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In mathematics, a Klein surface is a dianalytic manifold of complex dimension 1. Klein surfaces may have a boundary and need not be orientable. Klein surfaces generalize Riemann surfaces. While the latter are used to study algebraic curves over the complex numbers analytically, the former are used to study algebraic curves over the real numbers analytically. Klein surfaces were introduced by Felix Klein in 1882.

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  • Klein surface (en)
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  • In mathematics, a Klein surface is a dianalytic manifold of complex dimension 1. Klein surfaces may have a boundary and need not be orientable. Klein surfaces generalize Riemann surfaces. While the latter are used to study algebraic curves over the complex numbers analytically, the former are used to study algebraic curves over the real numbers analytically. Klein surfaces were introduced by Felix Klein in 1882. (en)
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  • In mathematics, a Klein surface is a dianalytic manifold of complex dimension 1. Klein surfaces may have a boundary and need not be orientable. Klein surfaces generalize Riemann surfaces. While the latter are used to study algebraic curves over the complex numbers analytically, the former are used to study algebraic curves over the real numbers analytically. Klein surfaces were introduced by Felix Klein in 1882. A Klein surface is a surface (i.e., a differentiable manifold of real dimension 2) on which the notion of angle between two tangent vectors at a given point is well-defined, and so is the angle between two intersecting curves on the surface. These angles are in the range [0,π]; since the surface carries no notion of orientation, it is not possible to distinguish between the angles α and −α. (By contrast, on Riemann surfaces are oriented and angles in the range of (-π,π] can be meaningfully defined.) The length of curves, the area of submanifolds and the notion of geodesic are not defined on Klein surfaces. Two Klein surfaces X and Y are considered equivalent if there are conformal (i.e. angle-preserving but not necessarily orientation-preserving) differentiable maps f:X→Y and g:Y→X that map boundary to boundary and satisfy fg = idY and gf = idX. (en)
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