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In mathematical analysis, Ekeland's variational principle, discovered by Ivar Ekeland, is a theorem that asserts that there exist nearly optimal solutions to some optimization problems. Ekeland's principle can be used when the lower level set of a minimization problems is not compact, so that the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem cannot be applied. The principle relies on the completeness of the metric space. The principle has been shown to be equivalent to completeness of metric spaces.In proof theory, it is equivalent to Π11CA0 over RCA0, i.e. relatively strong.

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  • Ekeland's variational principle (en)
  • Principe variationnel d'Ekeland (fr)
  • Variatieprincipe van Ekeland (nl)
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  • Le principe variationnel d'Ekeland est un théorème d'analyse mathématique, découvert par Ivar Ekeland, qui garantit l'existence de solutions presque optimales à certains problèmes d'optimisation. Il peut être utilisé lorsque l'espace métrique des variables du problème d'optimisation n'est pas compact — ce qui empêche d'appliquer le théorème de Bolzano-Weierstrass — mais seulement complet. Sa forme faible permet de démontrer rapidement le théorème du point fixe de Caristi. De plus, cette propriété des espaces complets les caractérise (parmi les espaces métriques). (fr)
  • In de theorie van de metrische ruimten is het variatieprincipe van Ekeland een stelling die garandeert dat er sub-optimale oplossingen bestaan voor sommige optmaliseringsproblemen. Het principe kent veel toepassingen binnen de functionaalanalyse. De grote kracht ervan is dat er uiterst weinig verondersteld wordt. Waar in de meeste stellingen bijvoorbeeld continuïteit van functies wordt geëist, wordt hier volstaan met half-continuïteit van beneden. (nl)
  • In mathematical analysis, Ekeland's variational principle, discovered by Ivar Ekeland, is a theorem that asserts that there exist nearly optimal solutions to some optimization problems. Ekeland's principle can be used when the lower level set of a minimization problems is not compact, so that the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem cannot be applied. The principle relies on the completeness of the metric space. The principle has been shown to be equivalent to completeness of metric spaces.In proof theory, it is equivalent to Π11CA0 over RCA0, i.e. relatively strong. (en)
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  • Corollary (en)
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  • In mathematical analysis, Ekeland's variational principle, discovered by Ivar Ekeland, is a theorem that asserts that there exist nearly optimal solutions to some optimization problems. Ekeland's principle can be used when the lower level set of a minimization problems is not compact, so that the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem cannot be applied. The principle relies on the completeness of the metric space. The principle has been shown to be equivalent to completeness of metric spaces.In proof theory, it is equivalent to Π11CA0 over RCA0, i.e. relatively strong. It also leads to a quick proof of the Caristi fixed point theorem. (en)
  • Le principe variationnel d'Ekeland est un théorème d'analyse mathématique, découvert par Ivar Ekeland, qui garantit l'existence de solutions presque optimales à certains problèmes d'optimisation. Il peut être utilisé lorsque l'espace métrique des variables du problème d'optimisation n'est pas compact — ce qui empêche d'appliquer le théorème de Bolzano-Weierstrass — mais seulement complet. Sa forme faible permet de démontrer rapidement le théorème du point fixe de Caristi. De plus, cette propriété des espaces complets les caractérise (parmi les espaces métriques). (fr)
  • In de theorie van de metrische ruimten is het variatieprincipe van Ekeland een stelling die garandeert dat er sub-optimale oplossingen bestaan voor sommige optmaliseringsproblemen. Het principe kent veel toepassingen binnen de functionaalanalyse. De grote kracht ervan is dat er uiterst weinig verondersteld wordt. Waar in de meeste stellingen bijvoorbeeld continuïteit van functies wordt geëist, wordt hier volstaan met half-continuïteit van beneden. (nl)
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  • Let be a complete metric space, and let be a lower semicontinuous functional on that is bounded below and not identically equal to Fix and a point such that Then, for every there exists a point such that and, for all (en)
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