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In United States criminal law, the border search exception is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. The doctrine is not regarded as an exception to the Fourth Amendment, but rather to its requirement for a warrant or probable cause. Balanced against the sovereign's interests at the border are the Fourth Amendment rights of entrants. Not only is the expectation of privacy less at the border than in the interior, the Fourth Amendment balance between the interests of the government and the privacy right of the individual is also struck much more favorably to the government at the border. This balance at international borders means that routine searches are "reasonable" there, and therefore do

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	yago:WikicatBorderCrossingsOfTheUnitedStates geo:SpatialThing yago:WikicatSearchesAndSeizures yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Act100030358 yago:Action100037396 yago:Activity100407535 yago:Change100191142 yago:Crossing100297532 yago:Event100029378 yago:Motion100279835 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity military unit yago:Search100945401 yago:Travel100295701
rdfs:label	Border search exception (en)
rdfs:comment	In United States criminal law, the border search exception is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. The doctrine is not regarded as an exception to the Fourth Amendment, but rather to its requirement for a warrant or probable cause. Balanced against the sovereign's interests at the border are the Fourth Amendment rights of entrants. Not only is the expectation of privacy less at the border than in the interior, the Fourth Amendment balance between the interests of the government and the privacy right of the individual is also struck much more favorably to the government at the border. This balance at international borders means that routine searches are "reasonable" there, and therefore do (en)
geo:lat	39.299999 (xsd:float)
geo:long	-95.500000 (xsd:float)
dcterms:subject	Searches and seizures Privacy law in the United States Border crossings of the United States United States criminal constitutional law
Wikipage page ID	14471837 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1112503040 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Proscription Riley v. California United States United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit United States v. Cotterman United States v. Martinez-Fuerte Invasive species Criminal law Searches and seizures Cell phone U.S. Customs and Border Protection U.S. Department of Homeland Security U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Doctrine American Civil Liberties Union Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution Privacy law in the United States Supreme Court of the United States Borders of the United States Border crossings of the United States United States criminal constitutional law Circuit split Warrantless searches in the United States Probable cause Search and seizure Warrant (law) Totality of the circumstances Title 19 of the United States Code Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals U.S. Coast Guard Mexico – United States border Alimentary canal
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone
sameAs	Border search exception Border search exception Border search exception Border search exception
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:Coord dbt:Maplink dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:US_Constitution dbt:United_States_constitutional_law dbt:Criminal_procedure
frame	yes (en)
from	Border search exception.map (en)
text	Map of the "100 mile zone" (en)
zoom	2 (xsd:integer)
georss:point	39.3 -95.5
has abstract	In United States criminal law, the border search exception is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. The doctrine is not regarded as an exception to the Fourth Amendment, but rather to its requirement for a warrant or probable cause. Balanced against the sovereign's interests at the border are the Fourth Amendment rights of entrants. Not only is the expectation of privacy less at the border than in the interior, the Fourth Amendment balance between the interests of the government and the privacy right of the individual is also struck much more favorably to the government at the border. This balance at international borders means that routine searches are "reasonable" there, and therefore do not violate the Fourth Amendment's proscription against "unreasonable searches and seizures". Federal law allows certain federal agents to conduct search and seizures within 100 miles of the border into the interior of the United States. The Supreme Court has clearly and repeatedly confirmed that the border search exception applies within 100 miles of the border of the United States as seen in cases such as United States v. Martinez-Fuerte where it was held that the Border Patrol's routine stopping of a vehicle at a permanent checkpoint located on a major highway away from the Mexican border for brief questioning of the vehicle's occupants is consistent with the Fourth Amendment. However, searches of automobiles without a warrant by roving patrols have been deemed unconstitutional. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers, U.S. Border Patrol agents, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Special Agents, and U.S. Coast Guard officers (E4 grade and above) who are all customs officers (those tasked with enforcing Title 19 of the United States Code) with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, are permitted to search travelers and their belongings at the American border without probable cause or a warrant. Pursuant to this authority, customs officers may generally stop and search the property of any traveler entering the United States at random, or even based largely on ethnic profiles. (en)
gold:hypernym	Doctrine
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Border_search_exception?oldid=1112503040&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	15636 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Border_search_exception
geo:geometry	POINT(-95.5 39.299999237061)
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Body cavity search United States v. Cotterman United States v. Flores-Montano United States v. Montoya De Hernandez United States v. Ramsey (1977) United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs United States v. Camacho NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007) House v. Napolitano U.S. Customs and Border Protection Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution Reasonable suspicion Kentucky v. King Cabinet noir Warrantless searches in the United States Search warrant United States v. Arnold

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