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John Phokas (Greek: Ἰωάννης Φωκᾶς, Iōánnēs Phōkâs) or Phocas (Latin: Johannes Phocas) was a 12th-century Byzantine pilgrim to the Holy Land. He wrote an account of his travels, the so-called Ekphrasis or Concise Description of the Holy Places, which has been called "the most elegant of Palestinian pilgrimage accounts". Doubt has recently arisen over whether Phokas was in fact the author of the Ekphrasis, which has been re-attributed instead to the John Doukas who went on an imperial mission to the Holy Land in 1177.

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  • Juan Focas (es)
  • John Phokas (en)
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  • Juan Focas fue un peregrino bizantino del siglo XII a Tierra Santa. Escribió un relato de sus viajes, la llamada Écfrasis (o Descripción Concisa) de los Lugares Santos,​ "el más elegante de los relatos de peregrinación palestinos".​ Recientemente ha surgido la duda de si Focas fue de hecho el autor de la Ekphrasis, que ha sido reatribuida en su lugar a .​ (es)
  • John Phokas (Greek: Ἰωάννης Φωκᾶς, Iōánnēs Phōkâs) or Phocas (Latin: Johannes Phocas) was a 12th-century Byzantine pilgrim to the Holy Land. He wrote an account of his travels, the so-called Ekphrasis or Concise Description of the Holy Places, which has been called "the most elegant of Palestinian pilgrimage accounts". Doubt has recently arisen over whether Phokas was in fact the author of the Ekphrasis, which has been re-attributed instead to the John Doukas who went on an imperial mission to the Holy Land in 1177. (en)
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  • John Phokas (Greek: Ἰωάννης Φωκᾶς, Iōánnēs Phōkâs) or Phocas (Latin: Johannes Phocas) was a 12th-century Byzantine pilgrim to the Holy Land. He wrote an account of his travels, the so-called Ekphrasis or Concise Description of the Holy Places, which has been called "the most elegant of Palestinian pilgrimage accounts". Doubt has recently arisen over whether Phokas was in fact the author of the Ekphrasis, which has been re-attributed instead to the John Doukas who went on an imperial mission to the Holy Land in 1177. Little biographical information about Phokas is available. One manuscript of the Ekphrasis contains a note stating that he was a priest and that his father, a certain Matthew, became a monk on Patmos. According to this marginal note, his trip to the Holy Land took place in either 1177 or 1195. He is known to have accompanied Emperor Manuel I (reigned 1143–80) on an expedition to the sea off Attaleia (now Antalya). He may be the same person as the "Focas" who, according to the , was sent by Manuel in 1147 to guide the crusading army of King Conrad III of Germany from Nicaea to Iconium. Phokas's Ekphrasis is both concise and precise. He had a rather positive attitude towards the Crusaders. In some cases he provides unique information. He describes a fanatical Saracen sect called the Chasisioi (perhaps the Assassins). He calls the river Jordan "the holiest among rivers" and names three monasteries in the vicinity of site of the baptism of Jesus dedicated to Our Lady of Kalamon, John Chrysostom and John the Baptist. The latter was rebuilt, he says, by Manuel I. He also reports that Cana was nothing more than a kastellion (a small fortified settlement), that there were two monasteries (one Greek, one Latin) atop Mount Tabor, and that the site of ancient Jericho was covered in gardens and vineyards. Besides the Bible, Phokas also quotes from such ancient authors as Josephus Flavius and Achilles Tatius. The Ekphrasis may have been written against the pilgrimage account of Constantine Manasses, who returned from the Holy Land disillusioned and wondering why Christ lived there. In the Ekphrasis, the beauty of the places is stressed repeatedly. (en)
  • Juan Focas fue un peregrino bizantino del siglo XII a Tierra Santa. Escribió un relato de sus viajes, la llamada Écfrasis (o Descripción Concisa) de los Lugares Santos,​ "el más elegante de los relatos de peregrinación palestinos".​ Recientemente ha surgido la duda de si Focas fue de hecho el autor de la Ekphrasis, que ha sido reatribuida en su lugar a .​ Hay poca información biográfica sobre los Focas. Un manuscrito de la Écfrasis contiene una nota que dice que era un sacerdote y que su padre, un tal Mateo, se hizo monje en Patmos. De acuerdo con esta nota marginal, su viaje a Tierra Santa tuvo lugar en 1177 o 1195. Se sabe que acompañó al emperador Manuel I (reinó entre 1143 y 1180) en una expedición al mar frente a Attaleia (ahora Antalya). Puede que sea la misma persona que los Focas que, según los , fueron enviados por Manuel en 1147 para guiar al ejército cruzado del rey Conrado III de Alemania desde Nicea a Iconio.​ La Écfrasis de Focas es concisa y precisa. Tenía una actitud bastante positiva hacia los cruzados. En algunos casos, proporciona información única. Describe a una secta sarracena fanática llamada los Chasisioi (quizás los Asesinos).​ Llama al río Jordán "el más sagrado de los ríos" y nombra tres monasterios en las cercanías del lugar del bautismo de Jesús dedicado a Nuestra Señora de Kalamon, Juan Crisóstomo y Juan el Bautista. Este último fue reconstruido, dice, por Manuel I.​ También informa que Caná no era más que un kastellion (un pequeño asentamiento fortificado),​ que había dos monasterios (uno griego y otro latino) en la cima del Monte Tabor,​ y que el sitio de la antigua Jericó estaba cubierto de jardines y viñedos.​ Además de la Biblia, Focas también cita a autores tan antiguos como Flavio Josefo y Aquiles Tacio.​ La Écfrasis puede haber sido escrita en contra del relato de la peregrinación de Constantino Manasés, quien regresó de Tierra Santa desilusionado y preguntándose por qué Cristo vivió allí. En la Écfrasis, la belleza de los lugares se destaca repetidamente.​ (es)
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