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The Licence Raj or Permit Raj (rāj, meaning "rule" in Hindi) was the system of licences, regulations, and accompanying red tape, that hindered the set up and running of businesses in India between 1947 and 1990. Up to 80 government agencies had to be satisfied before private companies could produce something and, if granted, the government would regulate production. The term is a play on the "British Raj", which refers to the period of British rule in India. It was coined by Indian independence activist and statesman Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, who firmly opposed it for its potential for political corruption and economic stagnation, founding the Swatantra Party to oppose these practices.

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  • Licence Raj (de)
  • Raj de licencia (es)
  • Licence Raj (in)
  • Licence Raj (en)
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  • Licence Raj oder Permit Raj (rāj, übersetzt "Herrschaft" in Hindi), zu Deutsch „Lizenzherrschaft“, ist eine Bezeichnung für das komplizierte Geflecht von staatlichen Erlaubnissen, Regularien und Bürokratie, dem die Wirtschaft Indiens insbesondere in den Jahren von 1947 bis 1990 unterworfen war. (de)
  • El Raj de licencia (pronunciado /rach/ en español; en hindi, राज, rāj, «regla»)​ era el sistema de licencias, reglamentos y trámites burocráticos que lo acompañaban, que obstaculizó el establecimiento y el funcionamiento de empresas en la India entre 1947 y 1990.​​​ Hasta 80 agencias gubernamentales tenían que estar satisfechas antes de que las empresas privadas pudieran producir algo y, si se concedía, el gobierno regularía la producción.​ El término hace referencia en forma burlona al "Raj británico", que se refiere al período de dominio británico en la India. Fue acuñado por el activista indio independentista y estadista Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, quien se opuso firmemente por su potencial de corrupción política y estancamiento económico, fundando el para oponerse a estas prácticas.​ (es)
  • The Licence Raj or Permit Raj (rāj, meaning "rule" in Hindi) was the system of licences, regulations, and accompanying red tape, that hindered the set up and running of businesses in India between 1947 and 1990. Up to 80 government agencies had to be satisfied before private companies could produce something and, if granted, the government would regulate production. The term is a play on the "British Raj", which refers to the period of British rule in India. It was coined by Indian independence activist and statesman Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, who firmly opposed it for its potential for political corruption and economic stagnation, founding the Swatantra Party to oppose these practices. (en)
  • Licence Raj atau Permit Raj (rāj berarti "kekuasaan" dalam bahasa Hindi) adalah sistem lisensi, regulasi dan "pita merah" yang diperlukan untuk mendirikan usaha di India dari tahun 1947 hingga 1990. Sistem ini muncul karena India memutuskan untuk memiliki ekonomi terencana, atau dalam kata lain semua aspek ekonomi akan dikendalikan oleh negara dan lisensi hanya akan diberikan kepada beberapa orang saja. 80 badan pemerintah harus dipuaskan sebelum perusahaan swasta dapat melakukan sesuatu, dan jika izin diberikan produksi masih akan diregulasi oleh pemerintah. Perancang sistem Licence Raj adalah Jawaharlal Nehru, Perdana Menteri India pertama. (in)
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