other Islamic or Islamicate cultures, for various civil or religious officials. As per the Persian records of medieval India, muqaddams, along with khots and chowdhurys, acted as hereditary rural intermediaries between the state and the peasantry. Originating during the Delhi Sultanate, the earliest known reference to the muqaddami system dates from the first decades of the 13th century, when Hasan Nizami wrote of a delegation of muqaddams offering gifts to Sultan Qutb ud-Din Aibak. Muqaddams were tasked with revenue collection in the areas under their jurisdiction, for which they received either 2.5% as remuneration or rent-free land equalling that amount. The socio-economic status of muqaddams varied over time; during the revenue reforms of Alauddin Khalji, many were impoverished due to the abolition of their traditional privileges. However, in other periods the muqaddams "were prosperous enough to ride on costly Arabi and Iraqi horses, wear fine clothes, and behave like members of the upper classes". Over time, muqaddams and chowdhurys took on the characteristics of landed gentry in their respective localities, with some even attaining the status of Zamindars during the Mughal period. Muqaddams could be dispossessed of their status by the state. In the Tijaniyyah, Shadhiliyyah, Rahmaniyyah, and other Sufi orders, a muqaddam is a student of the Sufi path (a murid or dervish) who has been authorized by his/her Guide (aka shaikh, pir, or murshid) to assist in teaching the path to other students. In the militaries of several Arab nations, muqaddam is equivalent to the Anglophone ranks of lieutenant colonel, commander and wing commander, depending on the service branch. In Lebanon, the muqaddams emerged as the political leaders of the Christian Maronites following the religious persecutions of 1365 CE, beginning with Ya'qub bin Ayyub. The last Maronite muqaddams disappeared in the beginning of the 17th Century. (en)
  • Muqāddām (arabo: مقدم) è un titolo nella cultura araba, adottato anche in altri paesi islamici per ufficiali civili e religiosi. Letteralmente significa assistente. È anche un grado militare delle forze armate di diversi paesi arabi, omologo del tenente colonnello dei paesi della NATO. (it)
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